Application of P-Wave Moment Magnitude (Mwp) and Rupture Time Duration (Tdur) to Analyze A Potential Tsunami Earthquake in Sumatra

Tsunami warning is one of many important reports to save lives and reduce the damage for local peoples. A moment magnitude of P-wave (Mwp) and the rupture time duration (Tdur) can be used as the quickly parameters to diseminate the tsunami warning. In this paper, we analyze the seismic waveform from global network to get Mwp and Tdur of South-West Coast of Sumatera earthquake. Mwp was calculated using automatic and manual phase picking of P phase. The results of this study show a well-analyzed relationship between P wave from automatic and manual picking, Mwp and time duration, respectively. The result also give an encouraging studies for the early warning system that will be set up in the future in the region.

Factors influencing late-Holocene vegetation dynamics and biodiversity on Hallands Väderö, SW Sweden: A statistical evaluation

Forest composition characteristic of the Mid-Holocene has survived on Hallands Väderö, an island nature reserve off the south west coast of Sweden. Current veteran Tilia and Quercus trees contribute to a remarkably rich biodiversity of fungi, bryophytes, lichens and insects. Understanding which potential factors influence Holocene vegetation dynamics can support efforts to protect biodiversity, but the role of grazing and browsing has previously been difficult to evaluate because of the lack of long-term datasets. Palaeoecological analyses over the last c. 3000 years from a pond on the island reveal sustained presence of Quercus, Alnus, Tilia, Corylus and Ulmus, alongside increasing Fagus in recent centuries. Changes in grazing pressure have been documented since AD 1665 and a statistical approach was used to calculate the relative importance of grazing pressure, climate variability, and fire activity on the dynamics of selected taxa. Grazing was the main factor reducing population size of Fagus, Alnus, Tilia and Corylus on the island over the period AD 1665–1858, with warm winter temperatures and summer humidity having significant positive influences in the last millennium for Quercus, Alnus, Tilia and Corylus. The survival of large numbers of red-listed species is likely to be due to the continuity of large old trees, ancient forest composition and a distinctive disturbance history in a favourable climate.

Local people and mangroves: Ecosystem perception and valuation on the south west coast of Mauritius

Mangrove ecosystem services are multi-dimensional (ecological, socio-cultural and economic), and their valuation is complex as not all of these dimensions are quantifiable in terms of monetary value. The main goal of this study was to determine the perception of local residents on the economic values of the mangrove ecosystem along the south west coast of Mauritius (Savanne and Black River Districts). A survey questionnaire (Savanne district, N=142; Black River district, N=126) was designed electronically in English and Mauritian Creole language using dichotomous, multiple choices and closed ended questions. The mean value for the awareness score was 52.3 and the standard deviation was 4.8 for the district of Savanne as compared to Black River district, where the mean value was 53.8 and the standard deviation was 9.0. The mangrove products harvested by locals from the surveyed sites were fish, crabs and oysters. The respondents were less willing to contribute to mangrove conservation activities both in terms of money (Savanne district, 4.2 %; Black River district, 3.9 %), and time (Savanne district, 7 %; Black River district, 4 %). Hence, campaigns and education programmes are critical to raise the awareness and concern of local residents to achieve Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 14 in Small Island Developing States (SIDS) like Mauritius.