scholarly journals Online Modeling of a Fuel Cell System for an Energy Management Strategy Design

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Kandidayeni ◽  
Alvaro Macias ◽  
Loïc Boulon ◽  
João Pedro F. Trovão
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicle ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Initial Values

An energy management strategy (EMS) efficiently splits the power among different sources in a hybrid fuel cell vehicle (HFCV). Most of the existing EMSs are based on static maps while a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has time-varying characteristics, which can cause mismanagement in the operation of a HFCV. This paper proposes a framework for the online parameters identification of a PMEFC model while the vehicle is under operation. This identification process can be conveniently integrated into an EMS loop, regardless of the EMS type. To do so, Kalman filter (KF) is utilized to extract the parameters of a PEMFC model online. Unlike the other similar papers, special attention is given to the initialization of KF in this work. In this regard, an optimization algorithm, shuffled frog-leaping algorithm (SFLA), is employed for the initialization of the KF. The SFLA is first used offline to find the right initial values for the PEMFC model parameters using the available polarization curve. Subsequently, it tunes the covariance matrices of the KF by utilizing the initial values obtained from the first step. Finally, the tuned KF is employed online to update the parameters. The ultimate results show good accuracy and convergence improvement in the PEMFC characteristics estimation.

Optimal energy management of a fuel cell-battery-supercapacitor-powered hybrid tramway using a multi-objective approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (5) ◽  
pp. 511-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Zhang ◽  
Jibin Yang ◽  
Jiye Zhang ◽  
Pengyun Song ◽  
Ming Li
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Optimal Energy ◽  
Optimal Energy Management ◽  
Fuel Costs

Achieving an optimal operating cost is a challenge for the development of hybrid tramways. In the past few years, in addition to fuel costs, the lifespan of the power source is being increasingly considered as an important factor that influences the operating cost of a tramway. In this work, an optimal energy management strategy based on a multi-mode strategy and optimisation algorithm is described for a high-power fuel cell hybrid tramway. The objective of optimisation is to decrease the operating costs under the conditions of guaranteeing tramway performance. Besides the fuel costs, the replacement cost and initial investment of all power units are also considered in the cost model, which is expressed in economic terms. Using two optimisation algorithms, a multi-population genetic algorithm and an artificial fish swarm algorithm, the hybrid system's power targets for the energy management strategy were acquired using the multi-objective optimisation. The selected case study includes a low-floor light rail vehicle, and experimental validations were performed using a hardware-in-the-loop workbench. The results testify that an optimised energy management strategy can fulfil the operational requirements, reduce the daily operation costs and improve the efficiency of the fuel cell system for a hybrid tramway.

scholarly journals An Efficient and Cost-Effective Power Scheduling in Zero-Emission Ferry Ships

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin Letafat ◽  
Mehdi Rafiei ◽  
Masoud Ardeshiri ◽  
Morteza Sheikh ◽  
Mohsen Banaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Software Environment ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Battery Bank

Today’s remarkable challenge of maritime transportation industry is the detrimental contamination generation from fossil fuels. To tackle such a challenge and reduce the contribution into air pollution, different power solutions have been considered; among others, hybrid energy-based solutions are powering many ferry boats. This paper introduces an energy management strategy (EMS) for a hybrid energy system (HES) of a ferry boat with the goal to optimize the performance and reduce the operation cost. HES considered for the ferry boat consists of different devices such as proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), LI-ION battery bank, and cold ironing (CI). PEMFC systems are appropriate to employ as they are not polluting. The battery bank compensates for the abrupt variations of the load as the fuel cell has a slow dynamic against sudden changes of the load. Also, CI systems can improve the reduction of the expenses of energy management, during hours where the ferry boat is located at the harbor. To study the performance, cost and the pollution contribution CO2, NOX, SOX of the proposed hybrid energy management strategy (HEMS), we compare it against three various types of HEM from the state-of-the-art and also available rule-based methods in the literature. The analysis results show a high applicability of the proposed HES. All results in this paper have been obtained in the MATLAB software environment.

Adaptive Equivalent Factors of Multi-Objective Energy Management for Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Ma ◽  
Jian Chen ◽  
Junmin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Fuel Cell System ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Equivalent Factor

Abstract In this paper, a multi-objective energy management strategy with an adaptive equivalent factor is proposed to improve the fuel economy, system durability, and charge-sustenance performance of fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles. Firstly, the total hydrogen consumption and degradation cost of power sources can be calculated by flexible empirical models. Then, the multi-objective optimization problem can be transformed into an objective function, which can be solved by quadratic programming to improve the real-time performance. Furthermore, an adaptive Unscented Kalman filter is designed to estimate the aging state of the fuel cell system. The equivalent factor in the objective function can be adaptively updated by the estimated aging state, which can balance the conflict between the fuel economy and the system durability while keeping the state-of-charge in an ideal range. Finally, simulation results show that when the fuel cell system is obviously damaged during the operation, the proposed energy management strategy still can minimize the total cost and maintain the charge-sustenance performance under different driving cycles compared with other methods.

Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of an Optimized Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell System

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Outeiro ◽  
R. Chibante ◽  
A. S. Carvalho ◽  
A. T. de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Sustainable Energy System

Hydrogen and fuel cells are widely regarded as the key to energy solutions for the 21st century. These technologies will contribute significantly to a reduction in environmental impact, enhanced energy security and development of new energy industries. Fuel cells operating with hydrogen have the potential to contribute to the transition for a future sustainable energy system with low-CO2 emissions. In this paper a dynamic PEM fuel cell model, implemented in Matlab/Simulink, is presented. In order to estimate the PEM fuel cell model parameters, an optimization based approach is used. The optimization is carried out using the Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm. This optimization process evolves converging to a minimum of the objective function. The flexibility and robustness of SA as a global search method are extremely important advantages of this method. A good agreement between experimental and simulated results is observed. This optimized PEM fuel cell model can significantly help designers of fuel cell systems by providing a tool to perform accurate design and consequently to improve system efficiency.

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