scholarly journals Unraveling the Holocene Eruptive History of Flores Island (Azores) Through the Analysis of Lacustrine Sedimentary Records

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Andrade ◽  
Ricardo S. Ramalho ◽  
Adriano Pimentel ◽  
Armand Hernández ◽  
Steffen Kutterolf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Activity ◽  
Volcanic System ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Eruptive History ◽  
Sedimentary Records ◽  
Glass Shard ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tephra Layers ◽  
Volcanic Islands

Lacustrine sequences from active volcanic settings usually hold a rich and continuous record of tephra layers, providing a critical source of information to reconstruct a most complete eruptive history of a region. Lake sedimentary records on volcanic islands are particularly useful as the typical small size of these islands and their steep subaerial and submarine slopes lead to a lower preservation of potential erodible pyroclastic deposits. Here we explore the lacustrine sedimentary record of Lagoa da Lomba, a crater lake in the central upland area of Flores Island (Azores), to gain insight into the recent eruptive history of this island. The strategic location of Lagoa da Lomba, half distance between the two clusters of recent volcanic activity of the island, together with its long-lasting record, back to 23.52 cal kyr BP, makes this lake a privileged site to investigate the Holocene volcanic history of Flores. Based on a detailed stratigraphic characterization of sediments from a lake transect of three cores, supported by glass shard geochemistry and radiocarbon dating, we recognized four Holocene eruptive events taking place between 6.28 and 2.36 cal kyr BP, demonstrating that the Holocene volcanic activity at Flores Island may have lasted longer than previously reported. Glass shard geochemistry from the different tephra layers suggests three populations, basaltic to trachybasaltic in composition, where the last eruption is the least evolved endmember. Two of the four eruptive events correlate with subaerially-exposed pyroclastic sequences, in terms of stratigraphy and geochemistry. The most recent event recorded at Lagoa da Lomba was constrained to 3.66 – 2.36 cal kyr BP and linked to an eruption sourced from Lagoa Comprida Volcanic System. The second most recent eruptive event was sourced from Lagoa Funda Volcanic System and dated at 3.66 cal kyr BP. Our observations show that Flores experienced vigorous volcanic activity during the Late Holocene. Therefore, contrary to what is assumed, the possibility of future eruptions should be properly considered, and the volcanic hazard here should not be underestimated. Moreover, we highlight the importance of tephrostratigraphy in recent lake sediments to reconstruct past volcanic activity, especially at small volcanic islands, such as Flores, where exposure is poor due to erosion within the limited subaerial area and the dense vegetation.

Tsunami and tephra deposits record interactions between past eruptive activity and landslides at Stromboli volcano, Italy

Geology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 436-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Pistolesi ◽  
Antonella Bertagnini ◽  
Alessio Di Roberto ◽  
Maurizio Ripepe ◽  
Mauro Rosi
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Activity ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Stromboli Volcano ◽  
Close Link ◽  
Flank Collapse ◽  
Volcanic Events ◽  
Volcanic Islands ◽  
Volcaniclastic Deposits

Abstract Devastation associated with tsunamis is well known on the global scale. Flank collapse at volcanic islands is among the mechanisms triggering tsunamis, but very few examples document interaction between landslides and volcanic activity. The study of three well-preserved medieval tsunami deposits recently discovered along the coast of Stromboli volcano (Aeolian Islands, southern Italy) enabled a detailed characterization of the tsunami sequences intercalated with volcaniclastic deposits and primary tephra and allowed reconstruction of the likely sequence of volcanic events. In one case, a violent explosion possibly preceded the tsunami, whereas in the youngest event, the lateral collapse of the volcano flank triggered a tsunami wave that was rapidly followed by sustained explosive magmatic activity and ensuing prolonged ash venting. The hypothesized tsunami-triggering dynamics suggests a close link between volcanic activity and flank collapse, further confirming that the persistent activity at Stromboli makes the volcano particularly susceptible to tsunami generation.

scholarly journals Refining the eruptive history of Ulleungdo and Changbaishan volcanoes (East Asia) over the last 86 kyrs using distal sedimentary records

2020 ◽  
Vol 389 ◽  
pp. 106669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle McLean ◽  
Paul G. Albert ◽  
Takehiko Suzuki ◽  
Takeshi Nakagawa ◽  
Jun-Ichi Kimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Eruptive History ◽  
Sedimentary Records ◽  
History Of

Eruptive history of Neapolitan volcanoes: constraints from 40Ar–39Ar dating

2012 ◽  
Vol 150 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLAUDIO SCARPATI ◽  
ANNAMARIA PERROTTA ◽  
SIMONE LEPORE ◽  
ANDREW CALVERT
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Field ◽  
Campi Flegrei ◽  
Campanian Ignimbrite ◽  
Pyroclastic Deposits ◽  
Eruptive History ◽  
New Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tephra Layers ◽  
The City ◽  
Eruptive Cycles

AbstractThe city of Naples can be considered part of the Campi Flegrei volcanic field, and deposits within the urban area record many autochthonous pre- to post-caldera eruptions. Age measurements were carried out using 40Ar–39Ar dating techniques on samples from small monogenetic vents and more widely distributed tephra layers. The 40Ar–39Ar ages on feldspar phenocrysts yielded ages of c. 16 ka and 22 ka for events older than the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff caldera-forming eruption (15 ka), and ages of c. 40 ka, 53 ka and 78 ka for events older than the Campanian Ignimbrite caldera-forming eruption (39 ka). The oldest age obtained is 18 ka older than previous dates for pyroclastic deposits cropping out along the northern rim of Campi Flegrei. The results of this study allow us to divide the Campi Flegrei volcanic history into four main, geochronologically distinct eruptive cycles. A new period, the Paleoflegrei, occurred before 74–78 ka and has been proposed to better discriminate the ancient volcanism in the volcanic field. The eruptive history of Campi Flegrei extends possibly further back than this, but the products of previous eruptions are difficult to date owing to the lack of fresh juvenile clasts. These new geochronological data, together with recently published ages related to young volcanic edifices located in the city of Naples (Nisida volcano, 3.9 ka) testify to persistent activity over a period of at least 80 ka, with an average eruption recurrence interval of ~555 years within and adjacent to this densely populated city.

Large debris avalanches and associated eruptions in the Holocene eruptive history of Shiveluch Volcano, Kamchatka, Russia

1998 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 490-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera V. Ponomareva ◽  
Maria M. Pevzner ◽  
Ivan V. Melekestsev
Keyword(s):  
Shiveluch Volcano ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Eruptive History ◽  
Debris Avalanches ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals The long and intertwined record of humans and the Campi Flegrei volcano (Italy)

2021 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Costa ◽  
M. A. Di Vito ◽  
G. P. Ricciardi ◽  
V. C. Smith ◽  
P. Talamo
Keyword(s):  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Campi Flegrei ◽  
Volcanic System ◽  
Phlegraean Fields ◽  
Volcanic Lakes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tephra Layers ◽  
Historic Record ◽  
Key Aspects

AbstractThe Campi Flegrei volcano (or Phlegraean Fields), Campania, Italy, generated the largest eruption in Europe in at least 200 ka. Here we summarise the volcanic and human history of Campi Flegrei and discuss the interactions between humans and the environment within the “burning fields” from around 10,000 years until the 1538 CE Monte Nuovo eruption and more recent times. The region’s incredibly rich written history documents how the landscape changed both naturally and anthropogenically, with the volcanic system fuelling these considerable natural changes. Humans have exploited the beautiful landscape, accessible resources (e.g. volcanic ash for pulvis puteolana mortar) and natural thermal springs associated with the volcano for millennia, but they have also endured the downsides of living in a volcanically active region—earthquakes, significant ground deformation and landscape altering eruptions. The pre-historic record is detailed, and various archaeological sites indicate that the region was certainly occupied in the last 10,000 years. This history has been reconstructed by identifying archaeological finds in sequences that often contain ash (tephra) layers from some of the numerous volcanic eruptions from Campi Flegrei and the other volcanoes in the region that were active at the time (Vesuvius and Ischia). These tephra layers provide both a relative and absolute chronology and allow the archaeology to be placed on a relatively precise timescale. The records testify that people have inhabited the area even when Campi Flegrei was particularly active. The archaeological sequences and outcrops of pyroclastic material preserve details about the eruption dynamics, buildings from Roman times, impressive craters that now host volcanic lakes and nature reserves, all of which make this region particularly mystic and fascinating, especially when we observe how society continues to live within the active caldera system. The volcanic activity and long record of occupation and use of volcanic resources in the region make it unique and here we outline key aspects of its geoheritage.

Major and trace element characterization of tephra layers offshore Pantelleria Island: insights into the last 200 ka of volcanic activity and contribution to the Mediterranean tephrochronology

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella Tamburrino ◽  
Donatella D. Insinga ◽  
Mario Sprovieri ◽  
Paola Petrosino ◽  
Massimo Tiepolo
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Volcanic Activity ◽  
Tephra Layers ◽  
The Mediterranean

Geochemical Characterization of Late Pleistocene and Holocene Tephra Layers from the Basin of Mexico, Central Mexico

1998 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Ortega-Guerrero ◽  
Anthony J. Newton
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Geochemical Characterization ◽  
Basin Of Mexico ◽  
Glass Shard ◽  
Tephra Layers ◽  
Nevado De Toluca

In order to aid palaeoenvironmental research of Late Pleistocene and Holocene deposits of central Mexico, tephra layers collected from the sediments of the Texcoco and Chalco sub-basins, in the southern part of the Basin of Mexico, are geochemically characterized and used as stratigraphic markers. The tephra layers range in composition from basaltic andesites to rhyolites and are calc-alkaline. The tephras range in age from >34,000 to ca. 260014C yr B.P. New names are used informally to designate correlated tephras. The Tlahuac tephra is present in Chalco, at a depth of 18 m; in the southeastern part of Texcoco, at a depth of around 10 m; and at the Tlapacoya archaeological site, where it had been mistakenly described as basaltic. This basalt–andesite tephra is dated to at least 34,00014C yr B.P. The Tlapacoya 1 tephra is dated to between 15,020 ± 450 and 14,430 ± 190 yr B.P. and is present in all Chalco sections. The Tlapacoya 2 tephra corresponds to the previously described “pomez gruesa con fragmentos de andesita” (ca. 14,400 yr B.P.) and is present in all Chalco and Texcoco sections. The likely source of these three tephras is the volcano Popocatepetl. Tephra II at Chalco dates to 12,520 ± 135 yr B.P. and correlates with the Upper Toluca Pumice from Nevado de Toluca volcano. These represent the first geochemical glass-shard analysis of tephras from the Basin of Mexico, and so further research is necessary before a reliable tephrochronology can be established.

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