Evolutionary Genetics and Biogeography of Galaxiid Fishes (Teleostei: Galaxiiformes: Galaxiidae)

AbstractInvasive organisms can have major impacts on the environment. Some invasive organisms are parthenogenetic in their invasive range and, therefore, exist as a number of asexual lineages (=clones). Determining the reproductive mode of invasive species has important implications for understanding the evolutionary genetics of such species, more especially, for management-relevant traits. The willow sawfly Nematus oligospilus Förster (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) has been introduced unintentionally into several countries in the Southern Hemisphere where it has subsequently become invasive. To assess the population expansion, reproductive mode and host-plant relationships of this insect, microsatellite markers were developed and applied to natural populations sampled from the native and expanded range, along with sequencing of the cytochrome-oxidase I mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) region. Other tenthredinids across a spectrum of taxonomic similarity to N. oligospilus and having a range of life strategies were also tested. Strict parthenogenesis was apparent within invasive N. oligospilus populations throughout the Southern Hemisphere, which comprised only a small number of genotypes. Sequences of mtDNA were identical for all individuals tested in the invasive range. The microsatellite markers were used successfully in several sawfly species, especially Nematus spp. and other genera of the Nematini tribe, with the degree of success inversely related to genetic divergence as estimated from COI sequences. The confirmation of parthenogenetic reproduction in N. oligospilus and the fact that it has a very limited pool of genotypes have important implications for understanding and managing this species and its biology, including in terms of phenotypic diversity, host relationships, implications for spread and future adaptive change. It would appear to be an excellent model study system for understanding evolution of invasive parthenogens that diverge without sexual reproduction and genetic recombination.

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Mass occurrence of hokkaidoconchid gastropods in the Upper Jurassic methane seep carbonate from Alexander Island, Antarctica

Antarctic Science ◽

10.1017/s0954102009001813 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 279-284 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Andrzej Kaim ◽

Simon R.A. Kelly

Keyword(s):

Southern Hemisphere ◽

Upper Jurassic ◽

High Latitudes ◽

Methane Seep ◽

Hydrocarbon Seep ◽

Gastropod Mollusc ◽

Widespread Distribution ◽

Mass Occurrence ◽

Seep Carbonate ◽

Specimen Number

AbstractThe Tithonian (Upper Jurassic) methane seep carbonate of the Gateway Pass Limestone Bed (Alexander Island, Antarctica) yields enormous numbers of the minute gastropod mollusc, Hokkaidoconcha hignalli sp. nov. together with an unidentified limpet gastropod and occasional protobranch and lucinid bivalves. This assemblage constitutes one of the most abundant (by means of the specimen number) records of Jurassic chemosynthesis-based communities. The gastropod family Hokkaidoconchidae is extremely common in Cretaceous hydrocarbon seep carbonates from Japan and is known also from Upper Jurassic/Cretaceous hydrocarbon seep carbonates in California. It is an extinct family closely related to modern seep and vent dwelling Provannidae. This is the first confirmed record of this family in the Southern Hemisphere, indicating its surprisingly early and widespread distribution reaching high latitudes.

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Southern Hemisphere Seti Survey: Five Years of Project Meta II

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100015153 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 161 ◽

pp. 611-621

Author(s):

Guillermo A. Lemarchand ◽

Fernando R. Colomb ◽

E. Eduardo Hurrell ◽

Juan Carlos Olalde

Keyword(s):

Southern Hemisphere ◽

Scattering Theory ◽

Galactic Plane ◽

Narrow Band ◽

Neutral Hydrogen ◽

Sky Survey ◽

Inertial Frames ◽

Interstellar Scattering ◽

Extraterrestrial Origin ◽

Spectral Channels

AbstractProject META II, a full sky survey for artificial narrow-band signals, has been conducted from one of the two 30-m radiotelescopes of the Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía (IAR). The search was performed near the 1420 Mhz line of neutral hydrogen, using a 8.4 million channels Fourier spectrometer of 0.05 Hz resolution and 400 kHz instantaneous bandwidth. The observing frequency was corrected both for motions with respect to three astronomical inertial frames, and for the effect of Earths rotation, which provides a characteristic changing signature for narrow-band signals of extraterrestrial origin. Among the 2 × 1013spectral channels analyzed, 29 extra-statistical narrow-band events were found, exceeding the average threshold of 1.7 × 10−23Wm−2. The strongest signals that survive culling for terrestrial interference lie in or near the galactic plane. A description of the project META II observing scheme and results is made as well as the possible interpretation of the results using the Cordes-Lazio-Sagan model based in interstellar scattering theory.

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Alpha-Effect, Current and Kinetic Helicities for Magnetically Driven Turbulence, and Solar Dynamo

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100064885 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 179 ◽

pp. 387-388

Author(s):

Gaetano Belvedere ◽

V. V. Pipin ◽

G. Rüdiger

Keyword(s):

Southern Hemisphere ◽

Northern Hemisphere ◽

Convection Zone ◽

Solar Surface ◽

Momentum Transport ◽

Angular Momentum Transport ◽

Magnetic Buoyancy ◽

Alpha Effect ◽

Current Helicity

Extended AbstractRecent numerical simulations lead to the result that turbulence is much more magnetically driven than believed. In particular the role ofmagnetic buoyancyappears quite important for the generation ofα-effect and angular momentum transport (Brandenburg & Schmitt 1998). We present results obtained for a turbulence field driven by a (given) Lorentz force in a non-stratified but rotating convection zone. The main result confirms the numerical findings of Brandenburg & Schmitt that in the northern hemisphere theα-effect and the kinetic helicityℋkin= 〈u′ · rotu′〉 are positive (and negative in the northern hemisphere), this being just opposite to what occurs for the current helicityℋcurr= 〈j′ ·B′〉, which is negative in the northern hemisphere (and positive in the southern hemisphere). There has been an increasing number of papers presenting observations of current helicity at the solar surface, all showing that it isnegativein the northern hemisphere and positive in the southern hemisphere (see Rüdigeret al. 2000, also for a review).

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The Hemispheric Sign Rule of Current Helicity during the Rising Phase of Cycle 23

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100064721 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 179 ◽

pp. 303-306

Author(s):

S. D. Bao ◽

G. X. Ai ◽

H. Q. Zhang

Keyword(s):

Solar Cycle ◽

Southern Hemisphere ◽

Northern Hemisphere ◽

Active Regions ◽

Hemispheric Preference ◽

Current Helicity

AbstractWe compute the signs of two different current helicity parameters (i.e., αbestandHc) for 87 active regions during the rise of cycle 23. The results indicate that 59% of the active regions in the northern hemisphere have negative αbestand 65% in the southern hemisphere have positive. This is consistent with that of the cycle 22. However, the helicity parameterHcshows a weaker opposite hemispheric preference in the new solar cycle. Possible reasons are discussed.

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Measurements of the Cape Astrometric Survey of the Southern Hemisphere

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100074534 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 48 ◽

pp. 515-521

Author(s):

W. Nicholson

Keyword(s):

Southern Hemisphere ◽

Automatic Measuring ◽

Measuring Machine ◽

Final Selection ◽

Selection Of

SummaryA routine has been developed for the processing of the 5820 plates of the survey. The plates are measured on the automatic measuring machine, GALAXY, and the measures are subsequently processed by computer, to edit and then refer them to the SAO catalogue. A start has been made on measuring the plates, but the final selection of stars to be made is still a matter for discussion.

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A Search for β Cephei Stars in the Southern Hemisphere - Results

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100073760 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 474-503 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Jerzykiewicz ◽

C. Sterken

Keyword(s):

Southern Hemisphere ◽

B Stars ◽

Search Program

In 1975 we started a photometric search program of examining for variability- the bright early B stars located south of -20° declination. The main purpose we had in mind was to look for hitherto undiscovered 6 Cephei variables. Therefore, we limited our program to objects spectroscopically similar to the B Cephei stars.

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RSCVn Stars in the Southern Hemisphere

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100073644 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 371-384 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J.B. Hearnshaw

Keyword(s):

Light Curve ◽

Southern Hemisphere ◽

Orbital Period ◽

Binary Stars ◽

Small Amplitude ◽

Light Variation ◽

Orbital Phase

RSCVn stars are fully detached binary stars which show intrinsic small amplitude (up to 0.3 amplitude peak-to-peak) light variations, as well as, in most of the known cases, eclipses. The spectra are F to G, IV to V for the hotter component and usually KOIV for the cooler. They are also characterised by abnormally strong H and K emission from the cooler star, or, occasionally, from both components. The orbital and light curve periods are in the range 1 day to 2 weeks. An interesting feature is the migration of the light variations to earlier orbital phase, as the light variation period is shorter than the orbital period by a few parts in 10+4to a few parts in 10+3.

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