scholarly journals Efficient Onboarding and Management of Members in Permissioned Blockchain Networks Utilizing TLS Certificates

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Gallersdörfer ◽  
Jan-Niklas Strugala ◽  
Florian Matthes
Keyword(s):  
New Members ◽  
New Parties ◽  
Domain Names ◽  
Chain Processes ◽  
Smart Contract

Consortia blockchain networks face the issue of expanding their systems to new members. Onboarding processes are often cumbersome, as they require identifying the new participant, manually setting up rights, exchanging key material, and adding information about the new member to the consensus smart contract. Besides that, these processes are time-consuming and scale poorly. Identifying the members might be faulty as the pre-existing members might be deceived by malicious parties claiming to be someone else. This paper proposes a novel methodology to allow the onboarding of new parties without time-intensive off-chain processes. We establish identities of new consortia members by utilizing TLS certificates bound to publicly known domain names. With this identity scheme in place, the network operators can define rules such as only specific parties are allowed to join the network, e.g., only owners of *.edu domains. This methodology scales well, provides for extensive ruling and monitoring, and helps consortia blockchains to grow faster.

Labor Parties in Japan

1929 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Colegrove
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Party System ◽  
Agricultural Workers ◽  
New Members ◽  
New Parties ◽  
Labor Party ◽  
Minor Parties ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
New Association

One of the results of the passage of the manhood suffrage law of 1925 in Japan has been the rise of proletarian parties and the election of eight of their candidates as members of the Diet. In the House of Representatives these new members find themselves in the company of half a dozen minor parties and a group of independents, alternately ignored and courted by the two major parties. Their appearance coincides with a time when liberal opinion in Japan favors the two-party rather than the multiple-party system. But the economic significance of the new parties has saved them from the aspersion of merely adding to the confusion of minor groups. Moreover, the failure of Japanese liberals to develop a great party of liberalism invites a new association to seize a vantage ground so long unoccupied.On the eve of the general election of 1928 the founders of the proletarian parties had reason to hope that careful strategy in the campaign would give the new parties a good start upon the same road that led the Labor party in Great Britain to the leadership of the parliamentary opposition and finally into office. The manhood suffrage act had increased the electorate from 3,341,000 to 12,534,360. Among the nine million new voters are included practically all the male factory toilers and agricultural workers. Here, indeed, is a rich field for proletarian vote-getting.

scholarly journals Problems of Smart Contracts Application in Transactions in Virtual Property

Lex Russica ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 108-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Bogdanova
Keyword(s):  
Computer Code ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Domain Names ◽  
Virtual Property ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Moment

The author examines the features of the use of smart contracts in transactions in virtual property, taking into account the fact that the smart contract is a way of fulfilling those obligations in which the transfer of property provision takes place in the virtual world with the help of appropriate technical means. It should be recognized that the list of virtual property is open, at the moment it includes, for example, cryptocurrency, domain names, «game property», virtual tokens.The question of the legal nature of objects related to virtual property is relevant: are they a new independent type of property requiring special legal regimes, or are they a form of known property rights? The paper also notes that smart contracts differ in both vulnerabilities in computer code and insufficiently effective legal regulation. Smart contract, in the opinion of the author, is a kind of written (electronic) form of a contract, the peculiarity of which is that the will of the subject is expressed by means of special technical means in the form of program code. In this case, the will to conclude the contract simultaneously means the will to its execution upon the occurrence of certain conditions of the contract circumstances.In conclusion, the author shows that the automation of performance of obligations in particular and the digitization of contract law in general should not create obstacles to the implementation of the fundamental principles of good faith and contractual justice, to assess the proportionality of the distribution of rights and obligations of the parties, the equivalence of their property.

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