An ethnographic study on the “Use of English Language by the Students of Grade nine” in a Private Boarding School of Chitwan

English in Nepal is generally believed to be used only for international communication. The medium of instruction in private boarding schools is English & in most public schools are also practicing English medium classes. Most of the private schools have applied compulsory English language policy. English continues to play a crucial role in the communication among the students in those schools. This study has made an attempt to analyse the reason behind adopting compulsory English language policy and also tried to explore the trend of following the language policy by the students of grade nine. The study concludes that parents in particular and the society as a whole is responsible for the compulsory English language policy and the students of grade nine do not follow the school policy for exercising the freedom.

China's Wolf Warrior Diplomacy On Social Media In The Era Of Covid-19

International communication and diplomacy are significantly influenced by development of technology and communication. The role of diplomats as frepresentatives of the country has been redefined along with public communication activities increasement through social media. This study provides an overview of China's efforts in influencing the formation of public images and opinions through social media carried out by its diplomats. Their aim is to defend China's handling of the COVID-19 pandemic and challenge anyone who questions the events about the issue. This study uses qualitative methods, providing in-depth descriptions through data collection techniques based on internet-based research. This study shows that China is trying to demonstrate hard-line diplomacy called wolf warrior diplomacy. Through social media, Chinese diplomats are seen as government agents who promote national interests of their country, which in this context is related to the COVID-19 pandemic. By acknowledging the term wolf warrior diplomacy, provocative propaganda become a diplomatic tool practiced by Chinese diplomats. China's courage in taking an unconventional approach to the concepts and practices of traditional diplomacy and international communication is seen as part of China's long-term plan.

FEATURES OF PREPARATION OF PH. D. FOR PROFESSIONALLY ORIENTED FOREIGN LANGUAGE COMMUNICATION

Based on analysis of the fundamental pedagogical, philological, philosophical, psychological works (L. Andreyko, Y. Baklazhenko, A. Kirsanova, O. Kovalenko, Yu. Lavrysh, O. Osova, S. Nikolaeva, Y. Passova, Y. Skarlupina, I. Unt, etc.) found that one of the strategic tasks of postgraduate training is the formation of skills of professionally oriented communication.Proved that the development of new communication tools and the organization of business on a technologicalbasis highlighted the need for direct and indirect foreign language communication of specialists of various professions on the basis of activating the cognitive processes of students. The study found that in the modern system of organizing foreign language teaching for graduate students, the emphasis shifts from learning to translate professionally oriented texts to learning a foreign language as a tool for professionally oriented communication. This is reflected in the content of educational and research programs, which defines communication as the target dominant.Investigation of the nature and specifics of preparation of graduate students for professionally oriented foreign language communication shows that the following ideas are especially valuable: to increase the motivation of students to learn foreign languages; to promote the study of foreign languages throughout life; to carry out correction of educational programs taking into account requirements of the modern labor market and tendencies of development of specialties; use foreign languages in teaching non-linguistic disciplines; to introduce technological innovations in the process of teaching foreign languages; to promote international academic mobility and closer cooperation between both teachers and students; to promote participation in the language development program for international communication in accordance with the specifics of the national education system, etc.

A Corpus-based Study of the Discursive Construction of Corporate Identities by Chinese and American Banks

By taking the perspective of Social Constructivism and the Discourse-Historical Approach, and using the corpus linguistic tool Wmatrix, this study compares the discursive strategies adopted by Chinese and American banks in their construction of corporate identities. The research underlines the shared and unique features presented in prominent themes, communication strategies and lexical patterns. It is found that Chinese banks prefer to emphasise their historical development, industrial ranking and organisational structure to positively construct their identity as industry leaders, adopting a corporate ability strategy through the frequent usage of numbers and superlative adjectives. However, American banks tend to stress care for their employees, communities and environment. They prefer to use a corporate responsibility strategy to build their identity as social contributors through the frequent usage of performative verbs to exhibit specific corporate activities. This study may have practical implications for Chinese companies wishing to improve their international communication capability and may offer educational implications for Business English teaching.

Environmental security as an international legal category

Problem setting. The problem of environmental security has gone beyond national borders and acquired a planetary character. If before the issue of ensuring the environmental security of countries was solely their internal affair, over time, state borders from an environmental point of view gradually lost their importance, became transparent. Analysis of recent researches and publications. The study of theoretical or some practical aspects of the legal nature of environmental safety were engaged in domestic and foreign scientists, among which are the works of: A.P. Hetman, H.V. Anisimova, G.I. Balyuk, S.A. Bogolyubova, M.M. Brinchuk, I.I. Karakash, T.G. Kovalchuk, V.V. Kostytsky and others. Target of research is to determine the essence and features of environmental safety as a legal category in terms of international law. Article’s main body. The article examines the definition of «environmental security» as a legal category. Its legal nature and its connection to international security are being established. In particular, environmental security as a legal category is considered from two points of view, as a certain state of protection of a person from threats caused by an thropogenic impact on natural objects, and as a system of legal instruments regulating the use of natural resources for their protection, as well as prevention and counteraction to threats that have a detrimental effect on the environment. Through the analysis of international legal acts, modern approaches of the international community to ensuring environmental security are determined. The international mechanism for environmental security is constantly evolving, it should be recognized that it is unfortunately not perfect and is not able to fully solve today's environmental problems, as well as to prevent an environmental catastrophe on a global scale. By concluding international agreements alone, it is impossible to ensure effective protection of all elements of the natural environment. Conclusions and prospects for the development. Therefore, it is important to consolidate the efforts of all participants in international communication in developing common approaches to solving this problem and actively using numerous international treaties and soft law instruments, best national practices, and involving civil society.

Factors and Problems Affecting Reading Comprehension of Undergraduate Students

This study aims to investigate factors affecting reading comprehension problems of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th-year students of English for International Communication (EIC) at Rajamagala University of Technology Lanna Tak. The study's objectives were 1) to examine the reading comprehension problems found most in 2nd, 3rd, and 4th year EIC students; and 2) to investigate the main factors influencing the reading problems that in turn, greatly affected the reading competence of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th-year students of EIC and how they cope with these problems. In this study, 77 EIC students demonstrated reading problems and factors which were adopted from Manutsawee (2015). The results showed that these students reflected different perceptions related to their reading problems and the factors that had an impact on their reading problems. The reading problems for the 2nd year EIC students were related to grammar, vocabulary, understanding, and personal experience with an average of 3.50, 3.43, 3.25, and 3.25, respectively. Meanwhile, the 3rd year students showed that they had difficulty with vocabulary (3.19) and grammar (3.10), with understanding and personal experience having the same average score (3.00). Finally, the 4th year students' reading problems were in the area of vocabulary (3.50), understanding and grammar (3.25), and personal experience (3.14). Moreover, the factor that affected EIC students' reading problems the most was identified as follows. The 2nd year students perceived students' attitude as the most influential factor at 3.91. However, the 3rd year students thought classroom teaching had the greatest impact on their reading problems at 3.79. Finally, the student's attitude was also the most influential factor, at 3.91, for the 4th year students.

Human Intelligence (HI –Nous) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in ESP/EAP Teaching and Editing of Inter-Disciplinary Research for International Communication – Case Studies and Methods

In this study the author will present how Human Intelligence (HI – nous), in co-operation with Artificial Intelligence (AI) – Internet can communicate his/her knowledge and interdisciplinary research to an international context (i.e., Erasmus exchange programs and/or international conferences). Having over a twenty-year experience of teaching ESP/EAP at a non-English University and over a twenty-five-year experience of editing research papers in English, the writer will present how a nous/student/researcher and an academic can use to his/her advantage IT tools, such as electronic dictionaries and forums. Finally, the author of this study will propose: (a) a couple of methods, which can be applied through AI (i.e., Google or any other search engines) so that the non-English nous/student/researcher/academic (a nous) will be certain that s/he communicates "correctly" and "appropriately" his/her research in an international context whose primary language of communication is English; and (b) a specific bilingual (or multilingual) knowledge management tool (i.e. an electronic TDB: Terminological Data Bank).

aspects of international communication

The article is intended to the analysis of geopolitical, conflict-related, strategic interests of Ukraine, which can be realized within the framework of the South vector of the state geopolitics through rational and pragmatic cooperation with the trans-regional leader of the region – Turkey. The purpose of the study is to identify priority areas of cooperation between Ukraine and Turkey in the Black Sea region for the effective implementation of geostrategic interests of Ukraine, and regularity of development of systems in political defense of states during crises and modern military-political conflicts. The use of interdisciplinary approach and methods of analytical, comparative analysis made it possible to study and analyze the evolution of the value-ideological loads which dominate the implementation of Eastern or Western geopolitical vectors. The necessity to take into account political, social and conflict-related imbalances and integration constraints revealed the pragmatic direction of the implementation of an equidistant foreign policy of a three-dimensional format which can be viewed as an alternative vector of bilateral cooperation with Turkey, a joint position with which will ensure accelerated development of Ukraine and will help avoid pressure from the European Union and the Russian Federation.