A Study on the Correlation between Change in the Geometrical Dimension of a Free-Falling Molten Glass Gob and Its Viscosity

To produce flawless glass containers, continuous monitoring of the glass gob is required. It is essential to ensure production of molten glass gobs with the right shape, temperature, viscosity and weight. At present, manual monitoring is common practice in the glass container industry, which heavily depends on previous experience, operator knowledge and trial and error. This results in inconsistent measurements and consequently loss of production. In this article, a multi-camera based setup is used as a non-invasive real-time monitoring system. We have shown that under certain conditions, such as keeping the glass composition constant, it is possible to do in-line measurement of viscosity using sensor fusion to correlate the rate of geometrical change in the gob and its temperature. The correlation models presented in this article show that there is a strong correlation, i.e., 0.65, between our measurements and the projected viscosity.

Towards an Efficient Generalization of the Online Dosage of Hydrogen Peroxide in Photo-Fenton Process to Treat Industrial Wastewater

This work addresses the dosage of H2O2 in photo-Fenton processes and the monitoring of Dissolved oxygen (DO) that can be used to drive the dosage of H2O2. The objective of this work is to show that a smarter monitoring of a process variable such as DO (for which on-line measurement can be inexpensively obtained) enables the proposal and implementation of efficient dosage strategies. The work explores the application of a recent proposed strategy consisting of: (i) initial H2O2 addition, (ii) continuous H2O2 addition until a DO set up is reached, and (iii) automatic H2O2 addition by an on-off control system based on DO slope monitoring, and applies it to the treatment of different individual contaminants and their mixtures (paracetamol and sulfamethazine). The assays performed following this dosage strategy showed improved values of TOC removed per H2O2 consumed. For the case of sulfamethazine, this improvement increased up to 25–35% with respect to the efficiency obtained without dosage. Furthermore, a deeper analysis of the results allowed detecting and assessing the opportunity to redesign the dosage scheme and reduce its complexity and the number of control parameters. The promising results obtained are discussed in regard of future research into further increasing the simplicity and robustness of this generalized control strategy that improves the applicability of the photo-Fenton process by reducing its operating costs and increasing automation.

A New Method for On-line Measurement of the Straightness Error of Machine Tools Using an Acceleration Sensor

In order to improve the poor efficiency in the measurement of the geometric error of machine tools’ linear axes, this paper has presented a method to measure and restructure the geometric error of linear axes that is based on accelerometers. This method takes advantage of the phenomenon that when acceleration is measured under different measuring speeds, different frequencies and amplitudes are produced. The measurement data of the high signal-to-noise ratio for various velocities was fused together and the straightness error of the measured axis was obtained by integrating the acceleration twice. In order to remove the trend terms error in the integration, a zero phase IIR Butterworth filter was designed, which guarantees the signal’s phase invariance after filtering. The data was continued with the AR model to eliminate the endpoints’ effect in the filtering. The proposed method was verified by numerical values and experiments. The results showed that the proposed method has better robustness, a wider bandwidth and a higher efficiency than the methods of measuring by laser interferometer. It is also able to measure the geometric error of linear axes with an accuracy that reaches the micron scale.

On-line Measurement Method and Technical Scheme of Transmission Line Crossing Point Based on Machine Vision

With the increasing demand for high voltage and UHV transmission, higher and higher requirements are put forward for transmission line monitoring and fault diagnosis. The traditional line measurement method has many shortcomings, which cannot ensure the measurement accuracy, measurement efficiency and high cost. Based on this, this paper first studies the principle of machine vision on-line measurement, then analyses the on-line measurement process of transmission line crossing point based on machine vision, and finally gives the error source and amelioration measures of transmission line crossing point on-line measurement.

In-line measurement of absorbed solar irradiance using nanofluids

In this paper a novel technique for the in-line evaluation of the absorption rate of solar radiation by nanofluids in a volumetric solar receiver is presented. This method allows to experimentally investigate the optical behaviour of a nanofluid when circulating in a volumetric solar receiver under non-concentrated solar irradiance and it is based on the combined use of pyranometers. This technique is used in the present work to study the absorption capability of a Single-Wall-Carbon-NanoHorns (SWCNHs) based nanofluid. From the experiments, it can be seen that after some hours of circulation, the absorption rate of the nanofluid decreases, due to a loss of nanoparticles in the suspension.

Research on Collision Detection Method of Contact On-line Measurement

In order to avoid collision and improve the safety of on-line measurement, a contact on-line measurement collision detection method is studied. Firstly, according to the structural characteristics of the probe and workpiece, the dynamic collision detection between the probe and workpiece is transformed into static collision detection by using the discrete method, and then the grid division of the collision detection space is carried out by using the space division method. Finally, the dynamic collision detection between the probe and workpiece is transformed into the intersection judgment between simple geometry, and according to different collision accuracy requirements, Hierarchical collision detection combining rough detection and fine detection is carried out. Experimental results show that the hierarchical collision detection algorithm has high detection speed and accuracy.

A Novel Method for the Accurate Measurement of Soil Infiltration Line by Portable Vector Network Analyzer

Accurate measurement of soil infiltration lines is very important for agricultural irrigation systems. It can help monitor the irrigation of soil to control irrigation amounts and promote crop growth. The soil infiltration line is a complex dynamic boundary and is difficult to model accurately, leading to estimation deviation. A traditional TDR (time domain reflectometry) method is used in soil infiltration line measurement, but it lacks good applicability and accuracy. In this paper, we proposed a method—VFTT (The vector network analyzer’s frequency domain signals are converted to the time domain)—by the time domain to frequency domain conversion principle to improve the accuracy of soil infiltration line measurement. The experiment results show that the measurement method of soil infiltration line based on VFTT has high accuracy and robustness. After fitting the measured value with the actual one, R2 reaching more than 0.98 can effectively measure the position of the soil infiltration line.