Efficient Catalytic Dehydration of High-Concentration 1-Butanol with Zn-Mn-Co Modified γ-Al2O3 in Jet Fuel Production

It is important to develop full-performance bio-jet fuel based on alternative feedstocks. The compound 1-butanol can be transformed into jet fuel through dehydration, oligomerization, and hydrogenation. In this study, a new catalyst consisting of Zn-Mn-Co modified γ-Al2O3 was used for the dehydration of high-concentration 1-butanol to butenes. The interactive effects of reaction temperature and butanol weight-hourly space velocity (WHSV) on butene yield were investigated with response surface methodology (RSM). Butene yield was enhanced when the temperature increased from 350 °C to 450 °C but it was reduced as WHSV increased from 1 h−1 to 4 h−1. Under the optimized conditions of 1.67 h−1 WHSV and 375 °C reaction temperature, the selectivity of butenes achieved 90%, and the conversion rate of 1-butanol reached 100%, which were 10% and 6% higher, respectively, than when using unmodified γ-Al2O3. The Zn-Mn-Co modified γ-Al2O3 exhibited high stability and a long lifetime of 180 h, while the unmodified γ-Al2O3 began to deactivate after 60 h. Characterization with X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption-desorption, pyridine temperature-programmed desorption (Py-TPD), pyridine adsorption IR spectra, and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), showed that the crystallinity and acid content of γ-Al2O3 were obviously enhanced by the modification with Zn-Mn-Co, and the loading amounts of zinc, manganese, and cobalt were 0.54%, 0.44%, and 0.23%, respectively. This study provides a new catalyst, and the results will be helpful for the further optimization of bio-jet fuel production with a high concentration of 1-butanol.

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Determination of the Matrix Element Vanadium in the Potassium Metavanadate by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.740.665 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 740 ◽

pp. 665-669

Author(s):

Yong Cheng ◽

Hui Xian Peng ◽

Jin Hong Yuan

Keyword(s):

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Atomic Emission ◽

Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽

Emission Spectrometry ◽

High Concentration ◽

Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

The Matrix ◽

Standard Solution

The potassium metavanadate samples were digested by hydrochloric acid and diluted with water to a constant volume, then the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used to directly determine the content of 10 to 45% matrix vanadium. The matrix effects, spectral interference, background noise and other interference factors in the high concentration of potassium ions coexistence system were all examined in the paper. The results showed that although the coexisting alkali metal potassium significantly increased the ICP flame, the 1g/L potassium standard solution did not produce peaks in the scanning window of analysis line which substantially coincide with the reagent blank signal line, i.e., the 28% (or 0.28g/L) potassium contained in the potassium metavanadate did not interfere with the determination. Therefore, only the standard solution of vanadium was used to draw a calibration curve without the need of potassium matrix matching. In order to obtain a wide linear range and improve the detection precision and the accuracy of the matrix element vanadium, the sample dilution ratio and ICP spectrometer detection parameters were optimized, and the suitable sensitivity spectral lines and their detection integral and background correction regional were selected, the detection signal intensity of the high concentration vanadium is effectively regulated moderate, the detection range is covered from 10 to 45%, which fully meet the need for determination of vanadium in the potassium metavanadate (qualified products containing 37% vanadium). The results also showed that the background equivalent concentration is less than 5 μg/L, the relative standard deviation (RSD) is less than 1.0%, the detection results consistent with the redox titration method. The method is simple and fast, accurate and reliable, the precision is high. The inspection cycle is 10 to 15 minutes, which is greatly shorter than the chemical titration that takes 2 to 3 hours, so that the method meet the requirements of fast-paced production site of the potassium metavanadate product quality inspection and control.

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Preparation and Characterization of Sg. Sayong Clay Material for Biocatalyst Immobilization

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.737.145 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 737 ◽

pp. 145-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Nurul Aini Edama ◽

Alawi Sulaiman ◽

Ku Halim Ku Hamid ◽

Miradatul Najwa Mohd Rodhi ◽

Mohibbah Musa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Nitrogen Adsorption ◽

Atomic Emission ◽

Wire Mesh ◽

Emission Spectrometry ◽

Clay Material ◽

Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽

X Ray ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Supporting Material

This study was conducted to characterize Sg. Sayong clay so that it can be applied as a supporting material for the immobilization of biocatalyst in the bioconversion of wastewater into biofuel. The clay sample was physically and chemically characterized using Nitrogen Adsorption, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The results obtained showed that the clay composed of SiO2 (57.4%), followed by Al2O3 (32.5%), K2O (4.9%), Fe2O3 (3.8%) and traces amount of Ca, Mg, Ma, and Ti. The results also showed the clay type was kaolinite with some presence of quartz, illite, montmorillonite and microcline. The clay was also successfully coated onto the wire-mesh and immobilized with biocatalyst for further bioconversion study.

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Preparation, characterization and dechlorination property of nano Pd-Ni/γ-Al2O3 bimetallic catalyst

Functional Materials Letters ◽

10.1142/s1793604719510032 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (06) ◽

pp. 1951003 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yu Zhang ◽

Yiyang Wang ◽

Yalong Liao ◽

Muyuan Guo ◽

Gongchu Shi

Keyword(s):

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Bimetallic Catalyst ◽

Average Particle Size ◽

Nitrogen Adsorption ◽

Precipitation Method ◽

Emission Spectrometry ◽

Average Particle ◽

Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽

X Ray

Nano Pd-Ni/[Formula: see text]-Al2O3 bimetallic catalyst was prepared by chemical precipitation method enhanced with ultrasonic wave. The influence of dosage of dispersant, ultrasonic intensity and mass ratio of Pd to Ni on the dechlorination property of the catalyst obtained was investigated in detail. The appearance morphology, composition and structure of the catalysts prepared were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and nitrogen adsorption, while the specific surface area was determined using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) isotherm and the chemical composition of active gradients was tested with inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Results indicate that the nano Pd-Ni/[Formula: see text]-Al2O3 bimetallic catalyst prepared has uniform distribution of active ingredients with an average particle size of 4.91[Formula: see text]nm, and the chlorine content of shellac dechlorinated with the catalyst obtained is 0.34[Formula: see text]wt.% which is lower than that reported in the literature, meaning the perfect dechlorination property of the catalyst.

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Determination of Heavy Metals in Water System of Beijing Urban Area and a Countermeasure to Remove them

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.579 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 448-453 ◽

pp. 579-582 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ya Ru Liu ◽

Hong Hong Yang ◽

Nan Hua Liu ◽

Jin Mei Nie ◽

Cheng Min Cui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Urban Area ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Copper Ion ◽

Water System ◽

Atomic Emission ◽

Emission Spectrometry ◽

High Concentration ◽

Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽

Inductively Coupled

In this study, water samples were collected randomly from water system of Beijing urban area and analysed by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) method to determine the contents of harmful heavy metals (Hg, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Sb, As and Pb). The concentrations of detected heavy metals were found between detection limit of the instrument to 387.196 mg/L. Among them, one sample gave a very high concentration of copper element. In order to get rid of this copper ion away, a chelating type fiber was used to treat the water sample. After treatment with chelating fiber, the concentration of copper was lowered to <10-5mg/L.

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Silicate analysis of carbonated rocks using ICP-AES with calibration by the concentration ratio

Industrial laboratory Diagnostics of materials ◽

10.26896/1028-6861-2020-86-5-16-21 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 86 (5) ◽

pp. 16-21

Author(s):

T. A. Karimova ◽

G. L. Buchbinder ◽

S. V. Kachin

Keyword(s):

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Concentration Ratio ◽

Total Error ◽

Atomic Emission ◽

Emission Spectrometry ◽

Calibration Error ◽

Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽

Standard Samples ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Carbonate Materials

Calibration by the concentration ratio provides better metrological characteristics compared to other calibration modes when using the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) for analysis of geological samples and technical materials on their base. The main reasons for the observed improvement are: i) elimination of the calibration error of measuring vessels and the error of weighing samples of the analyzed materials from the total error of the analysis; ii) high intensity of the lines of base element; and iii) higher accuracy of measuring the ratio of intensities compared to that of measuring the absolute intensities. Calcium oxide is better suited as a base when using calibration by the concentration ratio in analysis of carbonate rocks, technical materials, slags containing less than 20% SiO2 and more than 20% CaO. An equation is derived to calculate the content of components determined in carbonate materials when using calibration by the concentration ratio. A method of ICP-AES with calibration by the concentration ratio is developed for determination of CaO (in the range of contents 20 – 100%), SiO2 (2.0 – 35%), Al2O3 (0.1 – 30%), MgO (0.1 – 20%), Fe2O3 (0.5 – 40%), Na2O (0.1 – 15%), K2O (0.1 – 5%), P2O5 (0.001 – 2%), MnO (0.01 – 2%), TiO2 (0.01 – 2.0%) in various carbonate materials. Acid decomposition of the samples in closed vessels heated in a HotBlock 200 system is proposed. Correctness of the procedure is confirmed in analysis of standard samples of rocks. The developed procedure was used during the interlaboratory analysis of the standard sample of slag SH17 produced by ZAO ISO (Yekaterinburg, Russia).

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