scholarly journals Cultivar Variation in Tomato Seed Coat Permeability Is an Important Determinant of Jasmonic Acid Elicited Defenses Against Western Flower Thrips

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanae Mouden ◽  
Iris F. Kappers ◽  
Peter G. L. Klinkhamer ◽  
Kirsten A. Leiss
Keyword(s):  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Tomato Seed ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Cultivar Variation

scholarly journals α-Ionone, an Apocarotenoid, Induces Plant Resistance to Western Flower Thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, Independently of Jasmonic Acid

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mika Murata ◽  
Tetsuya Kobayashi ◽  
Shigemi Seo
Keyword(s):  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Common Cutworm ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
As Stress

Apocarotenoids, such as β-cyclocitral, α-ionone, β-ionone, and loliolide, are derived from carotenes via chemical or enzymatic processes. Recent studies revealed that β-cyclocitral and loliolide play an important role in various aspects of plant physiology, such as stress responses, plant growth, and herbivore resistance. However, information on the physiological role of α-ionone is limited. We herein investigated the effects of α-ionone on plant protection against herbivore attacks. The pretreatment of whole tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants with α-ionone vapor decreased the survival rate of western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) without exhibiting insecticidal activity. Exogenous α-ionone enhanced the expression of defense-related genes, such as basic β-1,3-glucanase and basic chitinase genes, in tomato leaves, but not that of jasmonic acid (JA)- or loliolide-responsive genes. The pretreatment with α-ionone markedly decreased egg deposition by western flower thrips in the JA-insensitive Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant coi1-1. We also found that common cutworm (Spodoptera litura) larvae fed on α-ionone-treated tomato plants exhibited a reduction in weight. These results suggest that α-ionone induces plant resistance to western flower thrips through a different mode of action from that of JA and loliolide.

scholarly journals Site-dependent induction of jasmonic acid-associated chemical defenses against western flower thrips in Chrysanthemum

Planta ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 251 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Chen ◽  
Hye Kyong Kim ◽  
Peter GL Klinkhamer ◽  
Rocío Escobar-Bravo
Keyword(s):  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Chemical Defenses ◽  
Local Application ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Protein Marker ◽  
Systemic Induction ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Whole Plant

Abstract Main conclusion Local and systemic induction of JA-associated chemical defenses and resistance to western flower thrips in Chrysanthemum are spatially variable and dependent on the site of the JA application. Abstract Plants have evolved numerous inducible defense traits to resist or tolerate herbivory, which can be activated locally at the site of the damage, or systemically through the whole plant. Here we investigated how activation of local and systemic chemical responses upon exogenous application of the phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) varies along the plant canopy in Chrysanthemum, and how these responses correlate with resistance to thrips. Our results showed that JA application reduced thrips damage per plant when applied to all the plant leaves or when locally applied to apical leaves, but not when only basal leaves were locally treated. Local application of JA to apical leaves resulted in a strong reduction in thrips damage in new leaves developed after the JA application. Yet, activation of a JA-associated defensive protein marker, polyphenol oxidase, was only locally induced. Untargeted metabolomic analysis further showed that JA increased the concentrations of sugars, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids and some amino acids in locally induced basal and apical leaves. However, local application of JA to basal leaves marginally affected the metabolomic profiles of systemic non-treated apical leaves, and vice versa. Our results suggest that JA-mediated activation of systemic chemical defense responses is spatially variable and depends on the site of the application of the hormone in Chrysanthemum.

scholarly journals Morphological and Chemical Factors Related to Western Flower Thrips Resistance in the Ornamental Gladiolus

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1384
Author(s):  
Dinar S. C. Wahyuni ◽  
Young Hae Choi ◽  
Kirsten A. Leiss ◽  
Peter G. L. Klinkhamer
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Triterpenoid Saponins ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Highly Correlated

Understanding the mechanisms involved in host plant resistance opens the way for improved resistance breeding programs by using the traits involved as markers. Pest management is a major problem in cultivation of ornamentals. Gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus L.) is an economically important ornamental in the Netherlands. Gladiolus is especially sensitive to attack by western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera:Thripidae)). The objective of this study was, therefore, to investigate morphological and chemical markers for resistance breeding to western flower thrips in Gladiolus varieties. We measured thrips damage of 14 Gladiolus varieties in a whole-plant thrips bioassay and related this to morphological traits with a focus on papillae density. Moreover, we studied chemical host plant resistance to using an eco-metabolomic approach comparing the 1H NMR profiles of thrips resistant and susceptible varieties representing a broad range of papillae densities. Thrips damage varied strongly among varieties: the most susceptible variety showed 130 times more damage than the most resistant one. Varieties with low thrips damage had shorter mesophylls and epidermal cells, as well as a higher density of epicuticular papillae. All three traits related to thrips damage were highly correlated with each other. We observed a number of metabolites related to resistance against thrips: two unidentified triterpenoid saponins and the amino acids alanine and threonine. All these compounds were highly correlated amongst each other as well as to the density of papillae. These correlations suggest that papillae are involved in resistance to thrips by producing and/or storing compounds causing thrips resistance. Although it is not possible to distinguish the individual effects of morphological and chemical traits statistically, our results show that papillae density is an easy marker in Gladiolus-breeding programs targeted at increased resistance to thrips.

Stability of spinosad resistance inFrankliniella occidentalis(Pergande) under laboratory conditions

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bielza ◽  
V. Quinto ◽  
C. Grávalos ◽  
E. Fernández ◽  
J. Abellán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Stability Of Resistance ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Successive Generations

AbstractThe stability of spinosad resistance in western flower thrips (WFT),Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande), populations with differing initial frequencies of resistance was studied in laboratory conditions. The stability of resistance was assessed in bimonthly residual bioassays in five populations with initial frequencies of 100, 75, 50, 25 and 0% of resistant individuals. There were no consistent changes in susceptibility of the susceptible strain after eight months without insecticide pressure. In the resistant strain, very highly resistant to spinosad (RF50>23,000-fold), resistance was maintained up to eight months without further exposure to spinosad. In the absence of any immigration of susceptible genes into the population, resistance was stable. In the case of the population with different initial frequency of resistant thrips, spinosad resistance declined significantly two months later in the absence of selection pressure. With successive generations, these strains did not change significantly in sensitivity. Spinosad resistance inF. occidentalisdeclined significantly in the absence of selection pressure and the presence of susceptible WFT. These results suggest that spinosad resistance probably is unstable under field conditions, primarily due to the immigration of susceptible WFT. Factors influencing stability or reversion of spinosad resistance are discussed.

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