scholarly journals Early Association Factors for Depression Symptoms in Pregnancy: A Comparison between Spanish Women Spontaneously Gestation and with Assisted Reproduction Techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 5672
Author(s):  
David Ramiro-Cortijo ◽  
Cristina Soto-Balbuena ◽  
María F. Rodríguez-Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Assisted Reproduction ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Partner Support ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
P Value ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Assisted Reproduction Techniques

Women with assisted reproduction techniques (ART) have a different psychological profile than women with a spontaneous pregnancy. These differences may put the former group at higher risk for depressive symptomatology. Our aim was to determine what sociodemographic factors and psychological variables interact with early depressive symptoms in pregnant women with ART. This is a cross-sectional, non-interventional, and observational study where a total of 324 women were analyzed in the first trimester of pregnancy at the Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (Spain). Women completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale, the Resilience inventory, the General concerns (ad hoc scale), the Stressful life events, and the prenatal version of Postpartum Depression Predictors Inventory-Revised (PDPI-R), including socioeconomic status, pregnancy intendedness, self-esteem, partner support, family support, friends support, marital satisfaction, and life stress. According to our models, women undergoing ART had significantly increased the PHQ-9 scores (β = 6.75 ± 0.74; p-value < 0.001). Being single also increased the PHQ-9 score. Related to the psychological variables, anxiety (β = 0.43 ± 0.06; p-value < 0.001) and stressful life events (β = 0.17 ± 0.06; p-value = 0.003) increased PHQ-9 scores. In contrast, resilience (β = −0.05 ± 0.02; p-value = 0.004), self-esteem (β = −1.21 ± 0.61; p-value = 0.048), and partner support (β = −1.50 ± 0.60; p-value = 0.013) decreased PHQ-9 scores. We concluded that women undergoing ART need interventions to reduce anxiety and stressful life events, and to improve resilience, self-esteem, and emotional partner support to prevent depressive symptomatology during this important phase in their lives.

scholarly journals Factors related to age at depression onset: the role of SLC6A4 methylation, sex, exposure to stressful life events and personality in a sample of inpatients suffering from major depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Sanwald ◽  
◽  
Katharina Widenhorn-Müller ◽  
Carlos Schönfeldt-Lecuona ◽  
Christian Montag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Affective Neuroscience ◽  
Depression Severity

Abstract Background An early onset of depression is associated with higher chronicity and disability, more stressful life events (SLEs), higher negative emotionality as described by the primary emotion SADNESS and more severe depressive symptomatology compared to depression onset later in life. Additionally, methylation of the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) is associated with SLEs and depressive symptoms. Methods We investigated the relation of SLEs, SLC6A4 methylation in peripheral blood, the primary emotions SADNESS and SEEKING (measured by the Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales) as well as depressive symptom severity to age at depression onset in a sample of N = 146 inpatients suffering from major depression. Results Depressed women showed higher SADNESS (t (91.05) = − 3.17, p = 0.028, d = − 0.57) and higher SLC6A4 methylation (t (88.79) = − 2.95, p = 0.02, d = − 0.55) compared to men. There were associations between SLEs, primary emotions and depression severity, which partly differed between women and men. The Akaike information criterion (AIC) indicated the selection of a model including sex, SLEs, SEEKING and SADNESS for the prediction of age at depression onset. SLC6A4 methylation was not related to depression severity, age at depression onset or SLEs in the entire group, but positively related to depression severity in women. Conclusions Taken together, we provide further evidence that age at depression onset is associated with SLEs, personality and depression severity. However, we found no associations between age at onset and SLC6A4 methylation. The joint investigation of variables originating in biology, psychology and psychiatry could make an important contribution to understanding the development of depressive disorders by elucidating potential subtypes of depression.

Resilience, stressful life events, and depressive symptomatology among older Chinese adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 1005-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
May Li Lim ◽  
Donovan Lim ◽  
Xinyi Gwee ◽  
Ma Shwe Zin Nyunt ◽  
Rajeev Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Older Chinese ◽  
Older Chinese Adults

Stressful Life Events and Depressive Symptomatology Among Basque Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Attachment Representations

2018 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 789-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jone Aliri ◽  
Alexander Muela ◽  
Arantxa Gorostiaga ◽  
Nekane Balluerka ◽  
Aitor Aritzeta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Peer Attachment ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Attachment Representations ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Relationship

The occurrence of stressful life events is a risk factor for psychopathology in adolescence. Depression is a problem of notable clinical importance that has a negative psychosocial impact on adolescents and which has considerable social, educational, and economic costs. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between stressful life events and depressive symptomatology in adolescence, taking into account the effect that attachment representations may have on this relation. Participants were 1653 adolescents (951 girls) aged between 13 and 18 years. The sample was selected by means of a random sampling procedure based on the availability of schools to participate. Data were collected at two time points: attachment and stressful life events were assessed first, and symptoms of depression were evaluated eight to nine months later. Two time points were used in order to better analyze the mediating role of attachment security. Stressful life events were recorded using the Inventory of Stressful Life Events, attachment was evaluated by the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (mother, father, and peer versions), and depressive symptomatology was assessed through the Children’s Depression Scale. In all cases, the Basque version of these scales was used. The results indicated that attachment to parents was a mediating variable in the relationship between stressful life events and depressive symptomatology. Contrary to what we expected, the results indicate that stressful life events did not have a negative effect on peer attachment, and neither did the latter variable act as a mediator of the relationship between stressful life events and depressive symptoms. It can be concluded that attachment-based interventions may be especially useful for reducing depression symptoms among adolescents. The findings also suggest a role for interventions that target parent–child attachment relationships.

scholarly journals Predictors of Prenatal Depression: A Cross-Sectional Study in Rural Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rukhsana Khan ◽  
Ahmed Waqas ◽  
Zille Huma Mustehsan ◽  
Amna Saeed Khan ◽  
Siham Sikander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Prenatal Depression ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Personal Factors

Objective: To determine the prevalence and association of prenatal depression with socioeconomic, demographic and personal factors among pregnant women living in Kallar Syedan, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.Methods: Five hundred women in the second and third trimester of pregnancy, living in Kallar Syedan, a rural area of district Rawalpindi Pakistan, were included in the study. Depression was assessed using “Patient health questionnaire” (PHQ9) in Urdu, with a cut-off score of 10. Multi-dimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS) was used to assess perceived social support. Life Events and Difficulties Schedule (LEDS) were used to measure stressful life events in past 1 year. Tool to assess intimate partner violence (IPV) was based on WHO Multi Country Study on “Women's Health and Domestic Violence against Women.”Results: Prevalence of prenatal depression was found to be 27%. Number of pregnancies was significantly associated with prenatal depression (p &lt; 0.01). Women living in a joint family and those who perceived themselves as moderately satisfied or not satisfied with their life in the next 4 years were found to be depressed (p &lt; 0.01, OR 6.9, CI 1.77–26.73). Depressive symptomatology in women who experienced more than five stressful life events in last 1 year was three times higher (p &lt; 0.001, OR 3.2, CI 1.68–5.98) than in women with 1–2 stressful events. Women who were supported by their significant others or their family members had 0.9 times (p &lt; 0.01, OR 0.9, CI 0.85–0.96) less chance of getting depressed. Pregnant women who were psychologically abused by their partners were 1.5 times more depressed (p &lt; 0.05 CI 1.12–2.51). Odds of having depression was also high in women who had less mean score of MSSI (p &lt; 0.05, OR 1.1, CI 1.01–1.09). Women who had suitable accommodation had 0.5 times less chance of having depression than others (p &lt; 0.05, OR 0.5, CI 0.27–0.92).Conclusion: Over a quarter of the women in the study population reported prenatal depression, which were predicted predominantly by psychosocial variables.

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