scholarly journals Morpho-Functional Evaluation of Full-Thickness Macular Holes by the Integration of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography and Microperimetry

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Daniela Bacherini ◽  
Maria Cristina Savastano ◽  
Francesco Dragotto ◽  
Lucia Finocchio ◽  
Chiara Lenzetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Functional Evaluation ◽  
Retinal Sensitivity ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Full Thickness ◽  
Macular Holes ◽  
En Face Oct ◽  
En Face ◽  
Capillary Plexus

(1) Objective: To use optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and microperimetry (MP) to evaluate the correlation between retinal structure and function in patients with idiopathic, full-thickness macular holes (FTMHs) (2) Methods: This prospective, observational study included 11 eyes of 10 patients with FTMHs evaluated before surgery using OCTA and MP. MP sensitivity maps were superimposed and registered on slabs corresponding to superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) on OCTA, and on the outer plexiform layer (OPL) and the Henle fiber layer (HFL) complex in en face OCT. On these maps, mean retinal sensitivity was calculated at 2° and 4°, all centered on the FTMH. Cystic cavity extension was assessed on the slab corresponding to the OPL + HFL complex in en face OCT and DCP in OCTA using the Image J software (Version 1.49v; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA); (3) Results: Absolute scotomas were observed corresponding to the FTMH. Additionally, rings of relative scotoma in the perilesional area were detected and correlated to the cystic spaces on en face OCT and OCTA. There was a significant correlation between reduced retinal sensitivity at 2° and 4° diameters around the FTMH and the extension of cystic areas (p < 0.01). There was a significant correlation between the extension of cystic cavities and BCVA (p < 0.01). (4) Conclusions: Morpho-functional analysis of FTMH using OCTA and MP, and the correlation between vascular abnormalities and impaired retinal sensitivity, may provide new, useful information. This integrated evaluation of FTMH may be useful to determine the function–structure correlation before and after vitreoretinal surgery, in order to gain a better understanding of the functional consequences induced by the morphological alterations, assessing outcomes in a more objective way, and potentially adding new surgical prognostic factors.

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography of Polypoidal Neovascularization Associated with Choroidal Nevus

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Vittoria Cicinelli ◽  
Lorenzo Iuliano ◽  
Alessandro Rabiolo ◽  
Alessandro Marchese ◽  
Giuseppe Querques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Spectral Domain Oct ◽  
En Face Oct ◽  
En Face ◽  
Choroidal Nevus ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Different Levels

Purpose To report a case of juxtapapillary polypoidal choroidal neovascularization (PCNV) associated with choroidal nevus investigated by means of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A). Methods Case report. Results A 72-year-old woman presented with visual loss and metamorphopsia in her left eye for 5 days secondary to PCNV that developed on the border of a juxtapapillary choroidal nevus. Fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, and spectral-domain OCT confirmed the diagnosis. En face OCT-A disclosed a large tangled hyperreflective PCNV spreading from the optic disc at different levels of the choriocapillaris; the polyp lumina appeared hyporeflective. The patient was treated with 3 intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor with partial functional recovery. Conclusions Our case showed the application of OCT-A in the diagnosis of a case of active PCNV complicating a benign intraocular tumor.

scholarly journals Fluorescein Leakage and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Features of Microaneurysms in Diabetic Retinopathy

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ruoyu Chen ◽  
Anyi Liang ◽  
Jie Yao ◽  
Zicheng Wang ◽  
Yesheng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Fluorescein Angiography ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Face Images ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
En Face Oct ◽  
En Face

Background and Objective. To correlate optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) characteristics of diabetic microaneurysms (MAs) with leakage status on fluorescein angiography (FA). Patients and Methods. 167 MAs from 39 diabetic eyes were analyzed using OCTA and FA simultaneously. The characteristics of MAs on OCTA en face, OCT en face, and OCT B-scan with flow overlay were evaluated and correlated with fluorescein leakage status. Results. Thirty-six, fifty-two, and seventy-nine MAs showed no, mild, and severe leakage on FA, respectively. Most MAs (61.7%) were centered in the inner nuclear layer. Cystoid spaces were observed adjacent to 60 (35.9%) MAs. MAs with severe leakage had a statistically higher flow proportion compared to MAs with no or mild leakage (both P < 0.001 ). Only 112 MAs (67.1%) were visualized in the OCTA en face images, while 165 MAs (98.8%) could be visualized in the OCT en face images. The location of MAs did not associate significantly with FA leakage status. The presence of nearby cystoid spaces and higher flow proportion by OCT B-scan with flow overlay correlated significantly with FA leakage status. Conclusion. The flow proportion of MAs observed on OCT B-scans with flow overlay might be a potential biomarker to identify leaking MAs. A combination of OCT B-scan, OCT en face, and OCTA en face images increased the detection rate of diabetic MAs in a noninvasive way.

Does Projection Artifact Removal Improve Visualization of Images in Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography?

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 289-296
Author(s):  
Verena R. Juncal ◽  
Armin Abadeh ◽  
Keyvan Koushan ◽  
Alan R. Berger ◽  
David R. Chow
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Artifact Removal ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Face Images ◽  
En Face ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Superficial Capillary Plexus

Purpose: This study assesses the frequency of projection artifacts in optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) en face images and compares images before and after applying a 3-dimensional projection artifact removal (3D-PAR) algorithm. Methods: This is a single-center, retrospective study that included consecutive patients with any underlying diagnosis who had OCTA obtained from January to March 2017. Patients with various retinal diseases and also healthy eyes were included. All participants underwent imaging with a scan area of 3 mm × 3 mm. The 4 default en face slabs were analyzed: superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), outer retina (OR), and choriocapillaris (CC). Images were qualitatively analyzed before and after 3D-PAR by 2 independent graders. Results: None of the SCP images had projection artifact before or after 3D-PAR. Scans of the DCP presented projection artifact in 96.5% of the cases. After 3D-PAR, 14.7% had a complete improvement of projection artifact, 56.5% had a partial improvement, 14.1% were worse, and 14.7% presented no change. In the OR, 2.9% had projection artifact, with a complete improvement after 3D-PAR in 40%, partial improvement in 20%, and no change in 40%. Projection artifact was initially present in 97.6% of the images in the CC. After 3D-PAR, there was a complete improvement in 72.9%, partial improvement in 26.5%, and no change in 0.6%. Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) was detected in 29 eyes (17.1%), and 3D-PAR improved detection of CNV in 12 cases (41.4%). Conclusions: OCTA with 3D-PAR technology minimizes the appearance of projection artifacts in the DCP and CC slabs.

scholarly journals Retinal Sensitivity Loss Correlates with Deep Capillary Plexus Impairment in Diabetic Macular Ischemia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Scarinci ◽  
Monica Varano ◽  
Mariacristina Parravano
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Retinal Sensitivity ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Sensitivity Loss ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Macular Ischemia ◽  
Sd Oct

Purpose. To assess retinal sensitivity and retinal morphologic changes of capillary nonperfused areas in diabetic macular ischemia. Methods. Observational cross-sectional study. Patients were examined at IRCCS—Bietti Foundation, Rome, Italy. Fourteen consecutive diabetic eyes showing outer retinal changes on spectral domain optical coherence tomography B-scan were included. Ten eyes of ten diabetic patients with normal outer retinal structure on SD-OCT were included as controls. All eyes underwent optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and MP1 microperimetry. To explore the outer retina findings and localized areas of capillary nonperfusion at the superficial and deep capillary plexus, we used the Spectralis HRA + OCTA (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany). The B-scans as either normal or having outer retinal disruption and the enface images at the level of the superficial and/or deep capillary plexus were evaluated to identify areas of capillary nonperfusion. Results. Fourteen eyes of 12 consecutive type 2 diabetic patients with outer retinal disruption on SD-OCT showed that areas of capillary nonperfusion of the deep capillary plexus were colocalized to areas of reduced retinal sensitivity. Conclusions. On optical coherence tomography angiography, areas of capillary nonperfusion of deep capillary plexus due to macular ischemia are associated with photoreceptor structural abnormalities and retinal sensitivity loss on microperimetry. This highlights that the health status of deep capillary plexus and not only the choroid is important to the oxygen requirements of the photoreceptors in patients with diabetic macular ischemia. Also, the anatomical and functional consequences of these findings might help to explore the efficacy of new therapy into the macular area in clinical practice.

Evaluation of pseudophakic cystoid macular edema using optical coherence tomography angiography

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Serra ◽  
Alexandre Sellam ◽  
Florence Coscas ◽  
Elsa Bruyère ◽  
André Sieiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Cystoid Macular Edema ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Face Image ◽  
Vascular Density ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
En Face ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Healthy Eyes ◽  
Sd Oct

Purpose: To compare the optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) findings of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) in eyes with pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME) with those of fluorescein angiography (FA) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and to compare PCME vascular density values of the SCP and DCP with those of healthy eyes. Methods: In this retrospective observational study, 13 eyes (12 patients) with PCME underwent comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations including visual acuity, FA, SD-OCT, and OCT-A. The vascular density of the SCP and DCP were measured using AngioAnalytics software in all PCME eyes and compared with 46 healthy eyes of 25 subjects. Results: In patients with PCME, at the level of SCP, the mean vascular density in the whole en face image was 44.48 ± 3.61% while it was 50.27 ± 5.30% at the level of the DCP. In contrast, the vascular density in the whole en face image was 50.35 ± 3.22 at the level of SCP while it was 56.15 ± 3.28 at the level of DCP in 46 healthy eyes of 25 subjects. The vascular density of patients with PCME was significantly lower than in healthy subjects at the SCP (p<0.0001) and at the DCP (p<0.0001). Conclusion: We report the OCT-A appearance of PCME and vascular density map with values that can be easily interpreted for quantitative evaluation of retina perfusion status using OCT-A. This approach might be the first step in helping us fully understand the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying PCME.

Swept source optical coherence tomography angiography in patients treated with hydroxychloroquine: correlation with morphological and functional tests

2019 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2018-313679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimondo Forte ◽  
Hanan Haulani ◽  
Agnieszka Dyrda ◽  
Ignasi Jürgens
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Fundus Autofluorescence ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Swept Source ◽  
Retinal Capillary ◽  
En Face ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Healthy Control

PurposeTo evaluate swept source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) in patients treated with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) for more than 5 years and to compare results with the tests currently recommended for screening of HCQ retinopathy.MethodsIn this controlled pilot study, consecutive patients treated with HCQ for more than 5 years underwent SS-OCTA, SS-OCT B-scan and en-face C-scan, fundus autofluorescence (FAF), 10–2 automated visual field (AVF) testing and multifocal electroretinography (mfERG). On SS-OCTA, evaluation of the retinal superficial capillary plexus, middle capillary plexus, and deep capillary plexus (DCP) and the choriocapillaris (CC) was obtained.ResultsWe included 10 patients under HCQ treatment (20 eyes, mean age 38.91±11.73 years) and 18 healthy control patients (36 eyes, mean age 38.87±8.6 years). Mean duration of HCQ treatment was 10.0±3.25 (5–15) years and HCQ cumulative dose/body weight was 15.86±5.56 g/kg. The HCQ group showed a reduction of the vessel density in the 1 mm central, in the nasal and temporal subfields of DCP and in the 1 mm central subfield of CC, an increased foveal avascular zone in the three capillary plexuses, a greater frequency of CC flow voids and a reduced foveal choroidal thickness (p<0.05). Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), mfERG, SS-OCT B-scan and C-scan, AVF and FAF were normal in 20/20 eyes (100%).ConclusionsIn patients treated with HCQ for more than 5 years, choroidal thinning and flow abnormalities at SS-OCTA in the retinal capillary plexuses and CC may be observed even if BCVA, FAF, mfERG, AVF and SS-OCT are normal.

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