scholarly journals The Frequent Stressor and Mental Health Monitoring-Paradigm: A Proposal for the Operationalization and Measurement of Resilience and the Identification of Resilience Processes in Longitudinal Observational Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffael Kalisch ◽  
Göran Köber ◽  
Harald Binder ◽  
Kira J. Ahrens ◽  
Ulrike Basten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Monitoring Time ◽  
Resilience Process ◽  
Resilience Factors ◽  
Time Courses

Resilience has been defined as the maintenance or quick recovery of mental health during and after times of adversity. How to operationalize resilience and to determine the factors and processes that lead to good long-term mental health outcomes in stressor-exposed individuals is a matter of ongoing debate and of critical importance for the advancement of the field. One of the biggest challenges for implementing an outcome-based definition of resilience in longitudinal observational study designs lies in the fact that real-life adversity is usually unpredictable and that its substantial qualitative as well as temporal variability between subjects often precludes defining circumscribed time windows of inter-individually comparable stressor exposure relative to which the maintenance or recovery of mental health can be determined. To address this pertinent issue, we propose to frequently and regularly monitor stressor exposure (E) and mental health problems (P) throughout a study's observation period [Frequent Stressor and Mental Health Monitoring (FRESHMO)-paradigm]. On this basis, a subject's deviation at any single monitoring time point from the study sample's normative E–P relationship (the regression residual) can be used to calculate that subject's current mental health reactivity to stressor exposure (“stressor reactivity,” SR). The SR score takes into account the individual extent of experienced adversity and is comparable between and within subjects. Individual SR time courses across monitoring time points reflect intra-individual temporal variability in SR, where periods of under-reactivity (negative SR score) are associated with accumulation of fewer mental health problems than is normal for the sample. If FRESHMO is accompanied by regular measurement of potential resilience factors, temporal changes in resilience factors can be used to predict SR time courses. An increase in a resilience factor measurement explaining a lagged decrease in SR can then be considered to index a process of adaptation to stressor exposure that promotes a resilient outcome (an allostatic resilience process). This design principle allows resilience research to move beyond merely determining baseline predictors of resilience outcomes, which cannot inform about how individuals successfully adjust and adapt when confronted with adversity. Hence, FRESHMO plus regular resilience factor monitoring incorporates a dynamic-systems perspective into resilience research.

Primary care management of older people with mental health problems

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Robinson ◽  
Carolyn Chew-Graham
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Older People ◽  
Care Management ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Primary Care Management

This chapter discusses the presentation and primary care management of the commonest mental health problems in older people; these include delirium, delusions, depression and anxiety, and dementia. Primary care is on the front line in dealing with older people who have mental health problems, supporting their families to care for them and managing people with complex co-morbidities in addition to mental health issues. Older people consult their GP almost twice as often as other age groups and up to 40% may have a mental health problem. Cases drawn from the authors’ real-life practice are presented firstly to represent clinical presentations and management within primary care and secondly to demonstrate how primary care links with secondary care and the wider services. The management of patients is discussed largely within reference to UK primary care systems and policy, but the international readership should find parallels within their own healthcare systems.

Improving physical health of patients with mental health problems

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1234-1234
Author(s):  
F. Cheema ◽  
J. Graham ◽  
D. Moffat ◽  
C. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Community Mental Health ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Community Mental Health Service ◽  
Individual Parameter ◽  
Mental Health Difficulties

It is well recognised that individuals with severe mental health difficulties have increased risks of significant physical health problems and that some of the treatments for mental health problems can cause physical health difficulties as side effects. It is also known that people with mental health difficulties do not present themselves regularly for physical health monitoring as suggested by national and international guidelines. We show how a secondary care community mental health service cooperated with primary care general medical services to increase the take up of physical health monitoring by patients with severe and enduring mental health problems.Staff in the community mental health team which served a rural/small urban population identified patients with severe and enduring mental health difficulties or those patients on medications linked to physical problems and contacted the primary care physicians responsible for the patients’ general care with patient details and encouraged patient attendance for physical health monitoring. Physical monitoring included blood pressure, ECG, glucose, thyroid, lipids, height and weight. Post-intervention attendance figures show an increase of 30% in patients attending physical health reviews compared with pre-intervention figures. The intervention has been now rolled out to a larger catchment area of 25000 persons.[Physical health monitoring by individual parameter]

Understanding the Mental Health Problems of Children and Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirstin Painter ◽  
Maria Scannapieco
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Cultural Humility ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Evidence Based Treatments

Understanding Mental Health Problems of Children and Adolescents: A Guide for Social Workers provides a practical guide for social workers on promoting positive mental health in youth from a system of care perspective. Social workers will gain an understanding of the scope of mental health issues in youth, along with definitions, etiology, and evidence-based treatments. The book emphasizes the importance of collaborating with youth and caregivers, addressing issues from a strengths and trauma-informed perspective, and cultural humility practice. A unique aspect of the book is the presentation of real-life case studies that allow the reader to apply the information in each section of the book. Each diagnosis is presented in two chapters. The first chapter discusses the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), the biological aspects of the disorder, and its differential diagnoses followed by a case study applying the diagnostic criteria. The second chapter presents evidence-based treatments and medications. Information on how to access evidence-based treatments for each diagnosis is provided, followed by a discussion of the outcomes of the case studies from the previous chapter. The final chapters discuss the importance of collaborating with schools, mental health providers, child protective services, and others.

scholarly journals Resiliensi Tahanan: Studi Literatur

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
Khosidah Khosidah ◽  
Megah Andriany
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Resilience Scale ◽  
Nursing Services ◽  
Resilience Factors

Introduction: Prevalence of mental health problems including detainees in prison are very high. Handling mental health problems is closely related to the ability of resilience in a person. Limited study review resilience, factors influencing it and instruments used in detainee. This study aims to describe the resilience of detainees, instruments to measure it, and factors influencing the resilience of detainees.Methods: The research method used was literature review. Literature search was carried out using search keywords resilience, detainee, prison. The database used is SCOPUS, EBSCOHost, Garuda, Science Direct, ProQuest. Articles inclusion criteria are full-text articles from 2010-2020, published in English and Indonesian, and discussing resilience to detainees. Articles were identified using flow diagrams. Data were analysed using synthesis matrices.Results: The results of search that has been conducted stating that the instruments used to identify resilience levels consisted of the Connor and Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the resilience quotient compiled by Reivich and Shatte, the Resilience Measurement Scale (RMS-25), the Adolescent Resilience Attitudes Scale (ARAS), and the Norwegian adaptation of Dispositional Resilience scale (DRS-15-R). The average level of resilience of detainees is in the medium category. Resilience is influenced by age, ethnicity, family relationships, social relationships, self-acceptance, protective factors (pro-social) and (pro-future). Detainees are prone to mental health problems, because they have moderate levels of resilience.Suggestion: Nursing services need to pay attention to the level of resilience of detainees.

Primary care management of older people with mental health problems

2020 ◽  
pp. 317-338
Author(s):  
Louise Robinson ◽  
Carolyn A Chew-Graham
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Older People ◽  
Care Management ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Primary Care Management

This chapter discusses the presentation and primary care management of the commonest mental health problems in older people; delirium, delusions, depression and anxiety, and dementia. Primary care is on the front line in dealing with older people who have mental health problems, supporting their families to care for them, and managing people with complex comorbidities in addition to mental health issues. Older people consult their GP almost twice as often as other age groups and up to 40% of older people may have a mental health problem. The chapter presents cases drawn from the authors’ real-life practice, first, to represent clinical presentations and management within primary care; and second, to demonstrate how primary care links with secondary care and the wider services. It discusses the management of patients largely within reference to UK primary care systems and policy, but the international readership should find parallels within their own healthcare systems.

scholarly journals Unravelling the complex nature of resilience factors and their changes between early and later adolescence

BMC Medicine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fritz ◽  
J. Stochl ◽  
E. I. Fried ◽  
I. M. Goodyer ◽  
C. D. van Borkulo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Distress Tolerance ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Resilience Factors ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract Background Childhood adversity (CA) is strongly associated with mental health problems. Resilience factors (RFs) reduce mental health problems following CA. Yet, knowledge on the nature of RFs is scarce. Therefore, we examined RF mean levels, RF interrelations, RF-distress pathways, and their changes between early (age 14) and later adolescence (age 17). Methods We studied 10 empirically supported RFs in adolescents with (CA+; n = 631) and without CA (CA−; n = 499), using network psychometrics. Results All inter-personal RFs (e.g. friendships) showed stable mean levels between age 14 and 17, and three of seven intra-personal RFs (e.g. distress tolerance) changed in a similar manner in the two groups. The CA+ group had lower RFs and higher distress at both ages. Thus, CA does not seem to inhibit RF changes, but to increase the risk of persistently lower RFs. At age 14, but not 17, the RF network of the CA+ group was less positively connected, suggesting that RFs are less likely to enhance each other than in the CA− group. Those findings underpin the notion that CA has a predominantly strong proximal effect. RF-distress pathways did not differ in strength between the CA+ and the CA− group, which suggests that RFs have a similarly protective strength in the two groups. Yet, as RFs are lower and distress is higher, RF-distress pathways may overall be less advantageous in the CA+ group. Most RF interrelations and RF-distress pathways were stable between age 14 and 17, which may help explain why exposure to CA is frequently found to have a lasting impact on mental health. Conclusions Our findings not only shed light on the nature and changes of RFs between early and later adolescence, but also offer some accounts for why exposure to CA has stronger proximal effects and is often found to have a lasting impact on mental health.

scholarly journals Unravelling the Complex Nature of Resilience Factors and their Changes between Early and Later Adolescence

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Fritz ◽  
Jan Stochl ◽  
Eiko I Fried ◽  
Ian Goodyer ◽  
Claudia D. van Borkulo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Resilience Factors

THIS IS A PRE-PRINT OF AN ARTICLE PUBLISHED IN “BMC MEDICINE (17: 203)”. THE FINAL AUTHENTICATED VERSION IS AVAILABLE ONLINE AT: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-019-1430-6 Resilience factors (RFs) reduce mental health problems following childhood adversity (CA). We investigated 10 RFs in adolescents with (CA+; n=638) and without CA (CA-; n=501), using network-psychometrics. Specifically, we examined RF mean levels, RF-interrelations, RF-distress pathways, and their changes between age 14 and 17. Mean level changes were similar in both groups. CA+ had lower RFs and higher distress at both ages. Thus, CA does not inhibit RF changes but increases the risk of persistently lower RFs. At age 14, but not 17, the RFs of the CA+ group were less positively interrelated, suggesting that RFs enhance each other less than in the CA- group. The CA+ group had stronger negative RF-distress pathways, particularly at age 14, but those did not reduce distress to a similar mean level as in the CA- group. Most RF-interrelations and RF-distress pathways were stable, which may help explain why exposure to CA often has a lasting impact.

scholarly journals Embracing the positive: An examination of how well resilience factors at age 14 can predict distress at age 17

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Fritz ◽  
Jan Stochl ◽  
Ian Goodyer ◽  
Anne-Laura Van Harmelen ◽  
Paul O. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Intervention Research ◽  
Risk Detection ◽  
Resilience Factors ◽  
High Distress ◽  
High Age

THIS IS A PRE-PRINT OF AN ARTICLE PUBLISHED IN “TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY (10: 272)”. THE FINAL AUTHENTICATED VERSION IS AVAILABLE ONLINE AT: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-020-00944-wOne-in-two people suffering from mental health problems develop such distress before or during adolescence. Resilience factors (RFs) decrease mental health problems. However, little is known about which RFs are the best indicators for subsequent distress, and with what accuracy RFs predict subsequent distress. We examined ten RFs and distress in 1130 adolescents, at age 14 and 17. Low brooding, low negative and high positive self-esteem RFs were the most important indicators for age-17 distress. RFs and age-14 distress predicted age-17 distress similarly. The accuracy was acceptable for ordinal (low/moderate/high age-17 distress-classes: 62-64%), but low for linear models (37-41%). Crucially, the accuracy remained similar when only self-esteem and brooding RFs were used (ordinal=60%; linear=37%); correctly predicting for about two-in-three adolescents whether they have low, moderate or high distress three years later. As assessing brooding and self-esteem is strength-focussed and time-efficient, those RFs may be promising for risk-detection and translational intervention research.

scholarly journals Mental health problems of women undergoing divorce process

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maksuda Akter ◽  
Roquia Begum
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Social Program ◽  
Mental Health Support ◽  
Brain Stroke ◽  
Health Support ◽  
Behavioral Impairments ◽  
Functional Areas

Purpose of the study was to explore the mental health problems in different functional areas of women who are undergoing divorce process. It was found that these women were suffering from various types of psychological problems. Symptoms found in different functional areas included ? physiological function impairments (e.g. weakness and tired, low appetite, sleep disturbance, headache, chest pain, brain stroke, senseless, numbness etc.), emotional function impairments (e.g. helplessness all the time, severely depressed, frustrated, anxious, upset, hopelessness, suicidal ideation, low confidence, low self?esteem, etc.), cognitive impairments (e.g. distressful thought about real life crisis ? ?I have become valueless?, ?I have no way?, ?I do not want to live anymore? etc.), behavioral impairments (e.g. unable to perform household chores, lose temper for every silly thing, misbehave with family members and relatives etc.), occupational function impairments (e.g. declined level of interest, unable to take any responsibility, dependent on others, etc.), social function impairments (e.g. avoided any social program, felt embarrassed to meet other people, isolated etc.), sexual function impairments (e.g. no interest in this area, no demand etc.). These findings suggest that women in divorce process have strong need for mental health support for rebuilding their mental health status.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v21i2.11517Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 21(2): 191-196, 2012 (July)

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