Public Knowledge About Emergency Care—Results of a Population Survey From Germany

Background: Knowledge and beliefs about health and health care are part of the general concept of health literacy. Studies demonstrated that large parts of the population report inadequate health literacy. There are only few studies specifically addressing public knowledge and beliefs about emergency care. We examine magnitude and social variations of public knowledge about emergency care in Germany.Methods: Analyses make use of a telephone survey conducted in Hamburg, Germany. Random sample consisted of 1,207 adult respondents. We asked whether the respondents know various emergency care services. Moreover, capabilities of dealing with an emergency case were assessed. Sex, age, education, and migration background were introduced as predictors into regression models.Results: 98% of the respondents stated to know the rescue service, while 74% knew the medical on call service and 49% were aware of an emergency practice nearby. About 71% of the interviewees said it was easy for them to find out whom to turn to in a case of a medical emergency. Fewer respondents found it easy to evaluate when to use emergency medical services and to evaluate whether a health problem is a medical emergency. Knowledge and capabilities were positively associated with education and negatively related to migration background.Conclusions: This study indicates a lack of public knowledge about emergency care and social inequalities in public knowledge according to education and migration status. Findings suggest that interventions are needed to improve public knowledge and that considering social inequalities should be a basic principle for such interventions.

Geotechnical Management of Isolated Sustainable Alpine Communities

The Albanian Alps are situated in a mountainous block in the Northern Albania region, in the counties of Shkodër (also known as Shkodra or Gegëria) and Kukës (Kukësi). The nature of the mountainous terrain formation has led to the creation of isolated communities. The need for integrating these scattered communities into a cohesive co-operating community for area sustainability is now possible by using the Internet to link them all onto an online system. To deal with natural catastrophes, disaster management cells will be created which will serve as hubs. These hubs will be located at geographically strategic positions that will enable a predetermined geofenced region for evaluation of different disasters viz. forest fires, landslide, flooding, avalanches, the burial of villages under heavy snowfalls, etc. These cells will connect the particular case with the most appropriate disaster relief, rescue service and EMR (Emergency Medical Responder), first aid services (e.g. Green Crescent/Red Cross) and EMT (Emergency Medical Technician) personnel. The cells shall be managed by locally trained human resources with the necessary equipment to provide the monitoring/analyses and first aid assistance in case of need. The technology needed for the monitoring and geotechnical management of the isolated Alpine communities will be described. The socio-economic impact of the deployment of these technologies aiding in the sustainability of these vulnerable communities will conclude the research.

INFLUENCE OF EMPLOYEE COMPETENCE AND WORK ENVIRONMENT ON THE QUALITY OF FIRE MANAGEMENT SERVICES WITH AHP METHOD

The purpose of this study is to find out the influence of employee competence and the work environment on the quality of fire management services in the South Jakarta Administrative City Fire and Rescue Service Tribe. The method used is a quantitative method through the dissemination of questionnaires, with a population of 473 people or respondents and the sample is 83 people using SPSS Version 23 for windows with the aim to facilitate and ensure the calculation and processing of data has been done correctly.

APPLICATION OF EMERGENCY ON BUILDING FIRE USING ANT COLONY OPTIMIZATION METHOD BASED ON ANDROID

Fire and Rescue Service is an agency to handles fire problems, i.e building fires. Fire and Rescue Service of Pekanbaru is an agency to handles fire problems in Pekanbaru where the service receives information about a fire incident quickly and responsively. Fire incidents can occur anywhere, in any location, both easy or difficult access, but the Firfighter Team must be prepared in every conditions. The problem is that not all fire incidents occur in easy access places by firefighters. The incidents sometimes occur in difficult places to reach and unknown location, firefighter have to use maps to find the location. It will be wasting time to find unknown location and took a long time to arrive. The solution of this problem is to build an android-based application that can be used as a fire incident report, which is connected in one application, so residents can report through an application automatically provides the coordinates of incident. The application of Ant Colony Optimization method in finding fire locations makes it easier to hasten in searching fire locations and can be used by the public in reporting fires to Fire and Rescue Service of Pekanbaru to be processed quickly.

The Emergency Accessibility Analysis based on Traffic Big Data and Flood Scenario Simulation in the context of Shanghai Hotel industry

Underlying the impact of global warming and rapid growth of the tourism industry, the increasing frequency of flood post threats to the sustainable development of the coastal cities in China. The article proposes a methodological approach to evaluate the emergence response capability. This approach combines the flood simulation scenario method, traffic big data with the path navigation interface of the web. This article provides an empirical study to evaluate the emergency response from Fire & Rescue Service (FRS) to the tourist hotel in Shanghai from spatial accessibility perspective. The findings show that (1). The emergency response from FRS has significant relationships with the situation of transportation, the location of hotels, the intensity of flood inundation and the number, location of the urban FRS. (2). The emergency accessibility of a city caused by floods depends on the prevailing traffic conditions. The more severe traffic congestion has a significant impact on the spatial accessibility. (3) Flooding and real-time traffic conditions can change the fastest path from FRS to tourist hotels, resulting in delays in emergency response times, and the selection of the most appropriate travel routes is critical to improving the emergency response capability of cities. The results proved the validity of this proposed approach. Consequently, the approach contributes to the enhancement of the level of emergence response ability of urban tourism when they encounter disasters.

First Successful Rescue of a Lost Person Using the Human Detection System: A Case Study from Beskid Niski (SE Poland)

Recent advances in search and rescue methods include the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), to carry out aerial monitoring of terrains to spot lost individuals. To date, such searches have been conducted by human observers who view UAV-acquired videos or images. Alternatively, lost persons may be detected by automated algorithms. Although some algorithms are implemented in software to support search and rescue activities, no successful rescue case using automated human detectors has been reported on thus far in the scientific literature. This paper presents a report from a search and rescue mission carried out by Bieszczady Mountain Rescue Service near the village of Cergowa in SE Poland, where a 65-year-old man was rescued after being detected via use of SARUAV software. This software uses convolutional neural networks to automatically locate people in close-range nadir aerial images. The missing man, who suffered from Alzheimer’s disease (as well as a stroke the previous day) spent more than 24 h in open terrain. SARUAV software was allocated to support the search, and its task was to process 782 nadir and near-nadir JPG images collected during four photogrammetric flights. After 4 h 31 min of the analysis, the system successfully detected the missing person and provided his coordinates (uploading 121 photos from a flight over a lost person; image processing and verification of hits lasted 5 min 48 s). The presented case study proves that the use of an UAV assisted by SARUAV software may quicken the search mission.

VERIFICATION OF TACTICAL AND TECHNICAL DATA OF THE BREATHING APPARATUS

The function of the breathing apparatus is to protect the health of firefighters in a harmful and non-respirable environment. Closed-circuit breathing apparatus provides members of the Fire and Rescue Service with respiratory protection in the elimination of adverse events in tunnels and underground spaces. The MSA 4h Air Elite is a four-hour self-contained breathing apparatus that operates on the principle of generating oxygen by an exothermic reaction of potassium hyperoxide. Each breathing apparatus has its tactical technical parameters. We verified the tactical and technical data of the MSA AIRE ELITE by the experiment they participated in the firefighter. Each firefighter was equally coupled. An MSA Air Elite was used during the experiment. Tactical-technical data reported by the manufacturer varies in some points with the practical results that we have managed to obtain. The manufacturer's largest deviations in tactical and technical data and practical results are mainly in the length of work activity, temperature in use in intervention, and air consumption. According to our experiment, the MSA 4h Air Elite breathing apparatus does not last in the working activity 240 minutes as it discloses a manufacturer, but on the other hand, this time-inconsistency may be caused by the intensity of training and demanding of the training track.