The Gade Clean And Gold: Increasing Financial Inclusion Of Gold Savings Products For Sustainable Green Economy

The gade clean and gold program applies the triple bottom line principle by prioritizing balance and harmony in the economic, environmental, and social aspects, namely “separating waste and saving gold”. Through the gade clean and gold program, PT. Pegadaian seeks to carry out sustainable community development activities to reduce poverty and social injustice, improve environmental conditions, and assist the government in waste management. The gade clean and gold corporate social responsibility (CSR) program seek to build public awareness to save the environment from pollution, especially waste, and the global save the earth program. The purpose of this study is to describe how CSR as a social program can increase the financial inclusion of gold savings and realize a sustainable green economy. This study uses the paradigm used is constructivism and a mixed-method approach. The results of this study indicate that gade clean and gold can realize a sustainable green economy. On the pillar of commitment to the environment, this activity has helped reduce visible environmental problems, namely the waste problem. The social pillar shows that this program can mobilize the community to increase their social capacity. On the economic pillar, this program can increase financial inclusion, especially in gold savings-investment products.

INTENSIFICATION OF IRON REMOVING OF LOW ALKALINE GROUNDWATER

The problem of providing humanity with quality drinking water is exacerbated in the modern world. According to international organizations, a half of the world's population by 2025 will live in areas with significant water shortages. The sufficient standard of living and environmental safety is one of the citizens’ rights defined by the main law of Ukraine, which provides for the provision of quality drinking water in the required amounts and in accordance with established standards for the quality of drinking water. The Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine has approved the concept of the state target social program "Drinking Water of Ukraine" for 2022-2026 for this purpose. The unsatisfactory state of water quality in Ukraine is associated with moral and physical depreciation of main resources, underfunding of water supply and sewerage industry. The situation is complicated by the lack of qualified personnel in rural areas. A large part of the inhabitants’ rural settlements use groundwater aquifers for their drinking purposes, which often contain excessive concentrations of total iron. The water treatment facilities were built according to standard designs using non-reagent methods for water iron removal in small settlements. The practice of individual treatment plants operation has shown their low efficiency, due to the unreasonable use of such methods. The improvement of existing water treatment schemes should be carried out taking into account the peculiarities of the physicochemical composition of water and the use of existing water treatment equipment. The purpose of the work is to improve the technological scheme of water iron removal and improve the quality of the filtrate. It is established that the reason for the unsatisfactory operation of treatment plants is due to the low alkalinity of groundwater. The rational types of alkalizing reagents and their calculated doses are substantiated by the results of experimental studies, the dependences of changes in the hydrogen index on the type and dose of reagents, residual alkalinity of water, the efficiency of water iron removal.

TYPES INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP AS AN ELEMENT OF CIVIL SOCIETY

This article explores the typology of social entrepreneurship as an element of civil society. The article formulates the author's definition of social entrepreneurship, reflecting the essential characteristics of the institution under study. Based on the analysis of international standards of the rights of socially vulnerable categories of population and based on the social orientation of the Belarusian state, the author specifies a list of persons who should be covered by the norms of social entrepreneurship. As a result of the comparative legal research of models of the institute of social entrepreneurship in such areas as structural forms (share of commercial component in the activity), level of integration of social program and business processes, scale of solution of social tasks, directions of solution of social tasks, availability of state support, the author systematizes types of the institute of social entrepreneurship. The conclusion is argued that the analysis of the essential characteristics (signs) of social entrepreneurship, its types (typology) acts as an indispensable condition for the development of the concept of the Belarusian model of social entrepreneurship and will be the key to its effectiveness.

The Effectiveness of the Strategy for Empowering Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMES) During the 2020 Covid-19 Pandemic at the NTB Province Cooperatives and SMES Office

One of the attempts to recover micro-enterprises from the effects of the Covid 19 outbreak is the empowerment of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises by the SME Cooperative Office of West Nusa Tenggara Province. The empowerment given is in the form of a program involving Micro and Small Enterprises to provide a Social Security Net (SSP) and provide economic stimuli to encourage resources. This assistance is used to restore the economy of the citizens affected by the Covid-19 Pandemic by providing the opportunity to generate their business results as a means of involvement in preventing Covid-19, which would help the Micro and Small Bu affected. Also, it can provide an opportunity to start a business Back during the economic crisis. Some problems occur in its implementation, namely the lack of capital to empower all Micro and Small Businesses Affected by the Covid-19 Pandemic so that not all Micro and Small Businesses in West Nusa Tenggara Province can be empowered. This study aimed to describe and analyze the strategy's effectiveness for the empowerment of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) during the Covid-19 Pandemic in 2020 at the West Nusa Tenggara Province UKM Cooperative Office. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach. The informants used in this study used the purposive sampling technique. The research informants consisted of the head of the UKM Division, the Head of the UKM Development Section, the Head of the NTB Province UKM Koprasi Program Division Head, and Empowered UKM Players. Data collection techniques used interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis was performed by collecting data, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The results of this study showed that the effectiveness of the Strategy for the Empowerment of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises during the 2020 Covid-19 Pandemic in the West Nusa Tenggara Province of the UKM Cooperative Service could not be said to be good because only two indicators have been defined as good. They are indicators of targeting accuracy and the social program.

Application of Unjustified Indicators of Performance of Government Programs in the Field of Physical Culture and Sport as a Factor of Non-Certification

The purpose of the work was to study the application of individual performance indicators in the State Targeted Social Program for the Development of Physical Culture and Sports until 2020 as an important aspect of compliance with state social standards and guarantees for the provision of social services in physical culture and sports and its effectiveness. Materials and methods. The study used theoretical analysis, systematization and generalization of scientific literature, documentary sources and guidelines in the field of physical education and identified the main problems of the physical training system. Results and discussion. The central executive body did not provide the use of available pre-published and statistically sound reference indicators, did not analyze its own statistics on the development of reserve sports and statistics of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine on the permanent deterioration of the demographic situation of the population of Ukraine. As a result, it was not possible to create conditions for training in children’s and youth sports schools for 270,506 children aged 6 to 18, which, in our opinion, made it impossible to form a full-fledged reserve sport. At the same time, even the increase in funding by the leadership of the united territorial communities in 2020 could not affect the development of reserve sports by attracting up to 13 percent of children and youth aged 6 to 18 to classes in children’s and youth sports schools and made it impossible to comply with state social standards. Conclusion. In the course of our study, the indicators of the effectiveness of the State Targeted Social Program and the dynamics of growth of reserve sports were analyzed and the destructive factors that affect the effectiveness of the formation of reserve sports were identified. Among other things, the use of knowingly inaccurate professionally unsubstantiated data for the formation of some basic and at the same time socially significant indicators of reserve sports growth in the State Targeted Social Program was revealed, as a result of which youth sports schools in terms of their funding, the number of which as of 2020 decreased from to 1231 children’s and youth sports schools instead of 1298 children’s and youth sports schools planned for funding in the State Targeted Social Program

Patterns of instrumental activities of daily living between community-dwelling older adults

ABSTRACT The ability to perform instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) is an important marker within the aging process, as it reflects the level of independence to perform in the real world. However, there is a scarcity of studies that investigate the different performance profiles among older adults. Objective: To investigate the heterogeneity present in the community of elderly people, grouping them based on characteristics and patterns observed through an objective performance-based assessment. Methods: Participants were selected according to the following inclusion criteria: fluency in Portuguese, 360 years, regular participation in a social program offered by the government of Rio de Janeiro, and absence of a caregiver. The evaluation of IADLs was determined by the total and brief version of the University of California, San Diego Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) and the Lawton and Brody IADL scale. The Brief Cognitive Screening Battery and the Mini-Mental State Examination were used to characterize the sample, in addition to the Geriatric Depression Scale. A total of 61 elderly people with an average age of 72.5 years, predominantly females (85.2%), and average education of 11.2 were evaluated and grouped according to their performance at UPSA through clustering analysis. Results: The analysis revealed three grouping patterns, subdividing the sample into subgroups that differed significantly in terms of age, education, global cognition, and all instrumental activities assessed by UPSA — planning, finance, communication, transportation, and household chores. Conclusions: This study was able to identify the heterogeneity present between the elderly people in the different factors that compose the IADLs through a performance-based assessment.

Technology, Identification, and Access to Social Programs: Experimental Evidence from Panama

Access to identification cards (IDs) is often required to claim government benefits. However, it is unclear which policies to increase ID ownership are more effective. We experimentally analyze the effect of two policy interventions to induce the timely renewal of identification cards on access to a government social program in Panama. Sending reminders about expiration dates increased the probability of on-time renewals and of accessing benefits from a social program by 12 and 4.3 percentage points, respectively, relative to a control group. In contrast, allowing individuals to renew their ID online only increased renewals and access to benefits by 8 and 2.9 percentage points, respectively. This result was driven by lower-income individuals. The results suggest that policies to increase ownership of valid identity documentation can reduce inclusion errors in government programs and that simply granting access to digital tools may not be enough to unlock important effects.

Subjective well-being: Self-perception in beneficiaries of a Social Program in Guanajuato, Mexico

El objetivo fue medir el bienestar subjetivo en beneficiarios de los Centros Impulso Social en el estado de Guanajuato, México. La investigación tiene enfoque cuantitativo y alcance descriptivo; el instrumento fue una encuesta de 76 reactivos aplicada a una muestra incidental de 419 beneficiarios en 54 Centros ubicados en 32 de 46 municipios del estado. En los resultados los beneficiarios perciben una satisfacción vital de 8.89 (escala 0-10); los dominios de satisfacción mejor valorados son vida familiar, vida afectiva y logros personales; el estado de ánimo se inclina hacia emociones positivas; y finalmente el índice de felicidad es de 8.71 (escala 0-10). Se concluye que el Programa Social sí ha cumplido su objetivo, puesto que el bienestar subjetivo percibido por los beneficiarios es superior a la media estatal y nacional.

A Proposal for a National Social Program for Supporting the Elderly in Saudi Arabia

The present study aims to make a proposal for a national social care program for the elderly in the main regions of Saudi Arabia modeled on King Salman Social Center in Riyadh. The author adopted the analytical descriptive approach and developed and distributed a questionnaire to an intentional sample of (382) Saudi women and an interview form distributed to (6) social specialists. The results showed that the reality of the social programs for the elderly in Saudi Arabia was low. Thus, the study stressed the importance of having specialized social programs for the elderly. It reported the importance of social relationships for the elderly. Moreover, the obstacles to the programs for the elderly include the lack of a supervision body and low social awareness. Participants agreed on the importance of the governmental affiliation of these programs and the concerted civil and governmental efforts in all fields in favor of the elderly. Received: 30 March 2021 / Accepted: 26 May 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021