Locus Coeruleus Optogenetic Modulation: Lessons Learned from Temporal Patterns

After reviewing seminal studies using optogenetics to interrogate the functional role of the locus coeruleus in behavior, we conclude that differences in firing rates and firing patterns of locus coeruleus neurons contribute to locus coeruleus nucleus heterogeneity by recruiting different output circuitry, and differentially modifying behavior. The outcomes initiated by different optogenetic input activation patterns and frequencies can have opposite consequences for behavior, activate different neurons in the same target structure, be supported by distinct adrenoceptors and vary with behavioral state.

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The Multi-Functional Role of Rice Paddy Area for Food and Water Sustainability – Lessons Learned from Korean Tradition

Alliance for Global Sustainability Bookseries - Sustainability in Food and Water ◽

10.1007/978-90-481-9914-3_33 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 335-341

Author(s):

Mooyoung Han ◽

Jaesoo Shim

Keyword(s):

Functional Role ◽

Rice Paddy ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Water Sustainability ◽

Paddy Area

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The functional role of monoanimergic and aminoacidergic mechanisms of the locus coeruleus in anxiety states of different aversive origins

Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine ◽

10.1007/bf00791170 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 115 (6) ◽

pp. 713-715

Author(s):

A. N. Talalaenko ◽

Yu. V. Stakhovskii ◽

B. A. Bogdanov ◽

Yu. V. Babii ◽

N. N. Perch

Keyword(s):

Locus Coeruleus ◽

Functional Role ◽

Anxiety States

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Endoglin Targeting: Lessons Learned and Questions That Remain

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22010147 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 147

Author(s):

Yingmiao Liu ◽

Madelon Paauwe ◽

Andrew B. Nixon ◽

Lukas J.A.C. Hawinkels

Keyword(s):

Cancer Patients ◽

Functional Role ◽

Transforming Growth Factor ◽

Neutralizing Antibody ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Poor Survival ◽

Cancer Models ◽

Preclinical Work ◽

Combined Data

Approximately 30 years ago, endoglin was identified as a transforming growth factor (TGF)-β coreceptor with a crucial role in developmental biology and tumor angiogenesis. Its selectively high expression on tumor vessels and its correlation with poor survival in cancer patients led to the exploration of endoglin as a therapeutic target for cancer. The endoglin neutralizing antibody TRC105 (Carotuximab®, Tracon Pharmaceuticals (San Diego, CA, USA) was subsequently tested in a wide variety of preclinical cancer models before being tested in phase I-III clinical studies in cancer patients as both a monotherapy and in combination with other chemotherapeutic and anti-angiogenic therapies. The combined data of these studies have revealed new insights into the role of endoglin in angiogenesis and its expression and functional role on other cells in the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we will summarize the preclinical work, clinical trials and biomarker studies of TRC105 and explore what these studies have enabled us to learn and what questions remain unanswered.

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