scholarly journals Alteration in Oral Microbiome Among Men Who Have Sex With Men With Acute and Chronic HIV Infection on Antiretroviral Therapy

Author(s):  
Shuang Li ◽  
Junping Zhu ◽  
Bin Su ◽  
Huanhuan Wei ◽  
Fei Chen ◽  
...  

Despite the antiretroviral therapy (ART), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related oral disease remains a common problem for people living with HIV (PLWH). Evidence suggests that impairment of immune function in HIV infection might lead to the conversion of commensal bacteria to microorganisms with increased pathogenicity. However, limited information is available about alteration in oral microbiome in PLWH on ART. We performed a longitudinal comparative study on men who have sex with men (MSM) with acute HIV infection (n=15), MSM with chronic HIV infection (n=15), and HIV-uninfected MSM controls (n=15). Throat swabs were collected when these subjects were recruited (W0) and 12 weeks after ART treatment (W12) from the patients. Genomic DNAs were extracted and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed. Microbiome diversity was significantly decreased in patients with acute and chronic HIV infections compared with those in controls at the sampling time of W0 and the significant difference remained at W12. An increased abundance of unidentified Prevotellaceae was found in patients with acute and chronic HIV infections. Moreover, increased abundances of Prevotella in subjects with acute HIV infection and Streptococcus in subjects with chronic HIV infection were observed. In contrast, greater abundance in Lactobacillus, Rothia, Lautropia, and Bacteroides was found in controls. After effective ART, Bradyrhizobium was enriched in both acute and chronic HIV infections, whereas in controls, Lactobacillus, Rothia, Clostridia, Actinobacteria, and Ruminococcaceae were enriched. In addition, we found that lower CD4+ T-cell counts (<200 cells/mm3) were associated with lower relative abundances of Haemophilus, Actinomyces, unidentified Ruminococcaceae, and Rothia. This study has shown alteration in oral microbiome resulting from HIV infection and ART. The results obtained warrant further studies in a large number of subjects with different ethnics. It might contribute to improved oral health in HIV-infected individuals.

1999 ◽  
Vol 190 (6) ◽  
pp. 841-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan J. Little ◽  
Angela R. McLean ◽  
Celsa A. Spina ◽  
Douglas D. Richman ◽  
Diane V. Havlir

Viral dynamics were intensively investigated in eight patients with acute HIV infection to define the earliest rates of change in plasma HIV RNA before and after the start of antiretroviral therapy. We report the first estimates of the basic reproductive number (R0), the number of cells infected by the progeny of an infected cell during its lifetime when target cells are not depleted. The mean initial viral doubling time was 10 h, and the peak of viremia occurred 21 d after reported HIV exposure. The spontaneous rate of decline (α) was highly variable among individuals. The phase 1 viral decay rate (δI = 0.3/day) in subjects initiating potent antiretroviral therapy during acute HIV infection was similar to estimates from treated subjects with chronic HIV infection. The doubling time in two subjects who discontinued antiretroviral therapy was almost five times slower than during acute infection. The mean basic reproductive number (R0) of 19.3 during the logarithmic growth phase of primary HIV infection suggested that a vaccine or postexposure prophylaxis of at least 95% efficacy would be needed to extinguish productive viral infection in the absence of drug resistance or viral latency. These measurements provide a basis for comparison of vaccine and other strategies and support the validity of the simian immunodeficiency virus macaque model of acute HIV infection.


AIDS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (13) ◽  
pp. 1923-1931
Author(s):  
Cynthia L. Gay ◽  
Dayna T. Neo ◽  
Aaron S. Devanathan ◽  
Joann D. Kuruc ◽  
Kara S. McGee ◽  
...  

AIDS ◽  
2011 ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia L Gay ◽  
Ashley J Mayo ◽  
Chelu K Mfalila ◽  
Haitao Chu ◽  
Anna C Barry ◽  
...  

2018 ◽  
Vol 218 (9) ◽  
pp. 1453-1463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle L D’Antoni ◽  
Mary Margaret Byron ◽  
Phillip Chan ◽  
Napapon Sailasuta ◽  
Carlo Sacdalan ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark M. Manak ◽  
Linda L. Jagodzinski ◽  
Ashley Shutt ◽  
Jennifer A. Malia ◽  
Mike Leos ◽  
...  

ABSTRACTAntiretroviral therapy (ART) during acute HIV infection (AHI) interrupts viral dynamics and may delay the emergence of serological markers targeted by current HIV screening and confirmatory assays, thus creating challenges for correctly classifying HIV infection status. The performance of three HIV antigen/antibody combination (HIV Ag/Ab Combo) assays (the Bio-Rad GS, Abbott Architect, and Bio-Rad BioPlex 2200 assays) was evaluated with samples collected from RV254/South East Asia Research Collaboration in HIV 010 (RV254/SEARCH010) study (Bangkok, Thailand) participants at weeks 12 and 24 following the initiation of ART at Fiebig stage I (FI) (n = 23), FII (n = 39), or FIII/IV (n = 22). Supplemental, confirmatory testing was performed by the Geenius HIV 1/2 and HIV-1 Western blot assays (Bio-Rad). Samples from 30 untreated, HIV-1-infected individuals demonstrated robust HIV Ag/Ab Combo assay reactivity with well-developed HIV-1 Western blotting profiles by 24 weeks after infection. In contrast, 52.2% of samples from individuals initiating ART at FI, 7.7% of samples from individuals initiating ART at FII, and 4.5% of samples from individuals initiating ART at FIII/IV were nonreactive by the HIV Ag/Ab Combo assays, with 36.4 to 39.1% of samples having low signal-to-cutoff (S/CO) results by the Architect and BioPlex assays (S/CO < 10). Seroreversion from a reactive to a nonreactive status was observed in 10 individuals initiating ART at FII and 3 individuals initiating ART at FIII/IV. The Geenius and HIV-1 Western blot assay results were negative or indeterminate for 73.9% and 69.6% of individuals, respectively, treated at FI; 50.0% and 26.3% of individuals, respectively, treated at FII; and 54.5% and 40.9% of individuals, respectively, treated at FIII/IV. Virologic suppression of HIV-1 by ART during AHI impedes seroconversion to biomarkers of infection, limiting the utility of HIV Ag/Ab Combo and supplemental, confirmatory assays for infection status determination.


2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jozefien De Clercq ◽  
Sofie Rutsaert ◽  
Marie-Angélique De Scheerder ◽  
Chris Verhofstede ◽  
Steven Callens ◽  
...  

2016 ◽  
Vol 213 (12) ◽  
pp. 2020-2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dvora L. Joseph Davey ◽  
Matt R. Beymer ◽  
Chelsea Roberts ◽  
Robert K. Bolan ◽  
Jeffrey D. Klausner

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 505-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Vinikoor ◽  
Anna Cope ◽  
Cynthia L. Gay ◽  
Guido Ferrari ◽  
Kara S. McGee ◽  
...  

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