scholarly journals New Data on Comparative Cytogenetics of the Mouse-Like Hamsters (Calomyscus Thomas, 1905) from Iran and Turkmenistan

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 964
Author(s):  
Svetlana A. Romanenko ◽  
Vladimir G. Malikov ◽  
Ahmad Mahmoudi ◽  
Feodor N. Golenishchev ◽  
Natalya A. Lemskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Chromosome Painting ◽  
Chromomycin A3 ◽  
Dapi Staining ◽  
Comparative Cytogenetics ◽  
Chromosomal Form ◽  
Isfahan Province ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Karyotypic Variation ◽  
Painting Probes

The taxonomy of the genus Calomyscus remains controversial. According to the latest systematics the genus includes eight species with great karyotypic variation. Here, we studied karyotypes of 14 Calomyscus individuals from different regions of Iran and Turkmenistan using a new set of chromosome painting probes from a Calomyscus sp. male (2n = 46, XY; Shahr-e-Kord-Soreshjan-Cheshme Maiak Province). We showed the retention of large syntenic blocks in karyotypes of individuals with identical chromosome numbers. The only rearrangement (fusion 2/21) differentiated C. elburzensis, C. mystax mystax, and Calomyscus sp. from Isfahan Province with 2n = 44 from karyotypes of C. bailwardi, Calomyscus sp. from Shahr-e-Kord, Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari-Aloni, and Khuzestan-Izeh Provinces with 2n = 46. The individuals from Shahdad tunnel, Kerman Province with 2n = 51–52 demonstrated non-centric fissions of chromosomes 4, 5, and 6 of the 46-chromosomal form with the formation of separate small acrocentrics. A heteromorphic pair of chromosomes in a specimen with 2n = 51 resulted from a fusion of two autosomes. C-banding and chromomycin A3-DAPI staining after G-banding showed extensive heterochromatin variation between individuals.

scholarly journals Introducing the Bird Chromosome Database: An Overview of Cytogenetic Studies in Birds

2020 ◽  
Vol 160 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago M. Degrandi ◽  
Suziane A. Barcellos ◽  
Alice L. Costa ◽  
Analía D.V. Garnero ◽  
Iris Hass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Chromosome Painting ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intrachromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Painting Probes ◽  
Whole Chromosome Painting

Bird chromosomes, which have been investigated scientifically for more than a century, present a number of unique features. In general, bird karyotypes have a high diploid number (2n) of typically around 80 chromosomes that are divided into macro- and microchromosomes. In recent decades, FISH studies using whole chromosome painting probes have shown that the macrochromosomes evolved through both inter- and intrachromosomal rearrangements. However, chromosome painting data are available for only a few bird species, which hinders a more systematic approach to the understanding of the evolutionary history of the enigmatic bird karyotype. Thus, we decided to create an innovative database through compilation of the cytogenetic data available for birds, including chromosome numbers and the results of chromosome painting with chicken (Gallus gallus) probes. The data were obtained through an extensive literature review, which focused on cytogenetic studies published up to 2019. In the first version of the “Bird Chromosome Database (BCD)” (https://sites.unipampa.edu.br/birdchromosomedatabase) we have compiled data on the chromosome numbers of 1,067 bird species and chromosome painting data on 96 species. We found considerable variation in the diploid numbers, which ranged from 40 to 142, although most (around 50%) of the species studied up to now have between 78 and 82 chromosomes. Despite its importance for cytogenetic research, chromosome painting has been applied to less than 1% of all bird species. The BCD will enable researchers to identify the main knowledge gaps in bird cytogenetics, including the most under-sampled groups, and make inferences on chromosomal homologies in phylogenetic studies.

scholarly journals Comparative Karyotype of Pig and Cattle Using Whole Chromosome Painting Probes

Hereditas ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Schmitz ◽  
A. Oustry ◽  
D. Vaiman ◽  
B. Chaput ◽  
G. Frelat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Painting ◽  
Painting Probes ◽  
Whole Chromosome Painting

Comparative Cytogenetics of Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus (Agassiz, 1829) (Characiformes, Erythrinidae) Species Complex from Different Brazilian Hydrographic Basins

2016 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana F. Martinez ◽  
Roberto L. Lui ◽  
Josiane B. Traldi ◽  
Daniel R. Blanco ◽  
Orlando Moreira-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Telomeric Sequence ◽  
Comparative Cytogenetics ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Araguaia River ◽  
Rdna Sites ◽  
Hoplerythrinus Unitaeniatus

Chromosomal characteristics of Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus populations from 5 Brazilian river basins, namely Arinos (Amazonas basin), Araguaia, Paraguai, Alto Paraná, and São Francisco were analyzed by conventional Giemsa staining, C-banding, silver nitrate impregnation, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with 18S and 5S rDNA and telomeric sequence (TTAGGG)n probes. The diploid chromosome number was 2n = 48 in representatives of the populations from Paraguai and Alto Paraná River basins and 2n = 52 for those from the Arinos and Araguaia River basins. The São Francisco population had individuals with 2n = 50 and 52 occurring in sympatry. C-banding showed heterochromatic blocks mainly located at interstitial and pericentromeric positions in most of the chromosomes. Silver nitrate impregnation demonstrated simple NORs for representatives from Arinos and Araguaia River populations and multiple NORs for specimens from Paraguai, Alto Paraná, and São Francisco River populations. FISH with 18S and 5S rDNA probes revealed many chromosomes carrying these cistrons, with up to 21 chromosomes bearing 18S rDNA sites (Alto Rio Paraná basin) and up to 12 chromosomes with 5S rDNA sites (Paraguai basin), besides the occurrence of colocalization in all populations. FISH with telomeric sequence (TTAGGG)n detected sites in the terminal portion of the chromosomes in all populations. These data reinforce the idea that H. unitaeniatus is a species complex. Evolutionary and biogeographical aspects of the group in the Neotropical region are discussed.

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