scholarly journals Future Power Train Solutions for Long-Haul Trucks

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2225
Author(s):  
Ralf Peters ◽  
Janos Lucian Breuer ◽  
Maximilian Decker ◽  
Thomas Grube ◽  
Martin Robinius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

Achieving the CO2 reduction targets for 2050 requires extensive measures being undertaken in all sectors. In contrast to energy generation, the transport sector has not yet been able to achieve a substantive reduction in CO2 emissions. Measures for the ever more pressing reduction in CO2 emissions from transportation include the increased use of electric vehicles powered by batteries or fuel cells. The use of fuel cells requires the production of hydrogen and the establishment of a corresponding hydrogen production system and associated infrastructure. Synthetic fuels made using carbon dioxide and sustainably-produced hydrogen can be used in the existing infrastructure and will reach the extant vehicle fleet in the medium term. All three options require a major expansion of the generation capacities for renewable electricity. Moreover, various options for road freight transport with light duty vehicles (LDVs) and heavy duty vehicles (HDVs) are analyzed and compared. In addition to efficiency throughout the entire value chain, well-to-wheel efficiency and also other aspects play an important role in this comparison. These include: (a) the possibility of large-scale energy storage in the sense of so-called ‘sector coupling’, which is offered only by hydrogen and synthetic energy sources; (b) the use of the existing fueling station infrastructure and the applicability of the new technology on the existing fleet; (c) fulfilling the power and range requirements of the long-distance road transport.

scholarly journals Reducing China’s road transport sector CO2 emissions to 2050: Technologies, costs and decomposition analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 905-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Gambhir ◽  
Lawrence K.C. Tse ◽  
Danlu Tong ◽  
Ricardo Martinez-Botas
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Sector

scholarly journals Hydrogen Fuel Cell Road Vehicles: State of the Art and Perspectives

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Bethoux
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicle ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicles ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cell ◽  
Niche Markets ◽  
Long Distance

Driven by a small number of niche markets and several decades of application research, fuel cell systems (FCS) are gradually reaching maturity, to the point where many players are questioning the interest and intensity of its deployment in the transport sector in general. This article aims to shed light on this debate from the road transport perspective. It focuses on the description of the fuel cell vehicle (FCV) in order to understand its assets, limitations and current paths of progress. These vehicles are basically hybrid systems combining a fuel cell and a lithium-ion battery, and different architectures are emerging among manufacturers, who adopt very different levels of hybridization. The main opportunity of Fuel Cell Vehicles is clearly their design versatility based on the decoupling of the choice of the number of Fuel Cell modules and hydrogen tanks. This enables manufacturers to meet various specifications using standard products. Upcoming developments will be in line with the crucial advantage of Fuel Cell Vehicles: intensive use in terms of driving range and load capacity. Over the next few decades, long-distance heavy-duty vehicles and fleets of taxis or delivery vehicles will develop based on range extender or mild hybrid architectures and enable the hydrogen sector to mature the technology from niche markets to a large-scale market.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing CO2 Emissions and Strategies for Emissions Reduction in Malaysian Transportation Sector

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.35) ◽  
pp. 823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustapa S.I ◽  
Bekhet H.A
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
The Impact

The rapid urbanisation and economic growth has led to unprecedented increase in CO2 emissions, which led to a vital global issue due partly to the rise in demand from the transport sector. In the years ahead, the transport services demand is likely to increase further, which lead to intensification in CO2 emissions as well. The transportation sector in Malaysia contributes for about 28% of total CO2 emissions, of which 85% of it goes to road transportation mode. This has led to a great interest in how the CO2 emissions in this sector can effectively be reduced. Using a multiple regression model and datasets from 1990 to 2015, this study aimed to examine factors that influence the CO2 emissions in Malaysia. Key factors of CO2 emissions, i.e., fuel consumption (FC), distance travel (DT), fuel efficiency (FE), and fuel price (FP) were investigated for the road transport sector. The findings demonstrated that the impact of factors on CO2 emissions were varies in each technology vehicles. These findings not only contributes to enhancing the current literature, but also provide insights for policy maker in Malaysia to design policy instruments for road transport sector.

scholarly journals Low-carbon innovation policy with the use of biorenewables in the transport sector until 2030

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Csaba Fogarassy ◽  
Bálint Horváth ◽  
Linda Szőke ◽  
Attila Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Climate Policy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Planning Period

The topic of the present study deals with the changes and future trends of the European Union’s climate policy. In addition, it studies the manner in which Hungary’s transport sector contributes to the success of the above. The general opinion of Hungarian climate policy is that the country has no need of any substantial climate policy measures, since it will be able to reach its emission reduction targets anyway. This is mostly true, because the basis year for the long term goals is around the middle/end of the 1980’s, when Hungary’s pollution indices were entirely different than today due to former large-scale industrial production. With the termination of these inefficient energy systems, Hungary has basically been “performing well” since the change in political system without taking any specific steps in the interest of doing so. The analysis of the commitments for the 2020-2030 climate policy planning period, which defined emissions commitments compared to 2005 GHG emissions levels, has also garnered similar political reactions in recent years. Thus, it is not the issue of decreasing GHG emissions but the degree to which possible emissions can be increased stemming from the conditions and characteristics of economic growth that is important from the aspect of economic policy. In 2005, the Hungarian transport sector’s emissions amounted to 11 million tons, which is equal to 1.2% of total EU emissions, meaning it does not significantly influence total transport emissions. However, the stakes are still high for developing a low GHG emission transport system, since that will decide whether Hungary can avoid those negative development tendencies that have plagued the majority of Western European transport systems. Can Budapest avoid the scourge of perpetual smog and traffic jams? Can it avert the immeasurable accumulation of externalities on the capital city’s public bypass roads caused by having road transport conduct goods shipping? JEL classification: Q58

scholarly journals Hydrogen Fuel Cell Road Vehicles and Their Infrastructure: An Option towards an Environmentally Friendly Energy Transition

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 6132
Author(s):  
Olivier Bethoux
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Renewable Energies ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicle ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cell ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Heavy Load

The latest pre-production vehicles on the market show that the major technical challenges posed by integrating a fuel cell system (FCS) within a vehicle—compactness, safety, autonomy, reliability, cold starting—have been met. Regarding the ongoing maturity of fuel cell systems dedicated to road transport, the present article examines the advances still needed to move from a functional but niche product to a mainstream consumer product. It seeks to address difficulties not covered by more traditional innovation approaches. At least in long-distance heavy-duty vehicles, fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) are going to play a key role in the path to zero-emissions in one or two decades. Hence the present study also addresses the structuring elements of the complete chain: the latter includes the production, storage and distribution of hydrogen. Green hydrogen appears to be one of the potential uses of renewable energies. The greener the electricity is, the greater the advantage for hydrogen since it permits to economically store large energy quantities on seasonal rhythms. Moreover, natural hydrogen might also become an economic reality pushing the fuel cell vehicle to be a competitive and environmentally friendly alternative to the battery electric vehicle. Based on its own functional benefits for on board systems, hydrogen in combination with the fuel cell will achieve a large-scale use of hydrogen in road transport, as soon as renewable energies become more widespread. Its market will expand from large driving range and heavy load vehicles.

scholarly journals The estimation of GHG emission costs in road and air transport sector: case study of Serbia

Transport ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 260-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Ivković ◽  
Olja Čokorilo ◽  
Snežana Kaplanović
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Transport Cost ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Detailed Calculation ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Nikola Tesla

The paper gives special attention on long distance passenger transport and specific emissions related to different transport modes, particularly road and air transport sector. The goal of this research is creation and selection of appropriate methodology for modelling the cost estimation of GHG emissions in road and air transport sector for Republic of Serbia as well as the application of the methodology regarding to detailed calculation by transport mode and sub modes. Input data for road transport sector refer to the 2013 and include road and traffic conditions on the road network. Input data for air transport sector are related to the 2014 and international airport ‘Nikola Tesla’ Belgrade as the main hub point with the highest recorded number of aircraft operations in the Western Balkan countries. The obtained results reveal that, due to realized transport volume, diesel cars have the largest share of the costs of GreenHouse Gas (GHG) emissions within the passenger long distance road transport. Cost estimates of CO2 emissions in the air transport sector shows that A319 aircraft type have the major share in total costs. The reasons are twofold: first, a high level of Landing and Take-Off (LTO) emission factor for CO2 and second, largest number of LTO cycles.

scholarly journals Internet of Things in the accounting field. Benefits and challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Karmańska
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Asset Management ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Employee Productivity

The main objective of this paper is to identify the benefits and challenges of the Internet of Things (IoT) application in the accounting field of organisations. The study adopts a questionnaire and an interview technique in a company from the road transport sector. The questionnaire research sample includes 151 accounting practitioners and students. Data are collected through the use of an online survey. A principal axis factor analysis with the promax rotation is conducted to assess the underlying structure for the items of the questionnaire. The research outcomes indicate that, in the opinion of accountants and students, the IoT adoption enables the organisation to perform enhanced reporting analysis based on large amount of data gained through sensors (mean=3.98), access to data thorough cloud computing (3.97), and accounting process automation (3.95). From the point of view of managers, the most important benefit is the increase in employee productivity and asset management. The respondents indicate the following aspects as challenges: creation of infrastructure for the adoption a new technology, which accounted for 40.22% of the variance, and cyber security, loss of privacy (7.23% of the explained variance). The findings reveal benefits and challenges for the IoT adoption and could support managers in deploying a new technology in their organisations. The research limitation concerns the fact that this study focuses on respondents from Poland.

scholarly journals Electric Vehicles and Biofuels Synergies in the Brazilian Energy System

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 4423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Géremi Gilson Dranka ◽  
Paula Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
The Impact

Shaping a secure and sustainable energy future may require a set of transformations in the global energy sector. Although several studies have recognized the importance of Electric Vehicles (EVs) for power systems, no large-scale studies have been performed to assess the impact of this technology in energy systems combining a diverse set of renewable energies for electricity production and biofuels in the transportation sector such as the case of Brazil. This research makes several noteworthy contributions to the current literature, including not only the evaluation of the main impacts of EVs’ penetration in a renewable electricity system but also a Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) that estimates the overall level of CO2 emissions resulted from the EVs integration. Findings of this study indicated a clear positive effect of increasing the share of EVs on reducing the overall level of CO2 emissions. This is, however, highly dependent on the share of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in the power system and the use of biofuels in the transport sector but also on the credits resulting from the battery recycling materials credit and battery reuse credit. Our conclusions underline the importance of such studies in providing support for the governmental discussions regarding potential synergies in the use of bioresources between transport and electricity sectors.

scholarly journals The Spatiotemporal Pattern of Decoupling Transport CO2 Emissions from Economic Growth across 30 Provinces in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Zheng ◽  
Yingjie Hu ◽  
Suocheng Dong ◽  
Yu Li
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Spatiotemporal Pattern ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Carbon Reduction ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
International Panel ◽  
Local Practices

Since 2005, China has become the largest emitter of CO2. The transport sector is a major source of CO2 emissions, and the most rapidly growing sector in terms of fuel consumption and CO2 emissions in China. This paper estimated CO2 emissions in the transport sector across 30 provinces through the IPCC (International Panel on Climate Change) top-down method and identified the spatiotemporal pattern of the decoupling of transport CO2 emissions from economic growth during 1995 to 2016 by the modified Tapio’s decoupling model. The CO2 emissions in the transport sector increased from 103.10 million ton (Mt) in 1995 to 701.04 Mt in 2016. The year, 2005, was a turning point as the growth rate of transport CO2 emissions and the intensity of transport CO2 emissions declined. The spatial pattern of transport CO2 emissions and its decoupling status both exhibited an east-west differentiation. Nearly 80% of the provinces recently achieved decoupling, and absolute decoupling is beginning to take place. The local practices of Tianjin should be the subject of special attention. National carbon reduction policies have played a significant role in achieving a transition to low-carbon emissions in the Chinese transport sector, and the integration of multi-scale transport CO2 reduction policies will be promising for its decarbonisation.

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