scholarly journals The Graded Priming Effect of Semantic Radical on Chinese Character Recognition

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuhong Tong ◽  
Mengdi Xu ◽  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Liyan Yu
Keyword(s):  
Character Recognition ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Semantic Relatedness ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Minimal Form ◽  
Semantic Radical ◽  
And Control ◽  
Onset Asynchrony ◽  
High Condition

This study used priming paradigm with lexical decision task to examine the effects of different levels of semantic relatedness on the identification of Chinese phonetic–semantic compound characters. Unlike previous studies that simply classify Chinese compound characters as semantically transparent or opaque, we categorize the semantic relatedness between semantic radicals (i.e., prime) and the target characters containing them into five levels: highly related (i.e., high condition; e.g., prime ± vs. target 地), moderately related (i.e., moderate condition; e.g., prime ± vs. target 场), minimally related (i.e., minimal condition; e.g., prime ± vs. target 塔), unrelated but sharing the semantic radical (i.e., form-only condition; e.g., prime ± vs. target 坏), and unrelated without sharing the semantic radical (i.e., control condition; e.g., prime ± vs. target 涌). Moreover, three stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA)s (i.e., 57, 140, and 243 ms) were used in this study to dissociate the radical- and character-level semantic priming effects. Results revealed a graded priming effect of the semantic radical on character recognition in Chinese readers for all SOAs. More specifically, the facilitative effect of the semantic radical on character processing was most evident for the high condition, followed by the minimal, form-only, and control conditions. This suggests a graded priming effect of the semantic radical on character identification.

scholarly journals Semantic Priming Effects in a Lexical Decision Task: Comparing third Graders and College Students in two Different Stimulus Onset Asynchronies

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 589-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candice Steffen Holderbaum ◽  
Jerusa Fumagalli de Salles
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Third Graders ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Adult Performance ◽  
Semantic Priming Effect ◽  
Onset Asynchrony

Differences in the semantic priming effect comparing child and adult performance have been found by some studies. However, these differences are not well established, mostly because of the variety of methods used by researchers around the world. One of the main issues concerns the absence of semantic priming effects on children at stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) smaller than 300ms. The aim of this study was to compare the semantic priming effect between third graders and college students at two different SOAs: 250ms and 500ms. Participants performed lexical decisions to targets which were preceded by semantic related or unrelated primes. Semantic priming effects were found at both SOAs in the third graders' group and in college students. Despite the fact that there was no difference between groups in the magnitude of semantic priming effects when SOA was 250ms, at the 500ms SOA their magnitude was bigger in children, corroborating previous studies. Hypotheses which could explain the presence of semantic priming effects in children's performance when SOA was 250ms are discussed, as well as hypotheses for the larger magnitude of semantic priming effects in children when SOA was 500ms.

scholarly journals To stay or not to stay: The stability of choice perseveration in value-based decision making

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-217
Author(s):  
Ulrike Senftleben ◽  
Martin Schoemann ◽  
Matthias Rudolf ◽  
Stefan Scherbaum
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Stimulus Onset Asynchrony ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Cognitive Stability ◽  
Inter Trial Interval ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Onset Asynchrony

In real life, decisions are often naturally embedded in decision sequences. In contrast, in the laboratory, decisions are oftentimes analysed in isolation. Here, we investigated the influence of decision sequences in value-based decision making and whether the stability of such effects can be modulated. In our decision task, participants needed to collect rewards in a virtual two-dimensional world. We presented a series of two reward options that were either quick to collect but were smaller in value or took longer to collect but were larger in value. The subjective value of each option was driven by the options’ value and how quickly they could be reached. We manipulated the subjective values of the options so that one option became gradually less valuable over the course of a sequence, which allowed us to measure choice perseveration (i.e., how long participants stick to this option). In two experiments, we further manipulated the time interval between two trials (inter-trial interval), and the time delay between the onsets of both reward options (stimulus onset asynchrony). We predicted how these manipulations would affect choice perseveration using a computational attractor model. Our results indicate that both the inter-trial interval and the stimulus onset asynchrony modulate choice perseveration as predicted by the model. We discuss how our findings extend to research on cognitive stability and flexibility.

Semantic Processing of Foveally and Parafoveally Presented Words in a Lexical Decision Task

1992 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis J. Fuentes ◽  
Pío Tudela
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Lexical Decision Task ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Target Stimulus Onset Asynchrony ◽  
Onset Asynchrony ◽  
Prime Target

Using a lexical decision task in which two primes appeared simultaneously in the visual field for 150 msec followed by a target word, two experiments examined semantic priming from attended and unattended primes as a function of both the separation between the primes in the visual field and the prime-target stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA). In the first experiment significant priming effects were found for both the attended and unattended prime words, though the effect was much greater for the attended words. In addition, and also for both attention conditions, priming showed a tendency to increase with increasing eccentricity (2.3°, 3.3°, and 4.3°) between the prime words in the visual field at the long (550 and 850 msec) but not at the short (250 msec) prime-target SOA. In the second experiment the prime stimuli were either two words (W-W) or one word and five Xs (W-X). We manipulated the degree of eccentricity (2° and 3.6°) between the prime stimuli and used a prime-target SOA of 850 msec. Again significant priming was found for both the attended and unattended words but only the W-W condition showed a decrement in priming as a function of the separation between the primes; this decrement came to produce negative priming for the unattended word at the narrow (2°) separation. These results are discussed in relation to the semantic processing of parafoveal words and the inhibitory effects of focused attention.

Grammatical Priming of Visual Word Recognition in Fourth grade Children

1996 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 1005-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith A. Bowey
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Onset Asynchrony ◽  
Target Word ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Context Effects ◽  
Fourth Grade ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Semantic Context ◽  
Word Naming ◽  
Word Class ◽  
Onset Asynchrony

Previous work examining context effects in children has been limited to semantic context. The current research examined the effects of grammatical priming of word-naming in fourth-grade children. In Experiment 1, children named both inflected and uninflected noun and verb target words faster when they were preceded by grammatically constraining primes than when they were preceded by neutral primes. Experiment 1 used a long stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) interval of 750 msec. Experiment 2 replicated the grammatical priming effect at two SOA intervals (400 msec and 700 msec), suggesting that the grammatical priming effect does not reflect the operation of any gross strategic effects directly attributable to the long SOA interval employed in Experiment 1. Grammatical context appears to facilitate target word naming by constraining target word class. Further work is required to elucidate the loci of this effect.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity in semantic priming effect with a lexical decision task in patients after left hemisphere stroke

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-97
Author(s):  
Candice Steffen Holderbaum ◽  
Letícia Lessa Mansur ◽  
Jerusa Fumagalli de Salles
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Lexical Decision Task ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Semantic Priming Effect ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Left Hemisphere Stroke

ABSTRACT Investigations on the semantic priming effect (SPE) in patients after left hemisphere (LH) lesions have shown disparities that may be explained by the variability in performance found among patients. The aim of the present study was to verify the existence of subgroups of patients after LH stroke by searching for dissociations between performance on the lexical decision task based on the semantic priming paradigm and performance on direct memory, semantic association and language tasks. All 17 patients with LH lesions after stroke (ten non-fluent aphasics and seven non aphasics) were analyzed individually. Results indicated the presence of three groups of patients according to SPE: one exhibiting SPE at both stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs), one with SPE only at long SOA, and another, larger group with no SPE.

An Anxiety-Related Bias in Semantic Activation When Processing Threat/Neutral Homographs

1992 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Richards ◽  
Christopher C. French
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Lexical Decision Task ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Spreading Activation ◽  
Semantic Activation ◽  
High Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety Group

Three experiments are reported comparing high and low-trait anxious subjects in terms of their patterns of semantic activation in response to ambiguous primes, with one threat-related and one neutral meaning. Such primes were followed by targets related to either their threat or neutral meaning, or by unrelated targets, in a lexical decision task. Experiments 1 to 3 employed stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) of 750 msec, 500 msec, and 1250 msec, respectively. At 500-msec SOA all subjects showed facilitation for both meanings. At 750-msec SOA the only significant priming effect was that for the threat-related meaning in the high-anxiety group, and a similar trend was found at 1250-msec SOA. Consideration of the patterns of priming for targets following ambiguous threat/neutral primes suggest that at the longer SOAs, high-anxiety subjects consciously “lock on” to a threatening interpretation if one has been made available by earlier automatic spreading activation.

scholarly journals Effect of Prime and Target Repetition on Lexical Decision Time

1992 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Pitarque ◽  
Salvador Algarabel ◽  
Maria José Soler
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Repetition Effect ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Decision Time ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Lexical Decision Time ◽  
Target Repetition ◽  
Automatic Activation ◽  
Onset Asynchrony ◽  
Prime Target

On a prime-target lexical decision task we manipulated the relatedness between prime and target (semantically related or unrelated), the number of repetitions (from 1 to 5), the type of the repeated stimulus (only the prime, only the target, or both), and the stimulus onset asynchrony (within a range of automatic activation from 60 to 400 msec.) to find whether semantic and repetition priming are additive (or interact), and whether there is episodic priming in an automatic, nonconscious way. Analysis showed repetition and semantic priming were additive rather than interactive. No episodic automatic priming was found. Results are discussed in terms of the predictions made from the main theoretical positions about the repetition effect.

scholarly journals On the nature of the affective priming effect: Effects of stimulus onset asynchrony and congruency proportion in naming and evaluative categorization

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriaan Spruyt ◽  
Dirk Hermans ◽  
Jan De Houwer ◽  
Heleen Vandromme ◽  
Paul Eelen
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Onset Asynchrony ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Affective Priming ◽  
Onset Asynchrony

Phonology and Access to Chinese Character Meaning

2010 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 899-913
Author(s):  
Lingyue Kong ◽  
John Xuexin Zhang ◽  
Connie Suk-Han Ho ◽  
Cuiping Kang
Keyword(s):  
Character Recognition ◽  
Chinese Character ◽  
Word Meaning ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Visual Access ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
Theories Of Reading ◽  
Onset Asynchrony

One of the central concerns in theories of reading skills is the role of phonology in access to word meaning. The present study focused on this issue in Chinese to examine the extent to which phonology affects Chinese character recognition. Two naming experiments were conducted with a phonologically mediated semantic priming paradigm, and the relative frequencies of semantic associates of the targets and their homophones were manipulated systematically. Analyses showed that a semantic associate produced robust priming on target naming at 57- and 250-msec. stimulus onset asynchronies, but only the low frequency homophones of high frequency semantic associates facilitated target naming at a 250-msec. stimulus onset asynchrony. These results indicate the role of phonology is neither obligatory nor efficient in access to Chinese character meaning, contradicting the key assumptions of the lexical constituency model. A revised parallel access model that emphasizes visual access to semantics is suggested as a more plausible account.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document