scholarly journals The Tick Microbiota Dysbiosis Promote Tick-Borne Pathogen Transstadial Transmission in a Babesia microti–Infected Mouse Model

Author(s):  
Nana Wei ◽  
Jie Cao ◽  
Houshuang Zhang ◽  
Yongzhi Zhou ◽  
Jinlin Zhou

Ticks are obligate hematophagous ectoparasites. They are important vectors for many pathogens, of both medical and veterinary importance. Antibiotic residues in animal food are known, but very little is known about the effects of antibiotic residues in animals on the microbiome diversity of ticks and tick-borne pathogen transmission. We used a Haemaphysalis longicornis–infested mouse model to evaluate the effect of antibiotic usage on tick microbiome. Nymphal ticks were fed on an antibiotic cocktail-treated or water control mice. Adult ticks molted from nymphs fed on the antibiotic cocktail-treated mouse had a dysbiosed microbiota. Nymphal ticks were also fed on a B. microti–infected mice that had been treated with antibiotic cocktail or water. We found that the B. microti infection in adult ticks with a dysbiosed microbiota (44.7%) was increased compared with the control adult ticks (24.2%) by using qPCR targeting 18S rRNA gene. This may increase the risk of tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) transmission from adult ticks to a vertebrate host. These results show that an antibiotic-treated mouse can induce tick microbiota dysbiosis. Antibiotic treatment of B. microti-infected mouse poses the possibility of increasing transstadial transmission of B. microti from the nymph to the adult H. longicornis. These findings suggest that B. microti transmission may be exacerbated in high antibiotic usage areas.

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (12) ◽  
pp. 1887-1894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afia KHATUN ◽  
Masashi SAKURAI ◽  
Kazuki OKADA ◽  
Yusuke SAKAI ◽  
Masahiro MORIMOTO
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
Leila Amini ◽  
Najmeh Tehranian ◽  
Mansoureh Movahedin ◽  
Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani ◽  
Haleh Soltanghoraee

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 2373-2378
Author(s):  
Yan-Bing Ding ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
Li-Xia Huang ◽  
Ye-Li Gong ◽  
Fa-Hu Yuan ◽  
...  

Purpose: To evaluate the antitrypanosomal activity of Malva sylvestris (MS) extract in a Trypanosoma brucei brucei-infected  mouse model of sleeping sickness.Methods: Sleeping sickness was induced by the intraperitoneal injection of Trypanosoma brucei brucei infected blood in mice.  Confirmation of parasitaemia was performed by estimating the parasite count in the plasma on the 12th day after inoculation. All the mice were divided into five groups: control group that received neither infection nor treatment; negative control that was  infected with the parasite but did not receive treatment; MS-treated group that receive MS extract (250 and 500 mg/kg, ip) and standard (STD) group that received levamisole (7.5 mg/kg, ip) for 7 days after the development of parasitaemia. A further parasite count was performed in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after the treatment period. Humoral antibody response,  delayed hypersensitivity reaction, and mobilization of leucocytes were determined after the treatment period in SRBC-sensitized mice.Results: The results indicate that treatment with MS significantly decreased body weight and parasite count in the blood and CSF of mice with Trypanosoma brucei brucei-induced sleeping sickness compared with that in the negative control group. There was a significant increase in paw swelling and decrease in secondary antibody in the MS-treated group compared with that in the  negative control group. However, treatment with MS extract also enhanced the mobilization of the total leucocyte count compared with that in the negative control group.Conclusion: The results demonstrate the anti-trypanosomal activity of Malva sylvestris extract via immunomodulation in a  Trypanosoma brucei brucei-infected mouse model of sleeping sickness.Keywords: Malva sylvestris, Trypanosoma brucei brucei, Sleeping sickness, Immunomodulatory activity, Delayed hypersensitivity reaction


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiqing Zheng ◽  
Rika Umemiya-Shirafuji ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Kiyoshi Okado ◽  
Paul Franck Adjou Moumouni ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Wang ◽  
Yao Wang ◽  
Jilei Huang ◽  
Bin Xu ◽  
Junhu Chen ◽  
...  

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-222
Author(s):  
Jiangrong Chen ◽  
Chunchao Zhu ◽  
Chaojie Wang ◽  
Xiaodan Zhang ◽  
Jian Ni ◽  
...  

2007 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. S110-S111
Author(s):  
Wataru Watanabe ◽  
Tomomi Shimizu ◽  
Akane Hino ◽  
Masahiko Kurokawa

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