scholarly journals The Best (and Worst) of GHG Emission Trading Systems: Comparing the EU ETS with Its Followers

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Borghesi ◽  
Massimiliano Montini
Keyword(s):  
Emission Trading ◽  
Eu Ets ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Trading Systems ◽  
The Eu

scholarly journals An Assessment of Carousel Value-Added Tax Fraud in The European Carbon Market

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Berrittella ◽  
Filippo Alessandro Cimino
Keyword(s):  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Emission Trading ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Carbon Market ◽  
Eu Ets ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe literature on the European Union Emission Trading System (EU ETS) is by now very rich. Much is known about the efficiency, the effectiveness, and the environmental and distributional impacts of the EU ETS. Less, however, is known about the carousel value-added-tax (VAT) fraud phenomena in the European carbon market. This article evaluates the welfare effects of carousel VAT fraud in the EU ETS using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) analysis. According to our findings, if VAT fraud occurs in the EU ETS, the effects on welfare for the EU Member States are negative, with welfare loss significantly higher than the VAT fraud value. This article also discusses the reverse charge mechanism that EU Member States could adopt to reduce the VAT fraud phenomena in the European carbon market.

scholarly journals The green-house gas (GHG) emission’s reduction mechanisms for biofuels in the European legislation

OCL ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Philippe Dusser
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Emission Trading ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Reduction Mechanisms ◽  
Ghg Reduction ◽  
Emission Reduction Target ◽  
The Eu

GHG reductions are a major focus of the EU policy. Several regulations have been set in order to meet the EU commitments under the Paris Agreement with an overall reduction of 40% from 1990 level. For the transport sector which is responsible for around 20% of the total GHG emissions, the GHG reductions obligations have been translated by i) reinforced GHG reduction thresholds for biofuels into the recast Renewable Energy Directive RED II; ii) an ambitious target of 30% GHG emission reduction target from 2005 level in the Effort Sharing Regulation (ESR) common to “non-ETS sector” (not covered by the Emission Trading System – ETS) as agriculture, building, waste… and transport. Furthermore, other EU regulations directed to Cars, Vans as well as Heavy Duty Vehicles set GHG emission reduction targets for new vehicle up to 2030. Finally, in its communication “A Clean Planet for All” the EU Commission describes A Strategy for 2050 to achieve a carbon neutral economy. This article addresses also the case of the German “GHG quota” which is a national support system for biofuels and as such is parallel to the European obligations stemming from the RED II renewable energy mandates that are to be met by Germany.

scholarly journals Cross-sector analysis of the Hungarian sectors covered by the Effort Sharing Decision – Climate policy perspectives for the Hungarian agriculture within the 2021-2030 EU programming period

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Csaba Fogarassy ◽  
Bálint Horváth ◽  
Attila Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Climate Policy ◽  
Emission Trading ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Public Utility ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Trading Scheme ◽  
Programming Period ◽  
Management Institutions ◽  
The Eu

Ever since 2012, the EU ETS (European Union’s Emission Trading Scheme), which is the EU’s climate policy was extended to include the ESD (Effort Sharing Decision) sectors’ (agriculture, transport, building) regulations. As its name implies, this mechanism is based off of shared interests and efforts, all in order to reach the climate goals. Therefore, analysing the agriculture sector from an environmental viewpoint requires the analysis of related sectors as well, since their performances will have an impact on determining the requirements to be met by the agriculture. Seeing that those primarily present in said sectors are not various firms, but people and public utility management institutions instead, the level of regulations draws from the economic state of the various countries in question (GDP per capita). Therefore, member states like ours did not receive difficult goals until 2020, due to our performance being lower than the average of the EU. However, during the program phase between 2021 and 2030, all nations are to lower their GHG (greenhouse gases) emission, and have to make developments to restrict GHG emission level growth within the ESD, which means we already have to estimate our future possibilities. During the analyses, we will see that analysing agriculture from an environmental viewpoint, without doing the same to their related sectors and their various related influences is impossible. The GHG emission goals determined by the EU have to be cleared by the agriculture sector, but the inputs from transport, waste management and building are required nonetheless. JEL classification: Q58

scholarly journals The EU ETS and Aviation: Evaluating the Effectiveness of the EU Emission Trading System in Reducing Emissions from Air Travel

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-120
Author(s):  
A. M. Heiaas
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Emission Trading ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Eu Ets ◽  
Emission Trading System ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Eu

Over the past 30 years, the aviation industry has seen record-breaking growth whilst enjoying exemptions from most taxes and VAT charges. Currently, the aviation sector is considered one of the fastest-growing greenhouse gas emissions sources. Attempting to reduce these emissions in a cost-effective manner, the EU decided in 2012 to include all flights entering and leaving the EU in their Emission Trading System (EU ETS). It was quickly changed to only include travel within the EU. Nevertheless, as the largest cap-and-trade system in the world, the purpose of the EU ETS is to control the growth of emissions by issuing pollution permit rights. The idea is that by setting an emission ceiling and allowing trade between sectors, emission abatement will happen where it is cheapest and easiest to do. This paper explores whether the EU ETS succeeded in reducing the aviation sector emissions over the period 2012–2018 by employing a General Synthetic Control model to estimate a counterfactual scenario. When using jet fuel consumption as a proxy for emissions, the results indicate that on average the EU ETS led to a 10 per cent increase in jet fuel consumption relative to a scenario where it was not implemented. However, the paper fails to conclude a causal relationship between EU ETS and jet fuel consumption due to drawbacks with the data. Nevertheless, it provides a starting point for future ex-post research concerned with aviation and carbon pricing in the European market.

scholarly journals European union emissions trading system with regard to climate change mitigation in Latvia

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (-1) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilze Pruse
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Emissions Trading ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Eu Ets ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Change Mitigation ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The goal of this paper is to analyse the volumes of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the European Union Emissions Trading System’s (EU ETS) participants in Latvia in relation to their participation therein. After describing and discussing the EU ETS mechanism and its operation in Latvia in the period 2005-2010, the interconnectedness between the GHG emissions and the EU ETS participants’ operation is analysed. The analysis concludes that, although the EU ETS has contributed towards GHG emission reduction, due to the growth of the economy, overall GHG emissions from the EU ETS participants in Latvia are increasing.

scholarly journals Anatomy of Emissions Trading Systems: What is the EU ETS?

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aviel Verbruggen ◽  
Erik Laes ◽  
Edwin Woerdman
Keyword(s):  
Emissions Trading ◽  
Eu Ets ◽  
Trading Systems ◽  
The Eu

scholarly journals The Evolution of the Emission Trading System in the EU and Italy in the 2030 Climate and Energy Framework. Brief Notes on Climate Change Litigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Emissions Trading ◽  
Emission Trading ◽  
Eu Ets ◽  
Emission Trading System ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Polluter Pays Principle ◽  
Combat Climate Change ◽  
Eu Emissions Trading System ◽  
The Eu

The EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) is an important tool of the EU’s strategy to combat climate change, as it aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, according to the “polluter pays” principle. The EU ETS is more effective than environment taxation that has had little application, as it is difficult to determine the amount of tax and how it should be applied to companies and consumers [1].

scholarly journals A European Emissions Trading System Powered by Distributed Ledger Technology: An Evaluation Framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2106
Author(s):  
Rahel Mandaroux ◽  
Chuanwen Dong ◽  
Guodong Li
Keyword(s):  
Emissions Trading ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Eu Ets ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Trading Systems ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
Emissions Trading System ◽  
The Eu

The European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) is a major pillar of the European energy policy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, the reportedly pervasive frauds in this market are constraining the beneficial role of the EU ETS. In this conceptual paper, we propose to digitalize the EU ETS by distributed ledger technology (DLT), enabling the verification of authenticity and provenance, proof of ownership, and lifecycle traceability of carbon certificates and assets. Our platform allows verifiable credentials to validate emission allowances, real-time tracking of trading participants’ emissions, and the audit trail reporting of the decentralized trading records. Furthermore, we complement the DLT application concept with a structured interdisciplinary evaluation framework. Our framework and analysis aim to stimulate further interdisciplinary research in this area to support regulators, such as the European Commission, in designing effective digital emissions trading systems.

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