Effect of Kinesiology Tape on Muscle Activation of Lower Extremity and Ankle Kinesthesia in Individuals With Unilateral Chronic Ankle Instability

Background: The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of kinesiology tape (KT) on lower limb muscle activation during computerized dynamic posturography (CDP) tasks and ankle kinesthesia in individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI).Methods: Thirty-five men with CAI participated in this study. The experimental procedure followed a repeated measures design. Muscle activation of lower extremity and ankle kinesthesia of participants were measured using four taping treatments, namely, KT, athletic tape (AT), sham tape (ST), and no tape (NT) in a randomized order. Muscle activation was assessed using surface electromyography (sEMG) synchronized with CDP tests from seven lower extremity muscles of the unstable limb. Ankle kinesthesia was measured by using a threshold to detect the passive motion direction of the unstable ankle. Parameters were analyzed by using a one-way repeated measures ANOVA and followed by pairwise comparisons with a Bonferroni correction.Results: No significant difference was observed among different taping treatments for the majority of parameters during CDP. Except for condition 4 with open eyes, sway-referenced surface, and fixed surround in the sensory organization test (SOT), gastrocnemius medialis root mean square (RMS) was 28.19% lower in AT compared with NT (p = 0.021, 95% CI = 0.002–0.039), while gastrocnemius lateralis RMS was 20.25% lower in AT compared with KT (p = 0.038, 95% CI = 0.000–0.021). In forward-small sudden translation from motor control test (MCT), for peroneal longus (PL), RMS was 24.04% lower in KT compared with ST (p = 0.036, 95% CI = 0.000–0.018). In toes-down sudden rotation from adaption test (ADT), for PL, RMS was 23.41% lower in AT compared with ST (p = 0.015, 95% CI = 0.002–0.027). In addition, no significant difference was observed for a threshold to the detection of passive motion direction among different taping treatments.Conclusion: This study indicated that KT had minimal effect on the muscle activation of the unstable lower limb during static stance, self-initiated, and externally triggered perturbation tasks from CDP and ankle kinesthesia among individuals with CAI, suggesting that the benefit of KT was too small to be clinically worthwhile during application for CAI.

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Muscle-Activation Onset Times With Shoes and Foot Orthoses in Participants With Chronic Ankle Instability

Journal of Athletic Training ◽

10.4085/1062-6050-50.2.02 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 50 (7) ◽

pp. 688-696 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Bart Dingenen ◽

Louis Peeraer ◽

Kevin Deschamps ◽

Steffen Fieuws ◽

Luc Janssens ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lower Extremity ◽

Linear Model ◽

Muscle Activity ◽

Muscle Activation ◽

Ankle Instability ◽

Chronic Ankle Instability ◽

Foot Orthoses ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Peroneus Longus ◽

Hip Muscles

Context Participants with chronic ankle instability (CAI) use an altered neuromuscular strategy to shift weight from double-legged to single-legged stance. Shoes and foot orthoses may influence these muscle-activation patterns. Objective To evaluate the influence of shoes and foot orthoses on onset times of lower extremity muscle activity in participants with CAI during the transition from double-legged to single-legged stance. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Musculoskeletal laboratory. Patients or Other Participants A total of 15 people (9 men, 6 women; age = 21.8 ± 3.0 years, height = 177.7 ± 9.6 cm, mass = 72.0 ± 14.6 kg) who had CAI and wore foot orthoses were recruited. Intervention(s) A transition task from double-legged to single-legged stance was performed with eyes open and with eyes closed. Both limbs were tested in 4 experimental conditions: (1) barefoot (BF), (2) shoes only, (3) shoes with standard foot orthoses, and (4) shoes with custom foot orthoses (SCFO). Main Outcome Measure(s) The onset of activity of 9 lower extremity muscles was recorded using surface electromyography and a single force plate. Results Based on a full-factorial (condition, region, limb, vision) linear model for repeated measures, we found a condition effect (F3,91.8 = 9.39, P < .001). Differences among experimental conditions did not depend on limb or vision condition. Based on a 2-way (condition, muscle) linear model within each region (ankle, knee, hip), earlier muscle-activation onset times were observed in the SCFO than in the BF condition for the peroneus longus (P < .001), tibialis anterior (P = .003), vastus medialis obliquus (P = .04), and vastus lateralis (P = .005). Furthermore, the peroneus longus was activated earlier in the shoes-only (P = .02) and shoes-with-standard-foot-orthoses (P = .03) conditions than in the BF condition. No differences were observed for the hip muscles. Conclusions Earlier onset of muscle activity was most apparent in the SCFO condition for ankle and knee muscles but not for hip muscles during the transition from double-legged to single-legged stance. These findings might help clinicians understand how shoes and foot orthoses can influence neuromuscular control in participants with CAI.

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Altered Walking Neuromechanics in Patients With Chronic Ankle Instability

Journal of Athletic Training ◽

10.4085/1062-6050-478-17 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 54 (6) ◽

pp. 684-697 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. Jun Son ◽

Hyunsoo Kim ◽

Matthew K. Seeley ◽

J. Ty Hopkins

Keyword(s):

Lower Extremity ◽

Muscle Activation ◽

Comprehensive Evaluation ◽

Ankle Instability ◽

Plantar Flexion ◽

Reaction Force ◽

Chronic Ankle Instability ◽

Control Group ◽

Internal Joint ◽

Knee Abduction

Context The literature on gait kinematics and muscle activation in chronic ankle instability (CAI) is limited. A comprehensive evaluation of all relevant gait measures is needed to examine alterations in gait neuromechanics that may contribute to recurrent sprain. Objective To compare walking neuromechanics, including kinematics, muscle activity, and kinetics (ie, ground reaction force [GRF], moment, and power), between participants with and those without CAI by applying a novel statistical analysis to data from a large sample. Design Controlled laboratory study. Setting Biomechanics laboratory. Patients or Other Participants A total of 100 participants with CAI (49 men, 51 women; age = 22.2 ± 2.3 years, height = 174.0 ± 9.7 cm, mass = 70.8 ± 14.4 kg) and 100 individuals without CAI serving as controls (55 men, 45 women; age = 22.5 ± 3.3 years, height = 173.1 ± 13.3 cm, mass = 72.6 ± 18.7 kg). Intervention(s) Participants performed 5 trials of walking (shod) at a self-selected speed over 2 in-ground force plates. Main Outcome Measure(s) Three-dimensional GRFs, lower extremity joint angles, internal joint moments, joint powers, and activation amplitudes of 6 muscles were recorded during stance. Results Compared with the control group, the CAI group demonstrated (1) increased plantar flexion or decreased dorsiflexion, increased inversion or decreased eversion, decreased knee flexion, decreased knee abduction, and increased hip-flexion angles; (2) increased or decreased inversion, increased plantar flexion, decreased knee extension, decreased knee abduction, and increased hip-extension moments; (3) increased vertical, braking, and propulsive GRFs; (4) increased hip eccentric and concentric power; and (5) altered muscle activation in all 6 lower extremity muscles. Conclusions The CAI group demonstrated a hip-dominant strategy by limiting propulsive forces at the ankle while increasing force generation at the hip. The different walking neuromechanics exhibited by the CAI group could represent maladaptive strategies that developed after the initial sprain or an injurious gait pattern that may have predisposed the participants to their initial injuries. Increased joint loading and altered kinematics at the foot and ankle complex during initial stance could affect the long-term health of the ankle articular cartilage.

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Lower Extremity Muscle Activation During Functional Exercises in Patients With and Without Chronic Ankle Instability

PM&R ◽

10.1016/j.pmrj.2013.12.013 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (7) ◽

pp. 602-611 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Mark A. Feger ◽

Luke Donovan ◽

Joseph M. Hart ◽

Jay Hertel

Keyword(s):

Lower Extremity ◽

Muscle Activation ◽

Ankle Instability ◽

Chronic Ankle Instability ◽

Lower Extremity Muscle

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Evaluating Postural Control and Lower-extremity Muscle Activation in Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability

Journal of Visualized Experiments ◽

10.3791/61592 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lulu Yin ◽

Zhangqi Lai ◽

Xiaoyue Hu ◽

Kun Liu ◽

Lin Wang

Keyword(s):

Lower Extremity ◽

Postural Control ◽

Muscle Activation ◽

Ankle Instability ◽

Chronic Ankle Instability ◽

Lower Extremity Muscle

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Pre-landing Lower Extremity Kinematics and Muscle Activation in Chronic Ankle Instability Patients Following Rehabilitation Intervention

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000517928.58918.bc ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 49 (5S) ◽

pp. 382

Author(s):

S. Jun Son ◽

Hyunsoo Kim ◽

Brian Wiseman ◽

Jordan Read ◽

Dustin Bruening ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lower Extremity ◽

Muscle Activation ◽

Ankle Instability ◽

Chronic Ankle Instability ◽

Rehabilitation Intervention

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Ankle Instability Patients Exhibit Altered Muscle Activation of Lower Extremity and Ground Reaction Force during Landing: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Journal of Sports Science and Medicine ◽

10.52082/jssm.2021.373 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 373-390

Author(s):

Hyung Gyu Jeon ◽

Sae Yong Lee ◽

Sung Eun Park ◽

Sunghe Ha

Keyword(s):

Lower Extremity ◽

Ground Reaction Force ◽

Muscle Activation ◽

Ankle Instability ◽

Degenerative Change ◽

Reaction Force ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Ankle Sprains ◽

Time To Peak ◽

Significant Difference

This review aimed to investigate characteristics of muscle activation and ground reaction force (GRF) patterns in patients with ankle instability (AI). Relevant studies were sourced from PubMed, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science through December 2019 for case-control study in any laboratory setting. Inclusion criteria for study selection were (1) subjects with chronic, functional, or mechanical instability or recurrent ankle sprains; (2) primary outcomes consisted of muscle activation of the lower extremity and GRF during landing; and (3) peer-reviewed articles with full text available, including mean, standard deviation, and sample size, to enable data reanalysis. We evaluated four variables related to landing task: (1) muscle activation of the lower extremity before landing, (2) muscle activation of the lower extremity during landing, (3) magnitude of GRF, and (4) time to peak GRF. The effect size using standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for these variables to make comparisons across studies. Patients with AI had a lower activation of peroneal muscles before landing (SMD = -0.63, p < 0.001, CI = -0.95 to -0.31), greater peak vertical GRF (SMD = 0.21, p = 0.03, CI = 0.01 to 0.40), and shorter time to peak vertical GRF (SMD = -0.51, p < 0.001, CI = -0.72 to -0.29) than those of normal subjects during landing. There was no significant difference in other muscle activation and GRF components between the patients with AI and normal subjects (p > 0.05). Altered muscle activation and GRF before and during landing in AI cases may contribute to both recurrent ankle and ACL injuries and degenerative change of articular.

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Effective Treatment for Chronic Ankle Instability During Lateral Step-Down—Kinesiology Tape, Resistance Exercise, or Both Accompanied With Heel Raise-Lower Exercise?

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation ◽

10.1123/jsr.2018-0073 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (8) ◽

pp. 809-816

Author(s):

Ji-Hyun Lee ◽

Tae-Lim Yoon

Keyword(s):

Resistance Exercise ◽

Outcome Measures ◽

Muscle Activation ◽

Ankle Instability ◽

Chronic Ankle Instability ◽

Balance Test ◽

Ankle Muscle ◽

Baseline Values ◽

Step Down ◽

Kinesiology Tape

Context:Kinesiology tape (KT), multidirectional resistance exercise, and interventions for decreased ankle dorsiflexion range of motion are gaining popularity in the treatment of patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI). However, there is limited evidence of the effectiveness of combined interventions in patients with CAI.Objectives:To compare the effects of KT alone, KT with resistance exercise (KT + resistance), and KT with resistance and heel raise-lower exercise (KT + resistance + heel) on the results of the dynamic balance test (star excursion balance test [SEBT]), functional performance (lateral step-down test), and ankle muscle activation in patients with CAI.Design and Setting:This study used a repeated-measures design in a laboratory setting.Main Outcome Measures:The participants completed 3 different interventions with a 24-hour rest period between interventions. The SEBT, lateral step-down test, and ankle muscle activation results were used as the outcome measures. All outcomes were assessed before and immediately after the 3 interventions.Results:The results of the SEBT-anteromedial direction significantly increased with KT + resistance (78.61 [16.11] cm,P = .01, ES = 0.50) and KT + resistance + heel (76.94 [16.00] cm,P = .03, ES = 0.33) in comparison with the baseline values (73.68 [12.84] cm). Additionally, the result of the SEBT-anteromedial direction was significantly greater with KT + resistance (78.61 [16.11] cm) than with KT alone (76.00 [14.90] cm,P = .05, ES = 0.18). The number of errors during the lateral step-down test was significantly lower for the KT alone (2.16 [0.90] errors,P = .02, ES = 0.46), KT + resistance (2.10 [0.79] errors,P = .01, ES = 0.54), and KT + resistance + heel (2.03 [0.75] errors,P = .003, ES = 0.61) interventions than the baseline values (2.55 [0.85] errors).Conclusions:Patients with CAI should be encouraged to perform KT + resistance to improve balance.

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Lower Extremity Muscle Activation in Patients With or Without Chronic Ankle Instability During Walking

Journal of Athletic Training ◽

10.4085/1062-6050-50.2.06 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 350-357 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Mark A. Feger ◽

Luke Donovan ◽

Joseph M. Hart ◽

Jay Hertel

Keyword(s):

Lower Extremity ◽

Surface Electromyography ◽

Muscle Activation ◽

Ankle Instability ◽

Chronic Ankle Instability ◽

Control Group ◽

Ankle Sprains ◽

Activation Time ◽

Peroneus Longus ◽

Healthy Control

Context Ankle sprains are among the most common musculoskeletal injuries, and many individuals with ankle sprains develop chronic ankle instability (CAI). Individuals with CAI exhibit proprioceptive and postural-control deficits, as well as altered osteokinematics, during gait. Neuromuscular activity is theorized to play a pivotal role in CAI, but deficits during walking are unclear. Objective To compare motor-recruitment patterns as demonstrated by surface electromyography amplitudes between participants with CAI and healthy control participants during walking. Design Descriptive laboratory study. Setting Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants Fifteen adults with CAI (5 men, 10 women; age = 23 ± 4.2 years, height = 173 ± 10.8 cm, mass = 72.4 ± 14 kg) and 15 matched healthy control adults (5 men, 10 women; age = 22.9 ± 3.4 years, height = 173 ± 9.4 cm, mass = 70.8 ± 18 kg). Intervention(s) Participants walked shod on a treadmill while surface electromyography signals were recorded from the anterior tibialis, peroneus longus, lateral gastrocnemius, rectus femoris, biceps femoris, and gluteus medius muscles. Main Outcome Measure(s) Preinitial contact amplitude, postinitial contact amplitude, time of activation relative to initial contact, and percentage of activation time across the stride cycle were calculated for each muscle. Results Time of activation for all muscles tested occurred earlier in the CAI group than in the control group. The peroneus longus was activated for a longer duration across the entire stride cycle in the CAI group (36.0% ± 10.3%) than the control group (23.3% ± 22.2%; P = .05). No differences were noted between groups for measures of electromyographic amplitude at either preinitial or postinitial contact (P > .05). Conclusions We identified differences between the CAI and control groups in the timing of muscle activation relative to heel strike in multiple lower extremity muscles and in the percentage of activation time across the entire stride cycle in the peroneus longus muscle. Individuals with CAI demonstrated neuromuscular-activation strategies throughout the lower extremity that were different from those of healthy control participants. Targeted therapeutic interventions for CAI may need to be focused on restoring normal neuromuscular function during gait.

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