scholarly journals Methodology to Assess Sustainable Mobility in LATAM Cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 9592
Author(s):  
José I. Huertas ◽  
Sonja Stöffler ◽  
Trinidad Fernández ◽  
Xanin García ◽  
Roberto Castañeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Web Map ◽  
Mobility Assessment ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Northeastern Mexico

As the first step toward implementing strategies to improve mobility in urban centers, governmental authorities must assess their present situation in order to identify the most effective actions that should be included in their short and long-term plans. However, there is not a well-established methodology to carry out such an assessment. The already existing ones are subjective, incomplete, costly, and hard to implement, especially for the case of Latin American (LATAM) countries. This paper proposes a comprehensive methodology to carry out this assessment. It uses recent advances in information technologies and includes the use of web map services, telematics data, and low-cost vehicle emission tests. As an example of application, a mobility assessment was carried out for Saltillo, a medium-sized city in northeastern Mexico, which is considered a typical city in LATAM countries. Results indicate that this methodology can be replicated at a low incremental cost and that it leads towards the identification of the most sustainable (economic, environmental, and social) actions that should be implemented in these cities considering their local circumstances.

scholarly journals Short- and long-term results of low cost trauma training in a low-income resource-poor country

MedEdPublish ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ninos Oussi ◽  
Mitra Sadeghi ◽  
Javeria S. Qureshi ◽  
Charles Mabedi ◽  
Peter Elbe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Poor Country ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Trauma Training ◽  
Resource Poor Country ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
Short And Long Term

scholarly journals Macrolevel Approaches to Improve the Availability of Complementary Foods

2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chessa K. Lutter
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Publicly Funded ◽  
Complementary Foods ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Large numbers of infants and young children suffer from the short- and long-term health effects of poor breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices. Strategies to improve the availability of and access to low-cost fortified complementary foods can play an important corresponding role to that of behavior change in improving nutritional status of young children. However, the nutritional quality of complementary foods used in publicly funded programs is not always optimal, and such programs are costly and reach only a tiny fraction of those who could benefit. To broadly reach the target population, such foods need to be commercially available at affordable prices and promoted in a way that generates demand for their purchase. A sensible long-term policy for the promotion of low-cost fortified complementary foods calls for attention to their nutritional formulations and cost, the economics of production, and the legislative, regulatory, and competitive framework in which marketing occurs. This paper provides information on how to improve the nutritional formulations of fortified complementary foods and outlines the necessary conditions for a market approach to their production and promotion.

scholarly journals Short- and long-term results of low cost trauma training in a low-income resource-poor country

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. S110
Author(s):  
N. Oussi ◽  
M. Sadeghi ◽  
J. Qureshi ◽  
C. Mabedi ◽  
P. Elbe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Poor Country ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Trauma Training ◽  
Resource Poor Country ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
Short And Long Term

Adaptive Anti-Disturbance Method for Magnetometer and INS Integration in a Road Vehicle

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (06) ◽  
pp. 1513-1532
Author(s):  
Zongkai Wu ◽  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Extend Kalman Filter ◽  
Inertial Navigation Systems ◽  
Road Vehicle ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Magnetic Disturbances

The integration of magnetometers and Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) is widely used in low-cost navigation systems. However, even if the system has been calibrated, random magnetic disturbances still appear in practical applications, which lead to large heading errors. To solve this problem, an adaptive anti-disturbance method to overcome random magnetic disturbance is proposed. First, disturbances are classified and analysed in detail based on actual road vehicle driving data. Then an Adaptive Robust Extend Kalman Filter (AREKF) is designed to resist sudden disturbances. However, an AREKF may accumulate errors slowly when a long-term disturbance exists. Considering this situation, this paper proposes that AREKF is used to maintain accuracy in the early stages, at the same time as the magnetometer is quickly calibrated with a Kalman filter. Then, the new magnetometer parameters are put into the AREKF to suppress long-term disturbances. Finally, cascading these two modules, not only the sudden disturbance can be overcome, but the situation of long-term disturbances can be suppressed. The results of simulation and an actual driving test show that the proposed method can effectively overcome random magnetic disturbances in both the short and long term.

scholarly journals Artificial mimicry of seasonal transcriptome dynamics in Arabidopsis thaliana reveals short- and long-term responses to environmental conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Kurita ◽  
Hironori Takimoto ◽  
Mari Kamitani ◽  
Yoichi Hashida ◽  
Makoto Kashima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Smart Growth ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Arabidopsis Halleri ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short And Long Term

Plants must respond to various environmental factors that change seasonally. In a previous study, seasonally oscillating genes were identified by a massive time-series transcriptome analysis in a wild population of Arabidopsis halleri ssp. gemmifera, a sister species of Arabidopsis thaliana. To analyze the function of these seasonally oscillating genes, we established an experimental system to mimic seasonal expression trends using A. thaliana. Arabidopsis thaliana plants were cultured under conditions that mimicked average monthly temperatures and daylengths in a "smart growth chamber mini," a hand-made low-cost small chamber. Under different short-term incubations, the seasonal trends of 1627 seasonally oscillating genes were mimicked. These seasonally oscillating genes had varying temporal responsiveness (constant, transient, and incremental). Our findings suggest that plants perceive and integrate information about environmental stimuli in the field by combining seasonally oscillating genes with temporal responsiveness.

Do Beaver Dam Analogues Really Mimic Beaver Dams?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherie Westbrook ◽  
David Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Scale Effects ◽  
Landscape Connectivity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Habitat Diversity ◽  
Beaver Dam ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
The Many ◽  
Beaver Dams

<p>Beavers profoundly alter streams by building dams. Beaver dams change how water, sediment, nutrients and energy flow through stream corridors enhancing both habitat diversity and landscape connectivity. Humans are captivated by learning from nature and trying to mimic it, especially in human-degraded environments. There is considerable eagerness for using beaver dam analogues (BDAs), also called simulated beaver structures, as low-tech, low cost solutions for restoring the functioning of degraded streams where beavers are not present and cannot survive. The use of BDAs in stream enhancement projects, especially in the western United States, is outpacing the research, leading to questions about whether BDAs do, in fact, yield similar ecosystem-scale effects as natural beaver dams. We review the different names used for BDAs, discuss the many ways these structures can be built and how different types function, and how they compare to real beaver dams. We conclude the talk by exploring what we can expect from various types of BDAs in the short and long term and whether these structures can lead to stream and riparian zone restoration that can facilitate the return of beavers. </p>

scholarly journals China’s Influence in Latin America in the Brazilian Case (2002-2018)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-407
Author(s):  
Charles Pennaforte ◽  
Nairana Karkow Bones
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Asian Country ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Structural Integration ◽  
Economic Improvement

In this paper the authors aim to establish the reasons that led the Chinese state to view Latin America as an important partner between 2002 and 2018 and try to analyse the development of Chinese presence in Latin America and its possible impacts and perspectives in the 21st century in Brazil. For that, both political and economic relations between China and Latin America’s countries, especially the relations between China and Brazil, and their development are examined by using a comparative and historical approach. This paper is divided in three sections. The first part characterizes the emergence of Asia as a prominent actor within the current world system and China’s participation as a major economic competitor from the 1980s. In the second section, the Chinese interest in Latin America and its importance is analysed. Finally, the influence of China in Brazil is exposed in the last section. In the conclusion, undoubtedly, the Asian country has a huge influence in areas where it conquers, especially in Latin America and Brazil, leading mainly investments and its products of both high technology and low cost. In the short term, countries that receive this type of investment see an increase in production and, consequently, an economic improvement due to the increase in the market and the consumption process. On the other hand, Latin American companies and industries do not have the technological capacity or, to a certain extent, a competitive advantage to compete with Chinese products in the long term, due to the stricter labour laws in American countries, compared to the Asian country. Hence, one of Brazil’s possible strategies for meeting the challenges of expanding relations with China is to invest in greater complementarity and structural integration of the region through MERCOSUR.

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