scholarly journals Fire Temperature Based on the Time and Resistance of Buildings—Predicting the Adoption of Fire Safety Measures

Fire ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Santarpia ◽  
Simone Bologna ◽  
Virgilio Ciancio ◽  
Iacopo Golasi ◽  
Ferdinando Salata
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Fire Prevention ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Fire Load ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Fire Temperature ◽  
Fire Risk Analysis ◽  
Opening Factor

During a fire in enclosed spaces, having structures with a good level of resistance is very important. The post flashover fire time interval, during which rescue squads operate, is important to verify if the structure can still resist fire for an acceptable time interval. This can be determined through the REI value. Hence, the way the fire develops must be examined together with the trend of the temperature that might guarantee that the structure will resist the heat flux released during the combustion. This article examines and compares, through a case study, the most important methods for analysis of the fire risk: the prescriptive approach and the simplified performance-based approach. The performance-based method (more suitable for the actual planning demand with respect to the more cautious prescriptive approach) is affected by the parameters influencing its development. The goal of this article is to provide a graph (based on parameters like the type of building, opening factor “O” and fire load “q”) that might be used by designers and architects to carry out the planning phase and adopt fire prevention systems before dealing with the assessments required by the engineering field for the fire risk analysis.

Investigation and Statistical Analysis on Fire Loads of Large-Scale Wholesale Commercial Building

2011 ◽  
Vol 255-260 ◽  
pp. 259-263
Author(s):  
Yan Qing Bao
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Fire Prevention ◽  
Fuel Composition ◽  
Commercial Building ◽  
Wholesale Market ◽  
Fire Load ◽  
Room Size ◽  
Fire Loads

There are lots of various goods in large-scale wholesale market, and all these goods were stacked together. Huge fire loads were formed and there is a great fire risk in this kind of architecture. Through investigation in a large-scale wholesale commercial building in Xi'an, some data such as fire load, fuel types, room size were collected .All these data were analyzed and the types of fuel composition in different kinds of shop were comprehended. The research will contribute to management of fire prevention in wholesale market.

scholarly journals Battery Train Fire Risk on a Steel Warehouse Structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmine Mira ◽  
Nicole Braxtan ◽  
Shen-En Chen ◽  
Tiefu Zhao ◽  
Lynn Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Fire Propagation ◽  
Fire Risk Analysis ◽  
Energy Demands

Lithium ion battery fire hazard has been well-documented in a variety of applications. Recently, battery train technology has been introduced as a clean energy concept for railway. In the case of heavy locomotives such as trains, the massive collection of battery stacks required to meet energy demands may pose a significant hazard. The objective of this paper is to review the risk evaluation processes for train fires and investigate the propagation of lithium ion battery fire to a neighboring steel warehouse structure at a rail repair shop through a case study. The methodology of the analyses conducted include a Monte Carlo-based dynamic modeling of fire propagation potentials, an expert-based fire impact analysis, and a finite element (FE) nonlinear fire analysis on the structural frame. The case study is presented as a demonstration of a holistic fire risk analysis for the lithium ion battery fire and results indicate that significant battery fire mitigations strategies should be considered.

scholarly journals Transforming fire prevention: a case study

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Higgins ◽  
Mark Taylor ◽  
Hulya Francis ◽  
Mark Jones ◽  
Deb Appleton
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Community Safety ◽  
Fire Prevention ◽  
Collaborative Partnerships ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rescue Service ◽  
Prevention Activities

Purpose – The purpose of this paper was to examine the transformation of fire prevention processes via improved targeting of fire prevention interventions over a four-year period. Design/methodology/approach – A four-year case study of the transformation of fire prevention processes involving a UK fire and rescue service, local council, National Health Service primary care trust and a police force was undertaken. Findings – Understanding the socio-economic causal factors underlying unintentional dwelling fires, and the need to work in collaborative partnerships to achieve change in such factors can support more targeted and effective fire prevention activities. Research limitations/implications – Analysis of underlying causal factors and their relationships, together with population segmentation and working in coordinated collaborative partnerships, can support enhanced fire risk assessment and community safety. This supported more pro-active early intervention fire risk management. Practical implications – Analysis of socio-economic causal factors and socio-economic groups associated with unintentional dwelling fires can assist in targeting fire prevention activities in a more effective and efficient manner. This enabled the fire and rescue service to target fire prevention to social groups most at risk of dwelling fires and the types of fires (for example, kitchen fires) relevant to the different social groups. Social implications – Collaborative public sector partnerships can achieve change in the socio-economic circumstances of at-risk individuals to support fire prevention. This enables the social- and health-related factors underlying fire risk to be addressed by the relevant partner health or social services agencies. Originality/value – The detailed analysis of the transformation of fire prevention activities that led to an implemented approach to enhance community safety. In particular, the analysis and evaluation of the move to collaborative multi-agency partnerships to support and improve fire prevention activities.

scholarly journals Fire Risk Analysis and Optimization of Fire Prevention Management for Green Building Design and High Rise Buildings: Hong Kong Experience

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Yau ◽  
Samuel K. M. Ho
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Fire Prevention ◽  
Green Building Design ◽  
Fire Risk Analysis ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Fire Prevention Management

Abstract There are many iconic high rise buildings in Hong Kong, for example, International Commercial Centre, International Financial Centre, etc. Fire safety issue in high rise buildings has been raised by local fire professionals in terms of occupant evacuation, means of fire-fighting by fire fighters, sprinkler systems to automatically put off fires in buildings, etc. Fire risk becomes an important issue in building fire safety because it relates to life safety of building occupants where they live and work in high rise buildings in Hong Kong. The aim of this research is to identify the fire risk for different types of high rise buildings in Hong Kong and to optimise the fire prevention management for those high rise buildings with higher level of fire risk and to validate the model and also to carry out the study of the conflict between the current fire safety building code and the current trend of green building design. Survey via the 7-point scale questionnaire was conducted through 50 participants and their responses were received and analysed via the statistical tool SPSS software computer program. A number of statistical methods of testing for significantly difference in samples were adopted to carry out the analysis of the data received. When the statistical analysis was completed, the results of the data analysis were validated by two Fire Safety Experts in this area of specialisation and also by quantitative fire risk analysis.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution of grassland fires at the regional scale based on the MODIS active fire products

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengxiang Zhang ◽  
Zhiqiang Feng ◽  
Hongyan Zhang ◽  
Jianjun Zhao ◽  
Shan Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Kernel Density ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Fire Prevention ◽  
Distance Method ◽  
Fire Risk Analysis ◽  
Active Fire ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Grassland Fire

Grassland fires are major disturbances to ecosystems and economies around the world. Therefore, research on the spatial patterns of grassland fires is important for understanding the dynamics of fire occurrence and providing evidence for fire prevention and management. One of the problems in grassland fire risk analysis is that historically observed fire data are generally in the point format, with imprecise positions, whereas other influencing factors are often expressed in continuous areal units. To minimise the influences of inaccurate locations and grid size, density estimates can be produced using kernel density estimation (KDE) – a nonparametric statistical method for estimating probability densities. This method has been widely used to convert historical fire data into continuous surfaces. In this study, KDE was applied to grassland fire events in the eastern Inner Mongolia of China, based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Terra and Aqua daily active fire data from 2001 to 2014. The bandwidth choice was based on the mean random distance method. Annual and seasonal kernel density maps were produced, showing that the spatial patterns of grassland fire events remained temporally consistent. These results were used to create grassland fire risk zones on the basis of the mean density values in the study area. Grassland fire prevention and planning may focus on high-risk areas identified using this method.

scholarly journals Fire Risk Analysis by using Sentinel-2 Data: The Case Study of the Vesuvius in Campania, Italy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico A. G. Dell'Aglio ◽  
Massimiliano Gargiulo ◽  
Antonio Iodice ◽  
Daniele Riccio ◽  
Giuseppe Ruello
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Fire Risk Analysis ◽  
Sentinel 2

scholarly journals Uncertainty Modelling in Metamodels for Fire Risk Analysis

Safety ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Florian Berchtold ◽  
Lukas Arnold ◽  
Christian Knaust ◽  
Sebastian Thöns
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Prediction Interval ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Safety Engineering ◽  
Road Tunnel ◽  
Fire Risk Analysis ◽  
Fire Safety Engineering ◽  
Metamodel Uncertainty

In risk-related research of fire safety engineering, metamodels are often applied to approximate the results of complex fire and evacuation simulations. This approximation may cause epistemic uncertainties, and the inherent uncertainties of evacuation simulations may lead to aleatory uncertainties. However, neither the epistemic ‘metamodel uncertainty’ nor the aleatory ‘inherent uncertainty’ have been included in the results of the metamodels for fire safety engineering. For this reason, this paper presents a metamodel that includes metamodel uncertainty and inherent uncertainty in the results of a risk analysis. This metamodel is based on moving least squares; the metamodel uncertainty is derived from the prediction interval. The inherent uncertainty is modelled with an original approach, directly using all replications of evacuation scenarios without the assumption of a specific probability distribution. This generic metamodel was applied on a case study risk analysis of a road tunnel and showed high accuracy. It was found that metamodel uncertainty and inherent uncertainty have clear effects on the results of the risk analysis, which makes their consideration important.

Fire Risk Analysis Using Geospatial Approach and Mitigation Measures for South-West Delhi

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
S. K. Tomar ◽  
A. Kaur ◽  
H. K. Dangi ◽  
T. Ghawana ◽  
K. Sarma
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Fire Service ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Fire Risk Analysis ◽  
South West ◽  
Geospatial Tools ◽  
Fire Stations

One of the major challenge from unplanned growth in the cities is the fire incidents posing a serious threat to life and property. Delhi, the capital city of India, has seen unplanned growth of colonies resulting in a serious concern for the relevant agencies. This paper investigates the relation between potential causes of fire incidents during 2013-2016 in South-West Delhi Division of Delhi Fire Services as part of risk analysis using the data about fire stations & their jurisdictions, incidents of fire, water reservoirs available, landuse and population data along with the divisional & sub-divisional boundaries of South-West Delhi division under Delhi Fire Service. Statistical and Geospatial tools have been used together to perform the risk analysis. The analysis reveals that difference in actual occupancy and defined landuse as a part of unplanned growth of settlements is found to be the main reason behind the major fire incidents. The suggested mitigation measures focus on legal, policy, physical & technological aspects and highlight the need to bring the systemic changes with changing scenario of demographics and infrastructure to accommodate more aspects of ground reality.

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