scholarly journals Compound Heterozygosity for OTOA Truncating Variant and Genomic Rearrangement Cause Autosomal Recessive Sensorineural Hearing Loss in an Italian Family

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-451
Author(s):  
Rocco Pio Ortore ◽  
Maria Pia Leone ◽  
Orazio Palumbo ◽  
Antonio Petracca ◽  
Eleonora M. C. Trecca ◽  
...  

Hearing loss (HL) affects 1–3 newborns per 1000 and, in industrialized countries, recognizes a genetic etiology in more than 80% of the congenital cases. Excluding GJB2 and GJB6, OTOA is one of the leading genes associated with autosomal recessive non-syndromic HL. Allelic heterogeneity linked to OTOA also includes genomic rearrangements facilitated by non-allelic homologous recombination with the neighboring OTOAP1 pseudogene. We present a couple of Italian siblings affected by moderate to severe sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) due to compound heterozygosity at the OTOA locus. Multigene panel next-generation sequencing identified the c.2223G>A, p.(Trp741*) variant transmitted from the unaffected mother. Assuming the existence of a second paternal deleterious variant which evaded detection at sequencing, genomic array analysis found a ~150 Kb microdeletion of paternal origin and spanning part of OTOA. Both deleterious alleles were identified for the first time. This study demonstrates the utility of an integrated approach to solve complex cases and allow appropriate management to affected individuals and at-risk relatives.

1999 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leanne Moynihan ◽  
Mark Houseman ◽  
Valerie Newton ◽  
Robert Mueller ◽  
Nicholas Lench

1997 ◽  
Vol 111 (11) ◽  
pp. 1072-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil D. Bateman ◽  
Ian J. M. Johnson ◽  
Kevin P. Gibbin

AbstractSusac's syndrome is extremely rare and is characterized by the clinical triad of encephalopathy, retinal artery occlusion and deafness. A case of this rare syndrome is presented and for the first time the fluctuating nature of the hearing loss is demonstrated. The site and nature of the hearing loss has been investigated. The value of neural hearing loss as a method of monitoring the clinical severity is discussed.


Author(s):  
Л.А. Кларов ◽  
К.Ю. Николаева ◽  
В.Г. Пшенникова ◽  
А.М. Чердонова ◽  
Ф.М. Терютин ◽  
...  

Мутации гена SLC26A4 могут приводить как к формированию аутосомно-рецессивной тугоухости 4 типа (DFNB4, OMIM #600791), так и к синдрому Пендреда (PDS, OMIM #274600), при котором нейросенсорная потеря слуха сочетается с дисфункцией щитовидной железы, клинически проявляющейся во второй декаде жизни. Обе формы могут сопровождаться специфическими аномалиями внутреннего уха: IP-I, IP-II (Mondini) и/или EVA. В Якутии аудиологическими, рентгенологическими и молекулярно-генетическими методами обследовано 165 пациентов с врожденным нарушением слуха. При компьютерной томографии пирамиды височных костей у 9 из 165 (5,5%) пациентов были обнаружены аномалии IP-I, IP-II (Mondini) и/или EVA. Методом прямого секвенирования по Сэнгеру у этих 9 пациентов было проведено определение нуклеотидной последовательности гена SLC26A4 (21 экзон). В гене SLC26A4 обнаружено 5 ранее известных вариантов, среди которых 4 варианта относились к миссенс-заменам: c.85G>C p.(Glu29Gln), c.441G>A p.(Met147Ile), c.757A>G p.(Ile253Val), c.2027T>A p.(Leu676Gln) и один вариант затрагивал донорный сайт сплайсинга - c.2089+1G>A (IVS18+1G>A). У 4-х из 9 пациентов патогенные варианты гена SLC26A4 обнаружены в гомозиготном или компаунд-гетерозиготном состоянии. Доля биаллельных мутаций гена SLС26A4 у пациентов с IP-I, IP-II (Mondini) и/или EVA составила 44,4%. Пациенты с биаллельными мутациями гена SLC26A4 имели тяжелые врожденные нарушения слуха (двусторонняя нейросенсорная тугоухость от III степени до глухоты), при этом доминирующим типом аномалий были IP-II (Mondini)+EVA (62,5%), аномалии IP-I не были выявлены ни у одного пациента. По совокупности полученных клинических и молекулярно-генетических данных у трех пациентов форма заболевания классифицирована как аутосомно-рецессивная тугоухость 4 типа (DFNB4), а у одной пациентки с двусторонней аномалией EVA, нейросенсорной тугоухостью III степени и узловым зобом (оперирован) подтвержден синдром Пендреда. Mutations in the SLC26A4 gene can lead to both the formation of autosomal recessive deafness type 4 (DFNB4, OMIM#600791), and to Pendred’s syndrome (PDS, OMIM#274600), in which sensorineural hearing loss is combined with thyroid dysfunction, with both forms can be accompanied by specific anomalies of the inner ear: IP-I, IP-II (Mondini) and/or EVA. Using audiological, radiological and molecular genetics methods, 165 patients with congenital hearing impairment in Yakutia were examined. Computed tomography revealed IP-I, IP-II (Mondini) and/or EVA abnormalities in 9 of 165 (5,5%) patients. Then, using direct Sanger sequencing in these 9 patients, the nucleotide sequence of the coding regions of the SLC26A4 gene (21 exons) was determined. In total, 5 previously known variants were found in the SLC26A4 gene, among which 4 variants were missense substitutions: c.85G>C p.(Glu29Gln), c.441G>A p.(Met147Ile), c.757A>G p.(Ile253Val), c.2027T>A p.(Leu676Gln) and one variant affected the splice donor site - c.2089+1G>A (IVS18+1G>A). In 4 out of 9 patients, pathogenic variants of the SLC26A4 gene were found in a homozygous or compound heterozygous state. The total contribution of biallelic mutations in the SLC26A4 gene among patients with inner ear anomalies was 44,4%. Patients with biallelic SLC26A4-mutations had several to profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. In patients with biallelic SLC26A4-mutations, the dominant type of anomaly was IP-II (Mondini)+EVA (62,5%), IP-I anomalies were not detected in any patient. In three patients we were able to confirm the diagnosis of DFNB4, and in one patient, due to the sum of phenotypic features (operated on for nodular goiter, autosomal recessive deafness with EVA), Pendred’s syndrome was diagnosed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6723
Author(s):  
Carla Fuster-García ◽  
Belén García-Bohórquez ◽  
Ana Rodríguez-Muñoz ◽  
Elena Aller ◽  
Teresa Jaijo ◽  
...  

Usher syndrome (USH) is an autosomal recessive syndromic ciliopathy characterized by sensorineural hearing loss, retinitis pigmentosa and, sometimes, vestibular dysfunction. There are three clinical types depending on the severity and age of onset of the symptoms; in addition, ten genes are reported to be causative of USH, and six more related to the disease. These genes encode proteins of a diverse nature, which interact and form a dynamic protein network called the “Usher interactome”. In the organ of Corti, the USH proteins are essential for the correct development and maintenance of the structure and cohesion of the stereocilia. In the retina, the USH protein network is principally located in the periciliary region of the photoreceptors, and plays an important role in the maintenance of the periciliary structure and the trafficking of molecules between the inner and the outer segments of photoreceptors. Even though some genes are clearly involved in the syndrome, others are controversial. Moreover, expression of some USH genes has been detected in other tissues, which could explain their involvement in additional mild comorbidities. In this paper, we review the genetics of Usher syndrome and the spectrum of mutations in USH genes. The aim is to identify possible mutation associations with the disease and provide an updated genotype–phenotype correlation.


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