scholarly journals Information Thermodynamics for Time Series of Signal-Response Models

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Auconi ◽  
Andrea Giansanti ◽  
Edda Klipp
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Response Model ◽  
Stochastic Dynamical Systems ◽  
Response Models ◽  
Causal Representation ◽  
Conditional Time ◽  
Linear Signal ◽  
Signal Response ◽  
Signaling Efficiency ◽  
Time Series Irreversibility

The entropy production in stochastic dynamical systems is linked to the structure of their causal representation in terms of Bayesian networks. Such a connection was formalized for bipartite (or multipartite) systems with an integral fluctuation theorem in [Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 180603 (2013)]. Here we introduce the information thermodynamics for time series, that are non-bipartite in general, and we show that the link between irreversibility and information can only result from an incomplete causal representation. In particular, we consider a backward transfer entropy lower bound to the conditional time series irreversibility that is induced by the absence of feedback in signal-response models. We study such a relation in a linear signal-response model providing analytical solutions, and in a nonlinear biological model of receptor-ligand systems where the time series irreversibility measures the signaling efficiency.

scholarly journals Extreme Response Style: A Simulation Study Comparison of Three Multidimensional Item Response Models

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian C. Leventhal
Keyword(s):  
Item Response ◽  
Partial Credit Model ◽  
Response Model ◽  
Multidimensional Item Response ◽  
Generalized Partial Credit Model ◽  
Response Models ◽  
Item Response Models ◽  
Nominal Response Model ◽  
Extreme Response ◽  
Generalized Partial Credit

Several multidimensional item response models have been proposed for survey responses affected by response styles. Through simulation, this study compares three models designed to account for extreme response tendencies: the IRTree Model, the multidimensional nominal response model, and the modified generalized partial credit model. The modified generalized partial credit model results in the lowest item mean squared error (MSE) across simulation conditions of sample size (500, 1,000), survey length (10, 20), and number of response options (4, 6). The multidimensional nominal response model is equally suitable for surveys measuring one substantive trait using responses to 10 four-option, forced-choice Likert-type items. Based on data validation, comparison of item MSE, and posterior predictive model checking, the IRTree Model is hypothesized to account for additional sources of construct-irrelevant variance.

Modeling Sales-Advertising Relationships: An Integrated Time Series–Econometric Approach

1983 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Leone
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Multivariate Time Series ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Response Models ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
Sales Response ◽  
Integrated Time Series ◽  
Econometric Approach

Since Palda's pioneering work investigating the dynamic relationship between sales and advertising, the marketing literature has contained many articles on the topic of sales response model building. Until recently, most of these articles have reported the construction of econometric models based on time series data. Recent applications of multivariate time series extensions of the work by Box and Jenkins have shown the usefulness of this methodology in building sales response models. The author discusses the distinctions between the econometric and time series approaches and, through a multivariate time series analysis, explores the competitive environment of an industry in which advertising is the main source of competition.

Market Response Models: Econometric and Time Series Analysis

1991 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Dick R. Wittink ◽  
Dominique M. Hanssens ◽  
Leonard J. Parsons ◽  
Randall L. Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Market Response ◽  
Response Models ◽  
Series Analysis

scholarly journals Pharmacodynamic effect of bempedoic acid and statin combinations: predictions from a dose–response model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyawan B Jadhav ◽  
Ryan L Crass ◽  
Sunny Chapel ◽  
Michael Kerschnitzki ◽  
William J Sasiela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Lipid Lowering Therapy ◽  
Response Model ◽  
Atp Citrate Lyase ◽  
Pharmacodynamic Interaction ◽  
Response Models ◽  
Statin Dose

Abstract Aims Many patients are unable to achieve guideline-recommended LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) targets, despite taking maximally tolerated lipid-lowering therapy. Bempedoic acid, a competitive inhibitor of ATP citrate lyase, significantly lowers LDL-C with or without background statin therapy in diverse populations. Because pharmacodynamic interaction between statins and bempedoic acid is complex, a dose–response model was developed to predict LDL-C pharmacodynamics following administration of statins combined with bempedoic acid. Methods and results Bempedoic acid and statin dosing and LDL-C data were pooled from 14 phase 1–3 clinical studies. Dose–response models were developed for bempedoic acid monotherapy and bempedoic acid–statin combinations using previously published statin parameters. Simulations were performed using these models to predict change in LDL-C levels following treatment with bempedoic acid combined with clinically relevant doses of atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, simvastatin, and pravastatin. Dose–response models predicted that combining bempedoic acid with the lowest statin dose of commonly used statins would achieve a similar degree of LDL-C lowering as quadrupling that statin dose; for example, the predicted LDL-C lowering was 54% with atorvastatin 80 mg compared with 54% with atorvastatin 20 mg + bempedoic acid 180 mg, and 42% with simvastatin 40 mg compared with 46% with simvastatin 10 mg + bempedoic acid 180 mg. Conclusion These findings suggest bempedoic acid combined with lower statin doses offers similar LDL-C lowering compared with statin monotherapy at higher doses, potentially sparing patients requiring additional lipid-lowering therapies from the adverse events associated with higher statin doses.

scholarly journals A ready-to-use dose-response model of Campylobacter jejuni implemented in the FSKX-standard

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther M. Sundermann ◽  
Maarten Nauta ◽  
Arno Swart
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Response Model ◽  
Response Models ◽  
Model Parameter ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
Executable Model

Dose-response models are an important part of quantitative microbiological risk assessments. In this paper, we present a transparent and ready-to-use version of a published dose-response model that estimates the probability of infection and illness after the consumption of a meal that is contaminated with the pathogen Campylobacter jejuni. To this end, model and metadata are implemented in the fskx-standard. The model parameter values are based on data from a set of different studies on the infectivity and pathogenicity of Campylobacter jejuni. Both, challenge studies and outbreaks are considered, users can decide which of these is most suitable for their purpose. We present examples of results for typical ingested doses and demonstrate the utility of our ready-to-use model re-implementation by supplying an executable model embedded in this manuscript.

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