scholarly journals Hypoxia and Acidification, Individually and in Combination, Disrupt Herbivory and Reduce Survivorship of the Gastropod, Lacuna vincta

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig S. Young ◽  
Christopher J. Gobler
Keyword(s):  
Lacuna Vincta

Grazing by the gastropod, Lacuna vincta, in the lower intertidal area at Musquash Head, New Brunswick, Canada

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 725-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin L. H. Thomas ◽  
Frederick H. Page
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Intertidal Area ◽  
Mass Distributions ◽  
Lacuna Vincta ◽  
Egg Deposition ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Impact

Lacuna vincta appeared at Musquash Head, New Brunswick, in large numbers from June to August 1981 principally on lower midlittoral and infralittoral fringe Fucus edentatus. The population reached a mean maximum of 280/m2 in June; by mid September the animals had disappeared. The L. vincta grazed heavily and deposited egg masses on Fucus edentatus but little on other species. All fine and filamentous and encrusting algal species and rock were avoided for egg deposition. Egg mass abundance peaked with the population in June with a mean of 180/m2. Mean egg production in June was 83000/m2.Both snail and egg mass distributions were correlated with the percentage cover of F. edentatus, reaching a maximum at 40–75 cm above mean low tide level.The snails ranged in length from 2–7 mm, consisting of three cohorts from different larval settlements. Growth was rapid in July averaging 0·6 mm/month slowing later.The food plant Fucus edentatus showed a heavy impact of the herbivore. Weight reductions attributable to grazing rose from 56 % in June to 79 % in August and grazed plants tended to thicken rather than elongate with growth. Grazing removed about 79 % of the net production of F. edentatus which averaged 61 g dry wt/m2/day. The impact of the L. vincta population on F. edentatus seems extraordinarily severe.

Seasonal Changes in Population Density and Vertical Distribution of prosobranch veligers in offshore Plankton at Plymouth

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Fretter ◽  
D. Shale
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Littorina Littorea ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Age Composition ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Lacuna Vincta ◽  
Nassarius Reticulatus ◽  
Inshore Waters

Vertical and horizontal hauls were taken at approximately fortnightly intervals from April 1969 to April 1970 at L 3 (lat. 40° 17.7′ N, long. 4° 11.2′ W) and L 4 (lat. 50° 15′ N, long. 4° 12.5 W). Thirty-two species of prosobranch veliger were present at L 35 these larvae were not as numerous at L 4 and only 26 species were recorded. The number of species was highest in the summer: the number of veligers was highest in February. After mid October both the number of species and the abundance of veligers decreased rapidly and remained low until early February. Veligers of some species occurred later at L 3 and L 4 than in more inshore waters and these were probably individuals carried beyond tidal influences which would normally lead to settlement on the shore. They included Lacuna vincta, Littorina littorea and L. neritoides.Veligers of all ages were found at all depths. At their time of greatest abundance veligers of many species occurred maximally at 5 or 10 m, with a variable decrease towards greater depths and a sudden one towards the surface. This distribution later changed giving a proportionally greater number at greater depth. When numbers were low the larvae scattered through the water column with little or no indication of a preferred depth. An examination of the age composition of veligers of rissoids, Natica alderi, Nassarius reticulatus and Philbertia linearis from certain catches showed that the surface accumulation at the time of abundance was composed of a high percentage of young veligers: in an ageing population there was a higher percentage of larvae, especially the older ones, at greater depths, except for Nassarius reticulatus which consistently showed maximal numbers above 10 m until the larvae became scarce.

Metamorphic Changes in the Velar Musculature, Head and Shell of some Prosobranch Veligers

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Fretter
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Ring ◽  
Retractor Muscle ◽  
Dorsal Part ◽  
Intimate Contact ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Lacuna Vincta ◽  
Area Of Origin

The velum of Lacuna vincta (Montagu) and Nassarius incrassatus (Ström) is retracted into the shell by 2 dorsal and 2 ventral groups of muscles, bilaterally arranged, which are components of the larval retractor muscle. Each dorsal group passes forward from its area of origin on the shell to the dorsal part of the head where some fibres insert and adjacent ones enter the velar fold. The velum is bilobed in Lacuna and the muscles radiate through the dorsal half of the lobe to insert on the anterior and posterior surfaces and ciliated edge, whereas Nassarius has 4 long velar lobes, 2 dorsal and 2 ventral, and the muscles form a median bundle from which fibres radiate to similar insertions. Each ventral group of muscles passes through the nerve ring lateral to the developing radular sac in Lacuna and to the developing proboscis in Nassarius, and muscles accompanying them insert on the sac and proboscis wall. Anterior to the ring some muscles insert on the lips and the buccal wall posterior to the oral sphincter and alongside attachments of muscles from the foot. The majority pass to the mentum, a median protuberance of the lower lip with non-vibratile cilia, where right and left ventral cephalic retractors and muscles from the foot converge. The pedal muscles attach here and from this area muscles radiate to multiple insertions on the head and ventral half of the velum. This arrangement of the ventral muscles allows the increased angle of mobility required by the ventral areas of the velum in swimming and feeding and the intimate contact between velum and foot.

Invasive bryozoan alters interaction between a native grazer and its algal food

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 1393-1400 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. O'Brien ◽  
Kira A. Krumhansl ◽  
Robert E. Scheibling
Keyword(s):  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Grazing Rate ◽  
Choice Experiments ◽  
Saccharina Latissima ◽  
Membranipora Membranacea ◽  
Kelp Beds ◽  
Lacuna Vincta ◽  
Invasive Bryozoan

The epiphytic bryozoan Membranipora membranacea encrusts the surface of kelp blades, causing recurrent large-scale defoliation events in kelp beds off the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia, Canada. The gastropod Lacuna vincta grazes kelp, creating perforations that weaken blade tissues and increase the fragmentation rate. We assess the interaction between M. membranacea and L. vincta by measuring the grazing rate of snails on bryozoan-encrusted and non-encrusted kelp (Saccharina latissima) in no-choice and choice experiments in the laboratory conducted in November and December 2010. There was no effect of diet on grazing rate in no-choice experiments. In choice experiments, however, L. vincta grazed significantly more non-encrusted than encrusted kelp (7.1 versus 1.1 mg snail−1 d−1), and grazing rate of non-encrusted kelp was almost twice that in the no-choice experiment (3.8 mg snail−1 d−1), indicating that snails may avoid colonies of M. membranacea on partially encrusted kelp blades. We found no effect of diet on growth, reproduction and survival of snails maintained for four weeks on encrusted or non-encrusted kelp. By concentrating grazing damage on non-encrusted areas of blades, L. vincta may act synergistically with M. membranacea to increase the likelihood of blade breakage and canopy loss. This indirect effect of the invasive bryozoan could augment its direct effect on the standing biomass of native kelp beds and detrital export to adjacent communities.

fish–macrofauna interactions in a kelp (laminaria hyperborea) forest

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 1279-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
k.m. norderhaug ◽  
h. christie ◽  
j.h. fosså ◽  
s. fredriksen
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Diurnal Cycle ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Kelp Forest ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Laminaria Hyperborea ◽  
Lacuna Vincta ◽  
Important Prey ◽  
Myoxocephalus Scorpius ◽  
Labrus Bergylta

predator–prey interactions between fish and macrofauna in kelp (laminaria hyperboea) forest were examined. fish were caught in gill-nets and fish traps at two sites and throughout the diurnal cycle. their stomach contents were analysed. the most abundant fish species, except pollachius virens, were caught in larger numbers at night than during daytime. the examined fish fed throughout the diurnal cycle and kelp-associated fauna were found to be important prey. pollachius virens was caught in the same numbers throughout the diurnal cycle and contained mainly pelagic prey, in larger numbers during the day than at night. small labrids were specialists, feeding mainly on the two numerically dominant kelp-associated gastropods rissoa parva and lacuna vincta. the larger labrus bergylta, gadus morhua and myoxocephalus scorpius were generalists, feeding on a large range of kelp-associated invertebrates. some fish species showed preference for particular vertical levels when feeding in the kelp forest. the most mobile and/or the largest invertebrates were most heavily preyed upon.

scholarly journals Ocean acidification and food limitation combine to suppress herbivory by the gastropod Lacuna vincta

2019 ◽  
Vol 627 ◽  
pp. 83-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
CS Young ◽  
A Lowell ◽  
B Peterson ◽  
CJ Gobler
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Food Limitation ◽  
Lacuna Vincta

Algal associations of Tricolia pullus, Lacuna vincta and Cerithiopsis tubercularis (Gastropoda) with special reference to the settlement of their larvae

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 999-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Fretter ◽  
R. Manly
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Mass Mortality ◽  
Lacuna Vincta ◽  
Sea Bed ◽  
Algal Associations ◽  
Planktonic Larvae

More than half of the species of British prosobranchs living intertidally have planktonic larvae. Settlement involves a positive response to certain factors which results in a speedy loss of structures fulfilling larval needs and the introduction of others associated with locomotion and feeding on the sea-bed (Fretter, 1972). Unless this response relates to the needs of the species, settlement could lead to mass mortality of larvae settling on unsuitable ground.

Intraplant habitat and feeding preference of two gastropod herbivores inhabiting the kelp Laminaria hyperborea

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunilla B. Toth ◽  
Henrik Pavia
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Food Preference ◽  
Chemical Defence ◽  
Habitat Choice ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Laminaria Hyperborea ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Lacuna Vincta ◽  
Phlorotannin Content ◽  
Tissue Nitrogen

The habitat and feeding preference of two gastropod mesoherbivore species, Ansates (Helcion) pellucida and Lacuna vincta, inhabiting the kelp Laminaria hyperborea were investigated by studying the distribution, habitat choice and food preference of the herbivores between new and old kelp fronds. Nitrogen content and chemical defence (phlorotannin) level of the kelp fronds were measured in order to determine whether they were correlated with the feeding preference of the herbivores. The habitat choice of Lacuna vincta was correlated with the food preference of this species, while the habitat choice of A. pellucida probably was due to some other factor, e.g. competition or mortality. Ansates pellucida preferred to reside on the old fronds of Laminaria hyperborea, but consumed an equal amount of both tissue types. Lacuna vincta, however, preferred the new Laminaria hyperborea fronds both as habitat and food. There was a large variation in the phlorotannin content among the tissue samples of L. hyperborea. However, there were no overall statistically significant differences in tissue nitrogen or phlorotannin content between the new and the old L. hyperborea fronds.

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