scholarly journals Hydrogen Fuel Cell Road Vehicles and Their Infrastructure: An Option towards an Environmentally Friendly Energy Transition

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 6132
Author(s):  
Olivier Bethoux
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Renewable Energies ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicle ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cell ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Heavy Load

The latest pre-production vehicles on the market show that the major technical challenges posed by integrating a fuel cell system (FCS) within a vehicle—compactness, safety, autonomy, reliability, cold starting—have been met. Regarding the ongoing maturity of fuel cell systems dedicated to road transport, the present article examines the advances still needed to move from a functional but niche product to a mainstream consumer product. It seeks to address difficulties not covered by more traditional innovation approaches. At least in long-distance heavy-duty vehicles, fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) are going to play a key role in the path to zero-emissions in one or two decades. Hence the present study also addresses the structuring elements of the complete chain: the latter includes the production, storage and distribution of hydrogen. Green hydrogen appears to be one of the potential uses of renewable energies. The greener the electricity is, the greater the advantage for hydrogen since it permits to economically store large energy quantities on seasonal rhythms. Moreover, natural hydrogen might also become an economic reality pushing the fuel cell vehicle to be a competitive and environmentally friendly alternative to the battery electric vehicle. Based on its own functional benefits for on board systems, hydrogen in combination with the fuel cell will achieve a large-scale use of hydrogen in road transport, as soon as renewable energies become more widespread. Its market will expand from large driving range and heavy load vehicles.

scholarly journals Hydrogen Fuel Cell Road Vehicles: State of the Art and Perspectives

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Bethoux
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicle ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicles ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cell ◽  
Niche Markets ◽  
Long Distance

Driven by a small number of niche markets and several decades of application research, fuel cell systems (FCS) are gradually reaching maturity, to the point where many players are questioning the interest and intensity of its deployment in the transport sector in general. This article aims to shed light on this debate from the road transport perspective. It focuses on the description of the fuel cell vehicle (FCV) in order to understand its assets, limitations and current paths of progress. These vehicles are basically hybrid systems combining a fuel cell and a lithium-ion battery, and different architectures are emerging among manufacturers, who adopt very different levels of hybridization. The main opportunity of Fuel Cell Vehicles is clearly their design versatility based on the decoupling of the choice of the number of Fuel Cell modules and hydrogen tanks. This enables manufacturers to meet various specifications using standard products. Upcoming developments will be in line with the crucial advantage of Fuel Cell Vehicles: intensive use in terms of driving range and load capacity. Over the next few decades, long-distance heavy-duty vehicles and fleets of taxis or delivery vehicles will develop based on range extender or mild hybrid architectures and enable the hydrogen sector to mature the technology from niche markets to a large-scale market.

Cathode Pressure Modeling of the Buckeye Bullet II 540 kW Hydrogen Fuel Cell System

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Hillstrom ◽  
Marcello Canova ◽  
Yann Guezennec ◽  
Giorgio Rizzoni
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicle ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cell ◽  
Fuel Cell System ◽  
Pressure Dynamics

This paper applies a well published control level model for fuel cell system dynamics to the unique fuel cell system of the world’s fastest fuel cell vehicle, the Buckeye Bullet 2. The goal is to develop a system model to predict the pressure dynamics of the cathode system so the cathode can be operated at maximum allowable pressure to provide maximum performance. The details of how the model must be modified to fit the unique fuel cell system are provided. The results of the initial implementation show several shortcomings when the published model is implemented. The largest problems are found to be with how the model treats the liquid product water that is generated. For this reason, modifications are implemented to attempt to improve the correlation between the model and collected data. The results show partial improvements in 3 areas of performance, indicating that more accurate dynamic models are needed to fully characterize the phenomena. Further model development and testing are planned based on the initial results.

scholarly journals Future Power Train Solutions for Long-Haul Trucks

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2225
Author(s):  
Ralf Peters ◽  
Janos Lucian Breuer ◽  
Maximilian Decker ◽  
Thomas Grube ◽  
Martin Robinius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

Achieving the CO2 reduction targets for 2050 requires extensive measures being undertaken in all sectors. In contrast to energy generation, the transport sector has not yet been able to achieve a substantive reduction in CO2 emissions. Measures for the ever more pressing reduction in CO2 emissions from transportation include the increased use of electric vehicles powered by batteries or fuel cells. The use of fuel cells requires the production of hydrogen and the establishment of a corresponding hydrogen production system and associated infrastructure. Synthetic fuels made using carbon dioxide and sustainably-produced hydrogen can be used in the existing infrastructure and will reach the extant vehicle fleet in the medium term. All three options require a major expansion of the generation capacities for renewable electricity. Moreover, various options for road freight transport with light duty vehicles (LDVs) and heavy duty vehicles (HDVs) are analyzed and compared. In addition to efficiency throughout the entire value chain, well-to-wheel efficiency and also other aspects play an important role in this comparison. These include: (a) the possibility of large-scale energy storage in the sense of so-called ‘sector coupling’, which is offered only by hydrogen and synthetic energy sources; (b) the use of the existing fueling station infrastructure and the applicability of the new technology on the existing fleet; (c) fulfilling the power and range requirements of the long-distance road transport.

How early hydrogen fuel cell vehicle adopters geographically evaluate a network of refueling stations in California

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 102897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Kelley ◽  
Aimee Krafft ◽  
Michael Kuby ◽  
Oscar Lopez ◽  
Rhian Stotts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicle ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel

scholarly journals Lightweighting of a Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle Whilst Meeting Urban Accident Criteria

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 464-475
Author(s):  
O. Grimes ◽  
C. Bastien ◽  
J. Christensen ◽  
N. Rawlins ◽  
W. Hammond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicle ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel

A systematic review of life cycle assessment of hydrogen for road transport use

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dyah Ika Rinawati ◽  
Alexander Ryota Keeley ◽  
Shutaro Takeda ◽  
Shunsuke Managi
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicle ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Hybrid Lca ◽  
Complete Life Cycle

Abstract This study conducted a systematic literature review of the technical aspects and methodological choices in life cycle assessment (LCA) studies of using hydrogen for road transport. More than 70 scientific papers published during 2000–2021 were reviewed, in which more than 350 case studies of use of hydrogen in the automotive sector were found. Only some studies used hybrid LCA and energetic input-output LCA, whereas most studies addressed attributional process-based LCA. A categorization based on the life cycle scope distinguished case studies that addressed the well-to-tank (WTT), well-to-wheel (WTW), and complete life cycle approaches. Furthermore, based on the hydrogen production process, these case studies were classified into four categories: thermochemical, electrochemical, thermal-electrochemical, and biochemical. Moreover, based on the hydrogen production site, the case studies were classified as centralized, on-site, and on-board. The fuel cell vehicle passenger car was the most commonly used vehicle. The functional unit for the WTT studies was mostly mass or energy, and vehicle distance for the WTW and complete life cycle studies. Global warming potential (GWP) and energy consumption were the most influential categories. Apart from the GREET (Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation) model and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for assessing the GWP, the Centrum voor Milieukunde Leiden method was most widely used in other impact categories. Most of the articles under review were comparative LCA studies on different hydrogen pathways and powertrains. The findings provide baseline data not only for large-scale applications, but also for improving the efficiency of hydrogen use in road transport.

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