scholarly journals Tools Used to Measure the Physical State of Women with Celiac Disease: A Review with a Systematic Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 539
Author(s):  
Alejandro Martínez-Rodríguez ◽  
Daniela Alejandra Loaiza-Martínez ◽  
Javier Sánchez-Sánchez ◽  
Pablo J. Marcos-Pardo ◽  
Soledad Prats ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Intestinal Biopsy ◽  
Specific Protocol ◽  
Small Intestinal Biopsy ◽  
Immunological Disorder ◽  
Meta Analyses

Celiac disease (CD) is an immunological disorder that mainly affects the small intestine, generating an inflammatory process in response to the presence of gluten (a protein). Autoimmune diseases are part of a group of diseases that are difficult to diagnose without a specific protocol or consensus to detect them due to the number of symptoms and diseases with which it has a relationship. Therefore, the aim of this review was to analyze the diagnostic tools of CD used in middle-aged women, to compare the use and effectiveness of the different tools, and to propose a strategy for the use of the tools based on the results found in the literature. The present research followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. The search was conducted in the following databases: Scielo, PubMed, Web of Science, and Worldwide Science org. In the initial literature search, 2004 titles and relevant abstracts were found. Among them, 687 were duplicates, leaving 1130 articles. Based on the inclusion criteria, only 41 articles passed the selection process; 4 main types of analyses appear in the studies: blood tests, questionnaires, clinical history, and biopsy. It can be said that none of the analyses have a 100% reliability since most of them can present false negatives; therefore, the best way to diagnose celiac disease up to now is through a combination of different tests (Immunoglobulin A and small intestinal biopsy).

Artificial Intelligence in Diagnosis and Prediction of the Multiple Sclerosis Progression: A Scoping Review (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghassan Saad ◽  
Bassam Jaber ◽  
Maryam Al-Hajri ◽  
Mowafa Househ ◽  
Arfan Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Development Plans

BACKGROUND Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that results from the demyelination of the nerves in the Central Nervous System. The diagnosis depends on clinical history, neurological examination, and radiological images. Artificial Intelligence proved to be an effective tool in enhancing the diagnostic tools of MS. OBJECTIVE To explore how AI assisted in diagnosis and predicting the progression of MS. METHODS We used three bibliographic databases in our search: PubMed IEEE Xplore and Cochrane in our search. The study selection process included: removal of duplicated articles, screening titles and abstracts, and reading the full text. This process was performed by two reviewers. The data extracted from the included studies have been filled in an Excel sheet. This step had been done by each reviewer accordingly to the assigned articles. The extracted data sheet was checked by two reviewers to have accuracy ensured. The narrative approach is applied in data synthesis. RESULTS The search conducted resulted in 320 articles Removing duplicates and excluding the ineligible articles due to irrelevancy to the population, intervention, and outcomes resulted in excluding 299 articles. Thus, our review will include 21 articles for data extraction and data synthesis. CONCLUSIONS Artificial Intelligence is becoming a trend in the medical field. Its contribution in enhancing the diagnostic tools of many diseases, as in MS, is prominent and can be built on in further development plans. However, the implementation of Artificial Intelligence in Multiple Sclerosis is not widespread to confirm the benefits gained, and the datasets involved in the current practice are relatively small. It is recommended to have more studies that focus on the relationship between the employment of AI in diagnosis and monitoring progression and the accuracy gained by this employment.

Is Small Intestinal Biopsy Always Necessary to Diagnose Celiac Disease in Children?

2012 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. S785
Author(s):  
Zulfiqar Ali ◽  
Karen Hagglund ◽  
Alexander Lyons ◽  
Umer Sheikh ◽  
Hernando Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Intestinal Biopsy ◽  
Small Intestinal Biopsy ◽  
Small Intestinal

scholarly journals Frequency of Celiac Disease in Patients with Hypothyroidism

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Mehrdad ◽  
Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei ◽  
Fereshteh Mohammadi ◽  
Farahnaz Joukar ◽  
Salimeh Dodangeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Villous Atrophy ◽  
Intestinal Biopsy ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Small Intestinal Biopsy ◽  
Antigliadin Antibodies ◽  
North Of Iran

Background. Celiac disease (CD) is closely associated with other autoimmune endocrine disorders, particularly autoimmune thyroid disease. The aim of this study was to find the frequency of celiac disease in patients with hypothyroidism in Guilan province, north of Iran.Methods. A total of 454 consecutive patients with hypothyroidism underwent celiac serological tests antiGliadin antibodies (AGA), antitissue transglutaminase antibodies (IgA-tTG) and antiendomysial antibodies (EMA-IgA). Small intestinal biopsy was performed when any of celiac serological tests was positive.Results. Eleven (2.4%) patients were positive for celiac serology, and two patients with documented villous atrophy were diagnosed with classic CD (0.4%; 95%). Two patients with classic CD had Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) (0.6%; 95%). Six (54.5%) of 11 were suffering from overt hypothyroidism and 45.5% from subclinical hypothyroidism. Six (54.5%) had HT, and 45.5% had nonautoimmune hypothyroidism.Conclusions. In this study, prevalence of CD was lower than other studies. Most of the patients with CD were suffering from HT, but there was no significant statistical relation between CD and HT.

scholarly journals GGLUTEN-SENSITIVE ENTEROPATHY - NEW VIEW ON PROBLEM

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsitsi Parulava ◽  
David Pruidze ◽  
Maia Chkhaidze ◽  
Tamar Gotua ◽  
Irma Mandjavidze
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Tissue Transglutaminase ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Failure To Thrive ◽  
Elimination Diet ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Intestinal Biopsy ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Small Intestinal Biopsy ◽  
Gluten Sensitive Enteropathy

Gluten sensitive enteropathy-celiac disease is an immune-mediated disorder caused by permanent sensitivity to gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. Epidemiologic studies of last years suggest that it is common and may occur in 0,5-1% of the general population. The bowel inflammatory and immunologic response results in atrophy and damage in the small bowel and secondary malabsorbtion. The mode of presentation can be quite variable. Celiac disease is generally defined as chronic diarrea and failure to thrive in infants and toddlers, diarrhea is still the most common symptom, but disease may occure in different age groups and with exstraintestinal, sometimes monosymptomic clinic. Clinical forms of celiac disease are: classic, atypical, silent, latent and potential. Definitive diagnose of Celiac disease requires serrologic screening, small intestinal biopsy and effectiveness of elimination diet. Anti-tissue transglutaminase antybody test (TTG IgA and TTG IgG) is highly sensitive, specific and less expensive, thus is recommended for general practice. None of serologic tests are 100% reliable. Definitive diagnosis requires characteristic histologic changes in intestine mucus. Tissue for investigation may be taken from duodenum during gastro endoscopy. Diagnosing only by results of gluten-free diet is not correct. The only treatment for celiac disease is lifelong exclusion of gluten. Early diagnosis and strict dietary restrictions appear to be the only possibility of prevention risk for failure to thrive, delay of sexual maturity, autoimmune disorders, adenocarcinoma of gastrointestinal tract and lymphoma.

scholarly journals In vivo gluten challenge in coeliac disease

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
HJ Ellis ◽  
PJ Ciclitira
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Intraepithelial Lymphocytes ◽  
Wheat Starch ◽  
Intestinal Biopsy ◽  
Jejunal Biopsy ◽  
Small Intestinal Biopsy ◽  
Immunohistochemical Techniques

In vivo gluten challenge has been used since the early 1950s to study the role of cereal fractions in celiac disease. While early studies relied on crude indicators of celiac toxicity, the advent of jejunal biopsy and sophisticated immunohistochemical techniques has allowed accurate studies to be performed. Studies to determine the nature of the cereal component that is toxic to patients with celiac disease have concentrated on wheat because of its nutritional importance. A number of in vitro studies indicated the presence of one or more celiac-activating epitopes with theN-terminus of the A-gliadin molecule. In vivo challenge with three synthetic peptides subsequently indicated the toxicity of a peptide corresponding to amino acids 31 to 49 of A-gliadin. In vivo gluten challenge is the gold standard for the assessment of celiac toxicity; however, jejunal biopsy is a relatively invasive procedure, thus, other methods have been investigated. Direct infusion of the rectum with gluten has been shown to result in an increase in mucosal intraepithelial lymphocytes, occurring only in celiac patients. This method has been used to study the celiac toxicity of gliadin subfractions. The in vitro technique of small intestinal biopsy organ culture is also a useful tool and appears to give the same results as in vivo challenge. The importance of tiny amounts of gliadin in the diet, such as that which occurs in wheat starch, has been studied by in vivo challenge; this technique has clarified the position of oats in the gluten-free diet. Several studies suggest that this cereal may be included in the diet of most adult celiac patients. Studies of the transport of gliadin across the enterocyte following ingestion or challenge suggest that gliadin may be metabolized by a different pathway in celiac disease. This could result in an abnormal presentation to the immune system, triggering a pathogenic rather than a tolerogenic response.

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