scholarly journals The Role of the Eph Receptor Family in Tumorigenesis

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Meg Anderton ◽  
Emma van der Meulen ◽  
Melissa J. Blumenthal ◽  
Georgia Schäfer
Keyword(s):  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Eph Receptors ◽  
Eph Receptor ◽  
Ephrin Ligands ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Receptor Family

The Eph receptor tyrosine kinase family, activated by binding to their cognate ephrin ligands, are important components of signalling pathways involved in animal development. More recently, they have received significant interest due to their involvement in oncogenesis. In most cases, their expression is altered, affecting the likes of cell proliferation and migration. Depending on the context, Eph receptors have the potential to act as both tumour promoters and suppressors in a number of cancers, such as breast cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, brain cancer and Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), the latter being intrinsically linked to EphA2 as this is the receptor used for endothelial cell entry by the Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). In addition, EphA2 deregulation is associated with KS, indicating that it has a dual role in this case. Associations between EphA2 sequence variation and KSHV infection/KS progression have been detected, but further work is required to formally establish the links between EphA2 signalling and KS oncogenesis. This review consolidates the available literature of the role of the Eph receptor family, and particularly EphA2, in tumorigenesis, with the aim to develop a better understanding of Eph signalling pathways for potential targeting in novel cancer therapies.

scholarly journals Eph receptors and zonation in the rat adrenal cortex

2008 ◽  
Vol 198 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline H Brennan ◽  
Alexandra Chittka ◽  
Stewart Barker ◽  
Gavin P Vinson
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Zona Glomerulosa ◽  
Eph Receptors ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Eph Receptor ◽  
Low Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
And Migration

Although the zonation of the adrenal cortex has a clear functional role, the mechanisms that maintain it remain largely conjectural. The concept that an outer proliferative layer gives rise to cells that migrate inwards, adopting sequentially the zona glomerulosa, fasciculata and reticularis phenotypes, has yet to be explained mechanistically. In other tissues, Eph receptor (EphR)/ephrin signalling provides a mechanism for cellular orientation and migration patterns. Real-time PCR and other methods were used to determine the possible role of Eph/ephrin systems in the rat adrenal. mRNA coding for several members of the EphR family was detected, but out of these, EphA2 provided the closest parallel to zonal organisation. In situ hybridisation showed that EphA2 mRNA and EphA protein were predominantly located in the zona glomerulosa. Its transcription closely reflected expected changes in the glomerulosa phenotype, thus it was increased after a low-sodium diet, but decreased by pretreatment with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril. It was also decreased by ACTH treatment, but unaffected by betamethasone. mRNA coding for ephrin A1, the major ligand for the EphA receptors, was also detected in the rat adrenal, though changes evoked by the various pretreatments did not clearly reflect the expected changes in zonal function. Because the maintenance of cellular zonation requires clear positional signals within the adrenal cortex, these data support a role for Eph forward and reverse signalling in the maintenance of adrenocortical zonation.

scholarly journals Eph receptors: the bridge linking host and virus

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
pp. 2355-2365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Wang ◽  
Xiang Zheng ◽  
Qiu Peng ◽  
Xuemei Zhang ◽  
Zailong Qin
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Cellular Membrane ◽  
Viral Envelope ◽  
Surface Glycoprotein ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Eph Receptors ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Eph Receptor ◽  
Ephrin Ligands ◽  
Receptor Family

AbstractEph (erythropoietin-producing hepatoma) receptors and Ephrin ligands constitute the largest subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), which were first discovered in tumors. Heretofore, Eph protein has been shown to be involved in various tumor biological behaviors including proliferation and progression. The occurrence of specific types of tumor is closely related to the virus infection. Virus entry is a complex process characterized by a series of events. The entry into target cells is an essential step for virus to cause diseases, which requires the fusion of the viral envelope and host cellular membrane mediated by viral glycoproteins and cellular receptors. Integrin molecules are well known as entry receptors for most herpes viruses. However, in recent years, Eph receptors and their Ephrin ligands have been reported to be involved in virus infections. The main mechanism may be the interaction between Eph receptors and conserved viral surface glycoprotein, such as the gH/gL or gB protein of the herpesviridae. This review focuses on the relationship between Eph receptor family and virus infection that summarize the processes of viruses such as EBV, KSHV, HCV, RRV, etc., infecting target cells through Eph receptors and activating its downstream signaling pathways resulting in malignancies. Finally, we discussed the perspectives to block virus infection, prevention, and treatment of viral-related tumors via Eph receptor family.

scholarly journals Role of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus C-Terminal LANA Chromosome Binding in Episome Persistence

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (9) ◽  
pp. 4326-4337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenna Kelley-Clarke ◽  
Erika De Leon-Vazquez ◽  
Katherine Slain ◽  
Andrew J. Barbera ◽  
Kenneth M. Kaye
Keyword(s):  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Chromosome Association ◽  
Mitotic Chromosomes ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma Associated Herpesvirus ◽  
Self Association ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma Associated Herpesvirus ◽  
Chromosome Binding

ABSTRACT Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) LANA is an 1,162-amino-acid protein that tethers terminal repeat (TR) DNA to mitotic chromosomes to mediate episome persistence in dividing cells. C-terminal LANA self-associates to bind TR DNA. LANA contains independent N- and C-terminal chromosome binding regions. N-terminal LANA binds histones H2A/H2B to attach to chromosomes, and this binding is essential for episome persistence. We now investigate the role of C-terminal chromosome binding in LANA function. Alanine substitutions for LANA residues 1068LKK1070 and 1125SHP1127 severely impaired chromosome binding but did not reduce the other C-terminal LANA functions of self-association or DNA binding. The 1068LKK1070 and 1125SHP1127 substitutions did not reduce LANA's inhibition of RB1-induced growth arrest, transactivation of the CDK2 promoter, or C-terminal LANA's inhibition of p53 activation of the BAX promoter. When N-terminal LANA was wild type, the 1068LKK1070 and 1125SHP1127 substitutions also did not reduce LANA chromosome association or episome persistence. However, when N-terminal LANA binding to chromosomes was modestly diminished, the substitutions in 1068LKK1070 and 1125SHP1127 dramatically reduced both LANA chromosome association and episome persistence. These data suggest a model in which N- and C-terminal LANA cooperatively associates with chromosomes to mediate full-length LANA chromosome binding and viral persistence.

scholarly journals WHAT IS THE ROLE OF HHV 8 IN ETIOPATHOGENESIS OF KAPOSI'S SARCOMA OCCURRED AFTER KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION?

1998 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. S149
Author(s):  
A. T??th ◽  
J. J??ray ◽  
D. G??r??g ◽  
K. Nagy ◽  
B. Szende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma

Reactivation and role of HHV-8 in Kaposi's sarcoma initiation

2001 ◽  
pp. 161-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Ensoli ◽  
Michael Stürzl ◽  
Paolo Monini
Keyword(s):  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma

Kaposi's Sarcoma in Young Patients Treated with Orthovoltage Irradiation and Having a Minimum Follow-Up of Forty-Six Years

2009 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Pergolizzi ◽  
Anna Santacaterina ◽  
Michele Gaeta ◽  
Alfredo Blandino
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Orthovoltage Radiotherapy

Purpose To describe the clinical outcome and to evaluate the role of orthovoltage radiotherapy in the treatment of young (less than 30 years old) Mediterranean men with Kaposi's sarcoma. Patients and methods We reviewed the records of 198 consecutive patients with Kaposi's sarcoma treated with orthovoltage radiation therapy at our department between January 1920 and December 1987. Result We found three young shepherds, aged less than 30 years, with an available follow-up ranging from 45 to 67 years. One patient died at the age of 84 years of chronic renal failure while suffering from cutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma; two patients are still alive with recurrent Kaposi's sarcoma. Conclusions We presume that an indolent form of Kaposi's sarcoma may occur in young men. This very indolent form can be controlled for the duration of the patient's life by judiciously applied radiation therapy.

scholarly journals Role of Host MicroRNAs in Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Pathogenesis

Viruses ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 4571-4580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiqiang Qin ◽  
Francesca Peruzzi ◽  
Krzysztof Reiss ◽  
Lu Dai
Keyword(s):  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma Associated Herpesvirus ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma Associated Herpesvirus
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