scholarly journals Impact of Reduced Rainfall on Above Ground Dry Matter Production of Semi-natural Grassland in South Gloucestershire, UK: A Rainfall Manipulation Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Ayling ◽  
Jill Thompson ◽  
A. Gray ◽  
L. J. McEwen
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
The South ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
South West ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Rainfall Reduction

In the United Kingdom, agricultural grasslands cover 40% of the land area, make up 89% of the total agricultural area and are an important land use for ecosystem services and food security. Climate change predictions suggest that the United Kingdom will experience more frequent and severe periods of drought that may impact these grasslands. As part of the Drought Risk and You (DRY) project, a field experiment in which rain shelters reduced precipitation reaching the vegetation by approximately 50%, was set up in the South West of England. The experiment ran for 3 years, from October 2015 to October 2018. The study was carried out at two locations in the catchment of the Bristol River Frome. Both sites were species-rich semi-natural pastures that had received no inputs of fertilizer or herbicide for many years. Automatic weather stations recorded environmental conditions, especially rainfall, within the experimental area. The existing agricultural management regimes were approximated by cutting the vegetation in the plots, by hand, at the appropriate times of year. The effect of rainfall reduction on plant growth was assessed by biomass sampling. At both sites, the rainfall reduction treatment had only small effects on total above ground dry matter production (biomass). These effects were much smaller than the year-to-year variation in total biomass. Our results suggested that well-established permanent pastures in the South West of England were able to tolerate a 3-year period of reduced water supply. The observed year-to-year variation in biomass demonstrated how important the timing of dry weather is for biomass production, and this will be reflected in effects on yield and quality of hay.

scholarly journals Culture, Heritage, and the Politics of Becoming

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanie Willett
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The South ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
South West ◽  
Heritage Studies ◽  
Culture Heritage ◽  
Critical Heritage ◽  
Future Economic Development

This chapter argues that critical heritage studies needs to consider not only what culture and heritage says about a place or space, but also what kinds of future possibilities and potentialities (becoming) are produced. This involves a thorough understanding about how time works in the narratives that heritage studies develop around a place. Narratives here are imagined as assemblages of signs, symbols, practices, and institutions. Using a case study of Cornwall in the South-West of the United Kingdom, the chapter considers how assembled narratives of Cornwall impact how the region is perceived and the effects that this has on future economic development.

scholarly journals Analysis of a paediatric orthopaedic network: a six-year experience in the South West of the United Kingdom

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 404-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Bruce ◽  
C. Kocialkowski ◽  
F. Bintcliffe ◽  
F. Monsell ◽  
J. Barnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
The South ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
South West ◽  
Paediatric Orthopaedic

Potential for increasing early vigour and total biomass in spring wheat. I. Identification of genetic improvements

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 347 ◽  
Author(s):  
BR Whan ◽  
GP Carlton ◽  
WK Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Early Vigour ◽  
Vegetative Biomass ◽  
Three Stages

Increased early vigour and vegetative biomass at anthesis should lead to yield improvements in wheat. Fifteen introductions were compared with five standard cultivars in Western Australia at Wongan Hills in 1988, and Wongan Hills, Merredin and Esperance in 1989 to identify useful parents for their early vigour and biomass production. Two times of sowing were included at Wongan Hills in 1989. Dry matter production was measured at all sites except Esperance at the early vegetative stage (49 to 55 days after sowing), late vegetative stage (56 to 75 days after sowing), and at anthesis. Some introductions were more vigorous in the vegetative stages, and produced more biomass at anthesis than the standard cultivars. Experiments under irrigated, non-stress conditions showed these lines produced leaves and tillers more quickly than the standard cultivars. The full growth potential of these lines may not have been expressed fully due to environmental limitations. While variation for dry matter production existed within the standard cultivars, it was not adequate or consistent enough to be of value in breeding. Dry matter production at the vegetative and anthesis stages was correlated significantly with grain yield in 1989, but not in 1988. Broad sense heritabilities for dry matter production at the three stages were generally high, averaging 72, 73 and 69% for early vegetative, late vegetative and anthesis dry matter production respectively. The importance of assessing the value of early vigour and biomass in breeding populations is discussed.

scholarly journals A comparison of magnetic declination changes at British Observatories

1921 ◽  
Vol 98 (694) ◽  
pp. 411-414
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Secular Change ◽  
The South ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
South West ◽  
Range Difference ◽  
Visible Effect ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Magnetic Observatories ◽  
Different Parts

In spite of the very varied use of the compass needle for purposes of navigation and surveying, there is little really known about the closeness in the parallelism of daily magnetic changes in different parts of the United Kingdom. The mean annual values from magnetic observatories show that, since 1910, secular change of declination has been at least approximately the same throughout England, the south of Scotland, and the south-west of Ireland. Thus the conditions have been favourable for an enquiry into the parallelism of other changes. Diurnal inequalities from five selected quiet days a month were published for Falmouth as well as Kew up to 1912. A comparison of results from a number of years combined had shown little difference between the diurnal inequalities at the two stations as regards the range. Difference in local time produced a visible effect, but it was small. In more recent years, corresponding diurnal inequalities for Eskdalemuir and Kew from the five international quiet days of each month had shown a close similarity.

scholarly journals OVERSOWING GRASSES ON SUNNY AND SHADY FACES

1972 ◽  
pp. 139-146
Author(s):  
J.G.H. White ◽  
G. Meijer ◽  
R.H.M. Langer
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Threefold Increase ◽  
Grass Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
North And South

Eight grasses were oversown on steep north and south aspects at Hunua, North Canterbury, either initially with clovers or three years after oversowing clovers. On the north aspect, cocksfoot established and persisted best but ryegrasses were superior on the south aspect. Here the later sowing was much superior, as by then the original dense cover had disappeared, but on the north aspect time of grass introduction made little difference. Clover introduction resulted in a threefold increase in dry matter production on the south aspect, which produced double that of the north aspect. Ryegrasses raised yields still further, but depressed resident grass production.

scholarly journals II. Abstract of the results of the comparisons of the standards of length of England, France, Belgium, Prussia, Russia, India, Australia, made at the Ordnance Survey Office, Southampton

1867 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 311-314
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Henry James ◽  
The South ◽  
Ordnance Survey ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
South West ◽  
North Latitude

In the preface to this paper, Sir Henry James gives an account of the circumstances under which the work was undertaken, as follows. (A Table of results is appended, p. 313.) The principal triangulation of the United Kingdom was finished in 1851; and the triangulations of France, Belgium, Prussia, and Russia were so far advanced in 1860, that, if connected, we should have a continuous triangulation from the Island of Valentia on the south-west extremity of Ireland, in north latitude 51º 55' 20", and longitude 10º 20' 40'' west of Greenwich, to Orsk on the River Ural in Russia.

Potential for increasing early vigour and total biomass in spring wheat. II. Characteristics associated with early vigour

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 541 ◽  
Author(s):  
KL Regan ◽  
KHM Siddique ◽  
NC Turner ◽  
BR Whan
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
High Dry Matter ◽  
Green Area ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Early Vigour

Increased early growth and total dry matter production have been suggested as useful traits to improve yield in Mediterranean-type environments. In Part I, genotypic variation for early growth and total dry matter production was identified among cultivars and some introduced lines. In this part, characteristics associated with early vigour in five of these introduced lines and ten Australian cultivars were examined in a field study at Wongan Hills in Western Australia. Differences in dry matter production were observed at all sampling times during the season, with three of the introduced lines (CEP 8058, Kansu No. 32 and V979-28) having consistently higher dry matter production than the standard cultivars during the early growth period. Those genotypes with a higher dry matter production at 54 days after sowing had higher relative growth rates and green area indices than those with low dry matter production. Both genotypes with large leaves on few tillers and genotypes with small leaves on many tillers had higher green area indices and higher dry matter production. While high dry matter production was associated with a large degree of ground cover and high light interception, it was not associated with the earlier commencement of reproductive development. Incorporation of early vigour and high dry matter production into locally adapted cultivars is required to demonstrate its benefit in these environments.

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