scholarly journals Temporomandibular Joint Pathology of Wild Carnivores in the Western USA

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siobhan S. Rickert ◽  
Philip H. Kass ◽  
Frank J. M. Verstraete
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Polar Bear ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
Black Bear ◽  
Harbor Seal ◽  
Gray Wolf ◽  
American Black Bear ◽  
Kit Fox ◽  
Fur Seal ◽  
American Black

Skull specimens from: southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis), Eastern Pacific harbor seal (Phoca vitulina), California sea lion (Zalophus californianus), northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus), walrus (Odobenus rosmarus), polar bear (Ursus maritimus), North American brown bear (Ursus arctos), American black bear (Ursus americanus), California mountain lion (Puma concolor couguar), California bobcat (Lynx rufus californicus), gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), kit fox (Vulpes macrotis), and gray wolf (Canis lupus) (n = 5,011) were macroscopically examined for dental and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pathology. The presence of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA) varied across species: 4.1% of southern sea otter, 34.5% of harbor seal, 85.5% of California sea lion, 20% of northern fur seal, 60.5% of walrus, 9.2% of polar bear, 13.2% of North American brown bear, 50% of American black bear, 20.9% of California mountain lion, 0% of California bobcat and gray fox, 6.3% of kit fox, and 11.6% of gray wolf specimens had lesions consistent with TMJ-OA. TMJ-OA was significantly more prevalent in males than females in walrus, North American brown bear, polar bear, American black bear, and California mountain lion (p < 0.001, p = 0.005, p = 0.005, p = 0.002, and p = 0.004, respectively). No other species showed a sex predilection. Adult specimens were significantly more affected with TMJ-OA than young adults in the harbor seal, fur seal, walrus (all p < 0.001), and kit fox (p = 0.001). Gray wolf and American black bear young adults were significantly (p = 0.047 and p < 0.001) more affected by TMJ-OA than adults. Of the 13 species analyzed, only three species, namely the harbor seal, northern fur seal, and polar bear, had a significant increase in the prevalence of TMJ-OA if their teeth had attrition and abrasion (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p = 0.033, respectively). TMJ-OA can lead to morbidity and mortality in wild animals, but its etiology is not yet fully understood.

Composition of fat from a North American black bear

1943 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 159-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Rasmussen ◽  
P. W. Morgal ◽  
E. J. Miller
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Black Bear ◽  
American Black Bear ◽  
American Black

scholarly journals North American Mammals and the American Black Bear, Ursus Americanus

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-222
Author(s):  
Neal Wyatt ◽  
Ella L. Ingram ◽  
Kelly Myer Polacek
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Ursus Americanus ◽  
Black Bear ◽  
American Black Bear ◽  
American Black

Anaerobic oral flora in the North American Black bear (Ursus americanus) in eastern North Carolina

Anaerobe ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsburgh O. Clarke ◽  
Michael K. Stoskopf ◽  
Larry J. Minter ◽  
Elizabeth M. Stringer
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
North American ◽  
Ursus Americanus ◽  
Black Bear ◽  
Oral Flora ◽  
American Black Bear ◽  
The North ◽  
American Black ◽  
Eastern North Carolina

CRETINISM IN A NORTH AMERICAN BLACK BEAR(URSUS AMERICANUS)

2002 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. Duncan ◽  
Jeryl C. Jones ◽  
H. David Moll ◽  
Martha M. Moon ◽  
Dennis J. Blodgett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Ursus Americanus ◽  
Black Bear ◽  
American Black Bear ◽  
American Black

The identification of the fatty acids of the fat from a North American black bear

1948 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 416-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold M. Sell ◽  
Betty M. Taylor ◽  
Elroy J. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
North American ◽  
Black Bear ◽  
American Black Bear ◽  
American Black

scholarly journals Effects of Exposure on Genotyping Success Rates of Hair Samples from Brown and American Black Bears

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff B. Stetz ◽  
Tucker Seitz ◽  
Michael A. Sawaya
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Exposure ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
Black Bear ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Field Exposure ◽  
American Black Bear ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
American Black

Abstract Noninvasively collected hair samples have been used in numerous studies to answer questions about the demographic and genetic status and trends of wildlife populations. In particular, these methods are well-suited for researching and monitoring ursid populations, which are typically difficult to study because of their rare and cryptic nature. Recently, researchers have taken increasing advantage of natural bear behaviors to obtain hair samples for genetic analyses by conducting surveys of bear rubs (objects that bears rub against such as trees and power poles). The low quality and quantity DNA in noninvasively collected samples, however, can result in low genotyping success rates, which may be exacerbated by potentially lengthy duration of environmental exposure. We investigated the effects of environmental exposure (sunlight, moisture, and duration of exposure) on genotyping success rates of brown bear Ursus arctos and American black bear Ursus americanus hair samples. We exposed a total of 238 hair samples from one brown bear and one black bear to multiple treatments for either 30-d or 60-d, periods consistent with collection intervals of recent bear rub survey projects. Sample treatments consisted of full or dappled sunlight, kept dry or saturated with water one to two times daily. We genotyped each sample at three microsatellite loci commonly used in noninvasive genetic studies of bear populations. Our results were consistent with predictions, with all three factors significantly reducing genotyping success rates. Based on our results, we recommend that the specific conditions of field exposure be considered when selecting a suite of microsatellite markers for noninvasive genetic sampling projects, and that researchers carefully consider the duration and environmental conditions that hair samples will be exposed to when designing field studies. Limiting exposure to moisture and sunlight by collecting hairs from bear rubs at relatively short intervals and selecting dry and shaded sites should reduce DNA degradation and thus result in higher genotyping success rates.

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