scholarly journals Bone Marrow Adipocytes: A Link between Obesity and Bone Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 364
Author(s):  
Michaela R. Reagan ◽  
Heather Fairfield ◽  
Clifford J. Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Bone Cancer ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Bone Marrow Niche ◽  
Open Research ◽  
Bone Marrow Adipocytes ◽  
Cancer Initiation ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Research Questions

Cancers that grow in the bone marrow are for most patients scary, painful, and incurable. These cancers are especially hard to treat due to the supportive microenvironment provided by the bone marrow niche in which they reside. New therapies designed to target tumor cells have extended the life expectancy for these patients, but better therapies are needed and new ideas for how to target these cancers are crucial. This need has led researchers to interrogate whether bone marrow adipocytes (BMAds), which increase in number and size during aging and in obesity, contribute to cancer initiation or progression within the bone marrow. Across the globe, the consensus in the field is a unified “yes”. However, how to target these adipocytes or the factors they produce and how BMAds interact with different tumor cells are open research questions. Herein, we review this research field, with the goal of accelerating research in the network of laboratories working in this area and attracting bright scientists with new perspectives and ideas to the field in order to bring about better therapies for patients with bone cancers.

scholarly journals When Computational Representation Meets Neuroscience: A Survey on Brain Encoding and Decoding

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Cao ◽  
Dandan Huang ◽  
Yue Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Language Models ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Artificial Intelligent ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Open Research ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Computational Representation

Real human language mechanisms and the artificial intelligent language processing methods are two independent systems. Exploring the relationship between the two can help develop human-like language models and is also beneficial to reveal the neuroscience of the reading brain. The flourishing research in this interdisciplinal research field calls for surveys to systemically study and analyze the recent successes. However, such a comprehensive review still cannot be found, which motivates our work. This article first briefly introduces the interdisciplinal research progress, then systematically discusses the task of brain decoding from the perspective of simple concepts and complete sentences, and also describes main limitations in this field and put forward with possible solutions. Finally, we conclude this survey with certain open research questions that will stimulate further studies.

scholarly journals The Lipid Side of Bone Marrow Adipocytes: How Tumor Cells Adapt and Survive in Bone

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan D. Diedrich ◽  
Mackenzie K. Herroon ◽  
Erandi Rajagurubandara ◽  
Izabela Podgorski
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Adipocytes

scholarly journals Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Treatment of Bone Metastases

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2944
Author(s):  
Jozef Ban ◽  
Valerie Fock ◽  
Dave N. T. Aryee ◽  
Heinrich Kovar
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Metastases ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Metastatic Tumor ◽  
Disease Outcome ◽  
Bone Marrow Niche ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Metastatic Process ◽  
Breast And Prostate Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Sites

Bone and bone marrow are among the most frequent metastatic sites of cancer. The occurrence of bone metastasis is frequently associated with a dismal disease outcome. The prevention and therapy of bone metastases is a priority in the treatment of cancer patients. However, current therapeutic options for patients with bone metastatic disease are limited in efficacy and associated with increased morbidity. Therefore, most current therapies are mainly palliative in nature. A better understanding of the underlying molecular pathways of the bone metastatic process is warranted to develop novel, well-tolerated and more successful treatments for a significant improvement of patients’ quality of life and disease outcome. In this review, we provide comparative mechanistic insights into the bone metastatic process of various solid tumors, including pediatric cancers. We also highlight current and innovative approaches to biologically targeted therapy and immunotherapy. In particular, we discuss the role of the bone marrow microenvironment in the attraction, homing, dormancy and outgrowth of metastatic tumor cells and the ensuing therapeutic implications. Multiple signaling pathways have been described to contribute to metastatic spread to the bone of specific cancer entities, with most knowledge derived from the study of breast and prostate cancer. However, it is likely that similar mechanisms are involved in different types of cancer, including multiple myeloma, primary bone sarcomas and neuroblastoma. The metastatic rate-limiting interaction of tumor cells with the various cellular and noncellular components of the bone-marrow niche provides attractive therapeutic targets, which are already partially exploited by novel promising immunotherapies.

scholarly journals Landscape of Bone Marrow Metastasis in Human Neuroblastoma Unraveled by Transcriptomics and Deep Multiplex Imaging

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 4311
Author(s):  
Daria Lazic ◽  
Florian Kromp ◽  
Fikret Rifatbegovic ◽  
Peter Repiscak ◽  
Michael Kirr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Involvement ◽  
Solid Cancer ◽  
Bone Marrow Niche ◽  
Single Cell Level ◽  
Bone Marrow Metastasis ◽  
Cell Level ◽  
Human Neuroblastoma

While the bone marrow attracts tumor cells in many solid cancers leading to poor outcome in affected patients, comprehensive analyses of bone marrow metastases have not been performed on a single-cell level. We here set out to capture tumor heterogeneity and unravel microenvironmental changes in neuroblastoma, a solid cancer with bone marrow involvement. To this end, we employed a multi-omics data mining approach to define a multiplex imaging panel and developed DeepFLEX, a pipeline for subsequent multiplex image analysis, whereby we constructed a single-cell atlas of over 35,000 disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) and cells of their microenvironment in the metastatic bone marrow niche. Further, we independently profiled the transcriptome of a cohort of 38 patients with and without bone marrow metastasis. Our results revealed vast diversity among DTCs and suggest that FAIM2 can act as a complementary marker to capture DTC heterogeneity. Importantly, we demonstrate that malignant bone marrow infiltration is associated with an inflammatory response and at the same time the presence of immuno-suppressive cell types, most prominently an immature neutrophil/granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor-like cell type. The presented findings indicate that metastatic tumor cells shape the bone marrow microenvironment, warranting deeper investigations of spatio-temporal dynamics at the single-cell level and their clinical relevance.

Disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow of breast cancer patients–Comparison of immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR

2006 ◽  
Vol 66 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Fehm ◽  
S Becker ◽  
MJ Banys ◽  
G Becker-Pergola ◽  
S Duerr-Stoerzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Disseminated Tumor Cells ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Rt Pcr
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