scholarly journals Serum Amyloid Biomarkers, Tau Protein and YKL-40 Utility in Detection, Differential Diagnosing, and Monitoring of Dementia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Wilczyńska ◽  
Mateusz Maciejczyk ◽  
Anna Zalewska ◽  
Napoleon Waszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Tau Protein ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Diagnostic Utility ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Ad Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Cognitively Normal Subjects ◽  
T Tau

Introduction: The diagnosis and treatment of dementia is one of the greatest challenges in contemporary health care. The widespread use of dementia biomarkers would improve the quality of life of patients and reduce the economic costs of the disease. The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of proteins related to the Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis—amyloid beta isoform (Aβ) and total tau protein (t-tau), as well as the quite recently discovered marker YKL-40 in the most common types of dementia.Methods: 60 dementia (AD—Alzheimer's disease, VaD—vascular dementia, MxD—mixed dementia) and 20 cognitively normal subjects over 60 years old were examined. Subjects with dementia of etiology different than AD or VaD and with neoplastic or chronic inflammatory diseases were excluded. Concentrations of Aβ40, Aβ42, t-tau, and YKL-40 were measured in serum using ELISA kits on admission and after 4 weeks of inpatient treatment. ANOVA and Tukey's test or Dunn's test were used to perform comparison tests between groups. Correlations were measured using Pearson's coefficient. Biomarker diagnostic utility was assessed with ROC analysis.Results: YKL-40 differentiates between cognitively normal and mild dementia patients with 85% sensitivity and specificity and t-tau with 72% sensitivity and 70% specificity. YKL-40 and t-tau concentrations correlate with each other and with the severity of clinically observed cognitive decline.Conclusions: YKL-40 is a sensitive and specific biomarker of early dementia and, to a lesser extent, of dementia progression, however, many comorbidities may influence its levels. In such conditions, less specific but still reliable t-tau may serve as an alternative marker. Obtained results did not confirm the diagnostic utility of amyloid biomarkers.

Hyperconnectivity of Self-Referential Network as a Predictive Biomarker of the Progression of Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 577-590
Author(s):  
Weina Yao ◽  
Haifeng Chen ◽  
Caimei Luo ◽  
Xiaoning Sheng ◽  
Hui Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Predictive Biomarker ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Pathological Characteristics ◽  
Csf Proteins ◽  
Cognitively Normal Subjects ◽  
T Tau ◽  
Early Mild Cognitive Impairment

Background: Self-referential processing is associated with the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins have become accepted biomarkers of AD. Objective: Our objective in this study was to focus on the relationships between the self-referential network (SRN) and CSF pathology in AD-spectrum patients. Methods: A total of 80 participants, including 20 cognitively normal, 20 early mild cognitive impairment (EMCI), 20 late MCI (LMCI), and 20 AD, were recruited for this study. Independent component analysis was used to explore the topological SRN patterns, and the abnormalities of this network were identified at different stages of AD. Finally, CSF pathological characteristics (i.e., CSF Aβ, t-tau, and p-tau) that affected the abnormalities of the SRN were further determined during the progression of AD. Results: Compared to cognitively normal subjects, AD-spectrum patients (i.e., EMCI, LMCI, and AD) showed a reversing trend toward an association between CSF pathological markers and the abnormal SRN occurring during the progression of AD. However, a certain disease state (i.e., the present LMCI) with a low concentration of CSF tau could evoke more hyperconnectivity of the SRN than other patients with progressively increasing concentrations of CSF tau (i.e., EMCI and AD), and this fluctuation of CSF tau was more sensitive to the hyperconnectivity of the SRN than the dynamic changes of CSF Aβ. Conclusion: The integrity of the SRN was closely associated with CSF pathological characteristics, and these findings support the view that the hyperconnectivity of the SRN will play an important role in monitoring the progression of the pre-dementia state to AD.

Confrontation naming does not add incremental diagnostic utility in MCI and Alzheimer's disease

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
JULIE A. TESTA ◽  
ROBERT J. IVNIK ◽  
BRADLEY BOEVE ◽  
RONALD C. PETERSEN ◽  
V. SHANE PANKRATZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Diagnostic Utility ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cognitively Normal Subjects

As the incidence of dementia increases, there is a growing need to determine the diagnostic utility of specific neuropsychological tests in the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, the relative utility of Boston Naming Test (BNT) in the diagnosis of AD was examined and compared to the diagnostic utility of other neuropsychological measures commonly used in the evaluation of AD. Individuals with AD (n = 306), Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI; n = 67), and cognitively normal subjects (n = 409) with at least 2 annual evaluations were included. Logistic regression analysis suggested that initial BNT impairment is associated with increased risk of subsequent AD diagnosis. However, this risk is significantly less than that imparted by measures of delayed recall impairments. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis suggested that BNT impairment imparted no additional risk for subsequent AD diagnosis after delayed recall impairments were included in the model. Although BNT impairment occurred in all severity groups, it was ubiquitous only in moderate to severe dementia. Collectively these results suggest that although BNT impairments become more common as AD progresses, they are neither necessary for the diagnosis of AD nor particularly useful in identifying early AD. (JINS, 2004, 10, 504–512.)

scholarly journals Alzheimer’s disease cerebrospinal fluid biomarker in cognitively normal subjects

Brain ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 138 (9) ◽  
pp. 2701-2715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon B. Toledo ◽  
Henrik Zetterberg ◽  
Argonde C. van Harten ◽  
Lidia Glodzik ◽  
Pablo Martinez-Lage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Cognitively Normal Subjects ◽  
Fluid Biomarker

scholarly journals P1-350: HIPPOCAMPAL INTRINSIC CONNECTIVITY SUPPORTS COGNITIVE RESERVE IN AMYLOID-POSITIVE COGNITIVELY NORMAL SUBJECTS AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE PATIENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. P384-P385
Author(s):  
Merle C. Hönig ◽  
Gerard N. Bischof ◽  
Isadora Lopes Alves ◽  
Mareike Ahlswede ◽  
Panagiotis Sakagiannis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Intrinsic Connectivity ◽  
Cognitively Normal Subjects

[P1-139]: PATHWAY-SPECIFIC GENETIC RISK SCORE ASSOCIATED WITH ALZHEIMER's DISEASE AND WHITE MATTER LESIONS IN COGNITIVELY NORMAL SUBJECTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (7S_Part_6) ◽  
pp. P295-P296
Author(s):  
Shahzad Ahmad ◽  
Christian Bannister ◽  
Sven J. van der Lee ◽  
Dina Vojinovic ◽  
Hieab H.H. Adams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Genetic Risk Score ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Cognitively Normal Subjects

The Correlation of Tau Levels with Blood Monocyte Count in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Hao-Lun Sun ◽  
Fa-Ying Zhou ◽  
Dong-Wan Chen ◽  
Cheng-Rong Tan ◽  
Gui-Hua Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Tau Protein ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Blood Monocyte ◽  
Monocyte Count ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
T Tau ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Age And Sex

Background: Recent studies have shown that monocytes can phagocytize the tau protein, which may ameliorate tau-type pathology in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, there are few clinical studies on the relationship between monocytes and tau-type pathology in AD patients. Objective: We aimed to explore changes in peripheral monocytes and their association with tau protein in AD patients. Methods: A total of 127 clinically diagnosed AD patients and 100 age- and sex-matched cognitively normal controls were recruited for analysis of the correlation of plasma tau levels with the blood monocyte count. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 46 AD patients and 88 controls were further collected to analyze the correlation of CSF tau and amyloid-β (Aβ) levels with the blood monocyte count. 105 clinically diagnosed mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients and 149 age- and sex-matched cognitively normal controls were recruited from another cohort for verification. Results: Compared to normal controls, AD patients showed a significant reduction in the blood monocyte count. In addition, the monocyte count of AD patients was negatively correlated with CSF t-tau and p-tau levels but not with plasma tau levels. In normal people, monocyte count lack correlation with tau levels both in plasma and CSF. Monocyte count were not correlated with CSF Aβ levels in either group but were negatively correlated with CSF tau/Aβ 42 levels in the AD group. We had further verified the correlations of monocyte count with CSF tau levels in another cohort. Conclusion: This study suggests that monocytes may play an important role in the clearance of tau protein in the brain.

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