scholarly journals Growth Recovery and Phenological Responses of Juvenile Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Exposed to Spring Warming and Late Spring Frost

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1604
Author(s):  
Kristine Vander Mijnsbrugge ◽  
Jessa May Malanguis ◽  
Stefaan Moreels ◽  
Amy Lauwers ◽  
Arno Thomaes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
First Year ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Late Spring Frost ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
Second Year ◽  
One Year

Global change increases the risk of extreme climatic events. The impact of extreme temperature may depend on the tree species and also on the provenance. Ten provenances of Fagus sylvatica L. were grown in a common garden environment in Belgium and subjected to different temperature treatments. Half of the one year old seedlings were submitted to a high thermal stress in the spring of the first year, and all plants were exposed to a late spring frost in the second year. The high-temperature treated plants displayed reduced growth in the first year, which was fully compensated (recovery with exact compensation) in the second year for radial growth and in the third year for height growth. Frost in the spring of the second year damaged part of the saplings and reduced their growth. The frost damaged plants regained the pre-stress growth rate one year later (recovery without compensation). The high temperature treatment in the first year and the frost damage in the second year clearly influenced the phenological responses in the year of the event and in the succeeding year. Little population differentiation was observed among the provenances for growth and for phenological responses. Yet, a southern provenance, a non-autochthonous provenance (original German provenance that was planted in Belgium about a century ago) and a more continental provenance flushed earlier than the local Atlantic provenances in the year of the frost event, resulting in more frost damage. Some caution should therefore be taken when translocating provenances as an anticipation of the predicted climate warming.

Low resistance but high resilience in growth of a major deciduous forest tree (Fagus sylvatica L.) in response to late spring frost in southern Germany

Trees ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 743-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Príncipe ◽  
Ernst van der Maaten ◽  
Marieke van der Maaten-Theunissen ◽  
Thomas Struwe ◽  
Martin Wilmking ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Southern Germany ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Low Resistance ◽  
Late Spring Frost ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L

Frost Damage to White Spruce Buds

1972 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Clements ◽  
J. W. Fraser ◽  
C. W. Yeatman
Keyword(s):  
Apical Meristem ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Late Spring Frost ◽  
Understory Trees

Unopened buds of white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) were damaged by late spring frost. At time of death of the apical meristem the buds were not ready for flushing. As expected on the basis of ground frosts, there was more damage among shorter trees than among taller trees, and more damage among open-grown trees than among understory trees.

Genetic variation at early ages for several traits of interest for timber-production breeding of Juglans regia

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Díaz ◽  
J Fernández-López
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Stem Form ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Apical Bud ◽  
Late Spring Frost

Several traits of common walnut (Juglans regia L.) were assessed during the first three growing seasons in a progeny test of 43 open-pollinated families at two sites in northwestern Spain. Variance components, heritabilities and correlations between traits were calculated for all characteristics measured. Significant differences were found among families with regard to growth, phenology, frost damage, number of apical branches, and Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands damage, but not for growth-habit traits (number of branches, stem form, and apical dominance). Heritabilities were moderate for total height (h2i ≥ 0.32; h2f ≥ 0.63) and late-spring frost damage (h2i = 0.29; h2f = 0.57), high for resistance to P. cinnamomi (h2i = 0.76; h2f = 0.85), and low for phenology (h2i = 0.15; h2f = 0.39 for bud burst, and h2i = 0.14–0.36; h2f= 0.44–0.70 for leaf fall) and root-collar diameter (h2i = 0.18–0.29; h2f = 0.41–0.58). High age–age correlations were found for growth and phenology traits during the first three growing seasons. Some interesting correlations were also found between several of the traits studied. The families whose buds burst the earliest had more late-spring frost damage and, consequently, more apical branches (i.e., branches near the apical bud). Furthermore, the greater the resistance to P. cinnamomi and frost damage, the taller the families.

Descendances maternelles de hêtre tortillard (Fagus sylvatica L. var. tortuosa Pépin); développement au cours des quatre premières années: I. fertilité, vigueur et apparition du phénotype tortillard

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
B Thiébaut ◽  
O Garniaux ◽  
B Comps ◽  
C Muller
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Empty Seed ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
Typical Shape ◽  
Second Year ◽  
One Year

In Verzy forest (near Reims, France), seeds were sampled from some tortillard beeches (Fagus sylvatica L. var. tortuosa Pépin) after free pollination. After a dormancy breaking treatment performed in laboratory, seeds were sown in nursery and seedlings were cultivated for 4 years. The purpose of this study is to examine the fertility of tortillard beech and the occurrence of its phenotype during the first years of development. According to our experimental conditions, full and empty seed ratios, germination rate, and seedling annual survival rate were not significantly different from those reported for the European beech in literature. Among 486 tortillard maternal descendants, after 4 years, 25% of the individuals showed a special shape, characterized by reiterations, and could be considered as "tortillards". This phenotype appeared progressively during the second year of seedling development. The number of tortillards increased from one year to the next and their typical shape became more pronounced until they were 4 years old. These results show that the tortillard variety is no less fertile and vigorous than the European beech. Key words: Fagus sylvatica var. tortuosa, morphology, growth, fertility, strength.

Irrigation protects black walnut from frost damage

1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter F. Beineke
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Black Walnut ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Late Spring Frost

Late spring frost damage to black walnut (Juglansnigra L.) in a research clone bank was prevented by over-tree irrigation. Even though temperatures fell as low as −4.4 °C one night and 0 °C or lower on nine other occasions after leafing out began, irrigation provided adequate leaf, flower, and shoot protection. Highly significant differences were found in degree of frost damage between protected and unprotected areas. Flowering and seed production of protected grafts were increased 15- and 30-fold respectively over unprotected ramets of the same clones.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF HEDGING ON FROST TOLERANCE OF `DELITE' RABBITEYE BLUEBERRIES

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1162d-1162
Author(s):  
E. W. Neuendorff ◽  
K. D. Patten
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Late Spring Frost ◽  
Flower Stage ◽  
Fall Growth

A late spring frost, -2°C on 10 Mar 1989, destroyed all blossoms on `Delite' rabbiteye blueberries. To determine the effect of hedging as a rejuvenation method, six-year-old `Delite' plants were pruned on 26 April 1989. All branches were removed at 46 cm from ground level. Unpruned control plants were approximately 184 cm tall. On 21 Mar 1990 a frost of -2°C occurred. Two days later bud damage was assessed on three wood types: spring-old (SO), spring growth on old, weak wood; spring-new (SN), spring growth on vigorous 1-year-old shoots; and fall (F), postharvest late summer/fall growth. Buds were identified as to their stage of development. Buds formed on both types of spring wood were further developed than those on fall wood. As flower stage advanced frost damage increased. Blossoms on fall growth were most frost tolerant and SN was more hardy than SO. Subsequent yields will be determined and reported.

Responses of a beech (Fagus crenata Blume) stand to late spring frost damage in Morioka, Japan

2009 ◽  
Vol 257 (12) ◽  
pp. 2359-2369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshio Awaya ◽  
Kunihiro Tanaka ◽  
Eiji Kodani ◽  
Tomohiro Nishizono
Keyword(s):  
Frost Damage ◽  
Fagus Crenata ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Fagus Crenata Blume ◽  
Late Spring Frost

scholarly journals Wybrane zagadnienia z morfogenezy liści drzew. II. Występowanie młodocianych form liści w koronach drzew buka zwyczajnego (Fagus silvatica L.) [Studies on the mohprogenesis of tree-leaves. II. The occurrence of juvenile forms of leaves in the crowns of beech trees (Fagus silvatica L.)]

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Więckowska
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Leaf Primordia ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Tree Leaves ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Late Spring Frost ◽  
Fagus Silvatica ◽  
One Year

It was fairly often observed that <em>Fagus silvatica</em> L. leafed twice during one vegetational season. This secondary growth occurred on all trees, when the first leaves underwent destruction, e.g. in consequence of late spring frost. The leaves of secondary growth differed pronouncedly from normally developed ones by their shape and irregular nervation and were similar to the juvenile leaves of one-year-old seedlings of beech. Observations of leaf buds showed that the nerves appeared in leaf-primordia of <em>Fagus silvatica</em> as late as the latter part of July and if the secondary leaves developed at the end of July, they were normal in shape and bad regular nervation. Leaf-primordia compelled to an earlier development gave leaves of different form and irregular nervation.

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