Experimental investigation into the implications of transmission errors for rack-and-pinion drives

Rack-and-pinion drives are the preferred option in the machine tool sector when long ranges of motion and high loads are involved. However, their shortcomings particularly include deficiencies in the achievable positioning and path accuracy. The backlash as one of the main issues is well described in the literature and numerous solutions to reduce its negative effects exist. In contrast, there is a lack of literature regarding the scientific and systematic analysis of the transmission errors in rack-and-pinion drives. In this paper, the displacements originating in the drive train of a system with industrial components are measured under different operating conditions. The observed transmission errors are thoroughly analyzed in no-load operation and their sources are discussed. Subsequent investigations show significant load-dependent alterations of the transmission errors and direction-dependent characteristics, the causes of which are explained. It is shown, that transmission errors negatively affect the path accuracy of position controlled drives, which is amplified by excitation of the machine structure in certain operating conditions. To address this issue, different error compensation concepts are presented.

Experimental Research on Rubber Compatibility of Drive Train oils used in Construction Machinery

The compatibility of oil and rubber in the drive train system of construction machinery plays an important role in the safe and reliable operation of the system. In order to investigate the rubber compatibility of drive train system oil of construction machinery, the changes of rubber sheet volume and hardness before and after immersion of standard fluororubber (FKM2) and hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR1) with 9 kinds of drive train system oil were tested. The results show that FKM2 has good rubber compatibility with drive train oil, and HNBR1 is only compatible with some drive train oil; The volume change rate and hardness change range of FKM2 are smaller than those of HNBR1.

A compensation scheme applied on wind turbine blade pitch control for the reduction of non-torque main shaft loads

It has been well established that non-torque main shaft loads influence the internal drive train loads. This paper proposes a scheme that compensates for non-torque loads in the blade pitch controller. The compensation scheme is implemented on a dynamic model developed in FAST/Simulink. Three wind conditions of 8, 11.4 and 20 m/s are examined. The dynamic analysis of the bending moment in the low-speed shaft showed a reduction in bending moment by 3 % for the rated wind speed (11.4 m/s) and 1.8 % for the above-rated wind speed (20 m/s), highlighting the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. However, a reduction in bending moment also slightly decreased the shaft’s speed by 2.3 % and 0.5 %, respectively. Similarly, the turbine power was decreased by 9 % and 1 %, respectively. In comparison, further gain scheduling within the compensation scheme reduces the power loss to as low as 0.3 %. The 2 to 3 % reduction in the low-speed shaft bending moment can significantly influence the drive train loads and easily outweigh any loss resulting in the shaft rotational speed and turbine power. Thus, this paper shows that using bending moment error as feedback within the compensation scheme positively affects the low-speed shaft’s bending moment with the eventual potential of reducing drivetrain loads.

Uji Keausan Besi Cor Berlapis Hardchrome Menggunakan Tribotester Pin-On-Disc

Besi cor memiliki rasio kekuatan terhadap massa yang paling tinggi. sehingga banyak digunakan sebagai bahan komponen mesin, misalkan gesekan yang terjadi pada ring piston dengan bore cylinder yang merupakan komponen drive train dari sistem motor bakar. Akibat dari kerja komponen tersebut maka akan timbul adanya keausan permukaan komponen. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui fenomena keausan besi cor dengan perlakuan permukaan electroplating hardchrome dengan menggunakan metode pengujian pin on disk tribometer, yang dilakukan dengan pelumasan SAE 10w-30 pada pembebanan 10N dan 20N dengan kecepatan putaran 60rpm dan jarak 200m, 300m, 400m, 500m, 600m setiap jarak dilakukan pengukuran keausan pada spesimen pin dan disc. Hasil pengujian keausan pada spesimen yang terbuat dari material besi cor dan dilapisi hardchrome dengan menggunakan pelumas SAE 10W-30 memperoleh kesimpulan bahwa setiap jarak keausan pada disk meningkat, Perhitungan keausan dengan menggunakan metode Archard yang menunjukkan tinggi keausan tertinggi sebesar 0.016729 mm pada jarak 600m di disc A beban 10N dan terendah sebesar 0.003035 mm pada jarak 200 m di disc B beban 10n. Nilai volume keausan terbesar pada disc B beban 20N berkisar 1.1741mm³ pada jarak 600 m. Serta volume keausan terendah pada disc A sebesar 0.2720 mm³ pada jarak 200 m dengan jenis keausan yang terjadi adalah keausan abrasi.

A Review on Drive Train Technologies for Passenger Electric Vehicles

Transportation is the second-largest sector contributing to greenhouse gas emissions due to CO2 gas generation from the combustion of fossil fuels. Electric vehicles (EVs) are believed to be a great solution to overcome this issue. EVs can reduce CO2 emissions because the vehicles use an electric motor as a propeller instead of an internal combustion engine. Combined with sustainable energy resources, EVs may become zero-emission transportation. This paper presents an overview of the EV drive train types, including their architecture with the benefits and drawbacks of each type. The aim is to summarize the recent progress of EV technology that always continues to be updated. Furthermore, a comparative investigation on energy density and efficiency, specific energy and power, cost, and application is carried out for batteries as the main energy storage. This discussion provides an understanding of the current development of battery technology, especially the batteries used in EVs. Moreover, the electric motor efficiency, power density, fault tolerance, reliability, and cost are also presented, including the most effective electric motor to use in EVs. The challenges and opportunities of EV deployment in the future are then discussed comprehensively. The government regulation for EVs is still a major non-technical challenge, whereas the charging time and battery performance are the challenges for the technical aspect.