Evaluation of pseudophakic cystoid macular edema using optical coherence tomography angiography

Purpose: To compare the optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) findings of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) in eyes with pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME) with those of fluorescein angiography (FA) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and to compare PCME vascular density values of the SCP and DCP with those of healthy eyes. Methods: In this retrospective observational study, 13 eyes (12 patients) with PCME underwent comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations including visual acuity, FA, SD-OCT, and OCT-A. The vascular density of the SCP and DCP were measured using AngioAnalytics software in all PCME eyes and compared with 46 healthy eyes of 25 subjects. Results: In patients with PCME, at the level of SCP, the mean vascular density in the whole en face image was 44.48 ± 3.61% while it was 50.27 ± 5.30% at the level of the DCP. In contrast, the vascular density in the whole en face image was 50.35 ± 3.22 at the level of SCP while it was 56.15 ± 3.28 at the level of DCP in 46 healthy eyes of 25 subjects. The vascular density of patients with PCME was significantly lower than in healthy subjects at the SCP (p<0.0001) and at the DCP (p<0.0001). Conclusion: We report the OCT-A appearance of PCME and vascular density map with values that can be easily interpreted for quantitative evaluation of retina perfusion status using OCT-A. This approach might be the first step in helping us fully understand the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying PCME.

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Vascular Abnormalities in Peripapillary and Macular Regions of Behcet's Uveitis Patients Evaluated by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2021.727151 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Chun Yan ◽

Fan Li ◽

Min Hou ◽

Xiaoyuan Ye ◽

Lishi Su ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽

Vascular Density ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Flow Area ◽

Vascular Abnormalities ◽

Behçet’S Uveitis ◽

Capillary Plexus ◽

Area And Perimeter ◽

Healthy Eyes

Purpose: To investigate the involvement of peripapillary zone vascular abnormalities in Behcet's uveitis (BU) and associated visual dysfunction. We evaluated the retinal and choroidal microvascular features in both macular and peripapillary areas of BU patients to identify vascular abnormalities contributing to reduced best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).Methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted in 24 eyes of 13 patients with BU and 24 eyes of 15 healthy participants as controls. They received a standard eye examination and were recorded by OCTA measurements of macular and peripapillary areas. The vascular densities of superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP), choroidal flow area, radial peripapillary capillary network (RPCN) density, foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area and perimeter, full retinal thickness (FRT), and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (pRNFLT) were measured.Correlations among microvascular, structural, and functional changes were assessed.Results: Our findings uncovered that the vascular density was significantly reduced in the peripapillary zone of BU eyes compared to healthy eyes, especially in the inferior subfield of the RPCN. The vascular densities of SCP and DCP quadrants within the macular zone had no significant difference between BU and control groups except for DCP density of the nasal parafoveal quadrant. Both FAZ area and perimeter were greater but without statistical significance in the BU group. Compared to healthy eyes, the choriocapillaris flow area was smaller while the FRT and pRNFLT were greater in the BU group. Notably, there was a significant correlation between the reduction in RPCN vascular density and decreased BCVA in BU patients.Conclusion: Based on OCTA, vascular changes associated with BU are more prominent in the peripapillary zone than those in the macular zone. The vascular density of the RPCN could serve as a sensitive indicator to monitoring BU pathogenic progression and treatment response using a non-invasively method of OCTA.

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Macular capillary plexuses after epiretinal membrane surgery: an optical coherence tomography angiography study

British Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-311188 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 102 (8) ◽

pp. 1086-1091 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Yoon Jeon Kim ◽

Seungmo Kim ◽

Joo Yong Lee ◽

June-Gone Kim ◽

Young Hee Yoon

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Epiretinal Membrane ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽

Vascular Density ◽

Retinal Layer ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Vascular Integrity ◽

Capillary Plexus ◽

Fellow Eyes ◽

Sd Oct

AimsTo investigate macular vascular integrity using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in patients undergoing vitrectomy for idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM) removal and to determine its association with structural and visual outcomes.MethodsForty-three patients with unilateral ERM who were followed for ≥6 months after surgery were included. Ophthalmological evaluations included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT) before surgery and 6 months after surgery. We obtained en face OCTA images of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) for both eyes 6 months after ERM removal. We compared eyes with ERM to unaffected fellow eyes as controls and used interocular differences in the analyses.ResultsCompared with the fellow eyes, eyes with ERM after surgery had a lower parafoveal vascular density (VD) and a smaller foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area in both SCP and DCP (all p<0.001). Interocular differences in the FAZ area and parafoveal VD were correlated with preoperative and postoperative central foveal thicknesses (all p<0.05). In addition, interocular differences in macular vascular integrity had a tendency to be correlated with SD-OCT parameters of the inner retinal layers. Finally, greater interocular differences in the FAZ area and parafoveal VD of both plexuses were significantly associated with worse postoperative BCVAs (all p<0.05).ConclusionsAssessing macular capillary plexuses via OCTA may be useful to quantify structural changes of the inner retinal layer and predict visual function in patients undergoing ERM removal surgery.

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Inter-relationship between retinal and choroidal vasculatures using optical coherence tomography angiography in normal eyes

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/1120672118816225 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 48-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jaeryung Oh ◽

Daniel Jinhag Baik ◽

Jaemoon Ahn

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Layer Thickness ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽

Macular Thickness ◽

Vascular Density ◽

Inner Plexiform Layer ◽

Central Macular Thickness ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Outer Retina ◽

Capillary Plexus

Purpose: To quantify vascular and structural macular variables in healthy eyes and to investigate correlations between these variables and age using optical coherence tomography angiography. Materials and methods: A total of 261 eyes of 261 subjects with normal fundus were included. Central macular thickness, ganglion cell layer to inner plexiform layer thickness, outer retina layer thickness, subfoveal choroidal thickness, and choroidal vascularity index were measured using optical coherence tomography. Foveal avascular zone area, vascular density, and flow void area were measured using optical coherence tomography angiography. Results: Vascular density in the superficial capillary plexus was correlated with central macular thickness, ganglion cell layer to inner plexiform layer thickness, and outer retina layer thickness ( P < 0.001, P = 0.004, and P < 0.001, respectively). Vascular density in the deep capillary plexus was correlated with central macular thickness and outer retina layer thickness ( P = 0.003 and P = 0.001, respectively). Vascular density of choriocapillaris was correlated with vascular density of superficial capillary plexus and deep capillary plexus ( P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Vascular density of choriocapillaris varies with retinal vascular density rather than the structure of choroid using optical coherence tomography angiography. In contrast, retinal vascular density changes as the retinal structure. Our results provide more information about the relationship between retina and choroid.

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Evaluating Retinal and Choroidal Perfusion Changes After Ocular Massage of Healthy Eyes Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina56120645 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 56 (12) ◽

pp. 645

Author(s):

Felix Rommel ◽

Sabine Lüken ◽

Michelle Prasuhn ◽

Maximilian Kurz ◽

Vinodh Kakkassery ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Treatment Option ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽

Retinal Artery Occlusion ◽

Artery Occlusion ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Capillary Plexus ◽

Retinal Artery ◽

The Impact ◽

Healthy Eyes

Background and objectives: Ocular massage (OM) is used as a treatment option for acute retinal artery occlusion, under the assumption that it induces vessel dilatation and enhances perfusion. Since evidence of ocular perfusion alteration due to OM is lacking, we investigate the impact of OM on the hemodynamics of the posterior pole in healthy eyes in a noninvasive fashion by using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted on healthy volunteers, each of whom underwent measurements of intraocular pressure (IOP), central macular thickness (CMT), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), radial peripapillary capillary perfusion (RPCP), superficial capillary plexus perfusion (SCPP), deep capillary plexus perfusion (DCPP), choriocapillaris perfusion (CCP), Sattler’s layer perfusion (SLP) and Haller’s layer perfusion (HLP) before and after OM. OM was performed for 2 min, consisting of 10-s turns of compression and decompression of the globe. Results: A total of 21 eyes from 21 participants (median age 29) were included. After OM, IOP significantly declined (p < 0.001), while SFCT (p < 0.005), SCPP (p < 0.001), DCPP (p = 0.004) and CCP (p = 0.008) significantly increased. CMT, RPCP, SLP and HLP did not show any significant alteration due to OM. Changes in SCPP correlated positively with changes in CCP and vice versa. Conclusions: OCTA-based analysis in healthy adults following OM demonstrated a significant increase of retinal perfusion values, assumed to be due to failure of autoregulatory mechanisms. These findings may indicate a positive effect of OM as a treatment option for patients with acute retinal artery occlusion.

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Clinical Utility of Triplicate En Face Image Averaging for Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Glaucoma and Glaucoma Suspects

Journal of Glaucoma ◽

10.1097/ijg.0000000000001570 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (9) ◽

pp. 823-830

Author(s):

Andrew J. Nelson ◽

Zhongdi Chu ◽

Bruce Burkemper ◽

Brenda R. Chang ◽

Benjamin Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Clinical Utility ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽

Face Image ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

En Face ◽

Image Averaging

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Comparison of the Repeatability of Macular Vascular Density Measurements Using Four Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Systems

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2019/4372580 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jingyuan Yang ◽

Mingzhen Yuan ◽

Erqian Wang ◽

Youxin Chen

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Vessel Density ◽

Vascular Density ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Capillary Plexus ◽

Scan Pattern

The aim of this study was to compare the repeatability of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) measurements of macular vessel density using four OCT-A systems, including Heidelberg Spectralis HRA, Optovue RTVue XR, Zeiss Cirrus HD-OCT 5000, and Topcon DRI OCT Triton. A cross-sectional design was used for this study. The vascular density and vascular length density of the superficial and deep retinal capillary plexuses were imaged with OCT-A using 3 mm and 6 mm scan patterns and were calculated using ImageJ. Comparisons of intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were conducted. We found that the OCT-A systems had various levels of repeatability. Zeiss had better repeatability for vessel density than the other systems (overall ICC = 0.936). Optovue had better repeatability for vessel length density when the 6 mm scan pattern was used (ICC = 0.680 and 0.700 for retinal superficial and deep capillary plexus, respectively). We concluded that repeatability varied when different scan patterns of various OCT-A systems were used for imaging the superficial retinal and deep capillary plexuses. Results should be seen as valid only for a given method. The repeatability of various OCT-A systems should be considered in clinical practice and in clinical trials that use OCT-A metrics as outcome measures.

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Quantitative Evaluation of Vascular Density in Diabetic Retinopathy Subtypes using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

10.21203/rs.3.rs-63001/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Fariba Ghassemi ◽

Kaveh Fadakar ◽

Sahar Berijani ◽

Ameneh Babeli ◽

Alireza Gholizadeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Vascular Density ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Potential Biomarker ◽

Capillary Plexus

Abstract Background: To determine the discrepancy between quantitative measurement of retinal and choriocapillaris (CC) vascular density (VD) in diabetic retinopathy (DR) stages using spectral domain optical coherence tomography angiography (SD OCTA) and compare it with normal subjects.Methods: 188 eyes of 97 participants were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Macular OCTA (3x3mm) scan was performed and VD at the level of superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP) and CC were measured with the device software.Results: In normal subjects, VD in SCP, DCP, and CC were higher in all subsegments. In retinal VD, all calculated parameters were reduced in the more extreme stages of DR, except for foveal VD of SCP. There was a constant pattern of decrease in VD of CC from normal cases to cases of NDR and NPDR and then a slight increase happened in the PDR stage but never touching the normal quantities. Age, fasting blood sugar, and years of diabetes mellitus were correlated with reduced VD in different segments. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was positively correlated with parafoveal VD at SCP and VD of foveal area at CC. VD of all subfields of macular area except foveal DCP VD showed reduced levels in diabetic macular edema (DME) patients compared to those without DME.Conclusions: The findings of the study endorse retina VD changes as a potential biomarker for DR development before retinopathy becomes clinically evident. It seems that parafoveal VD of SCP and foveal VD of CC are good biomarkers to predict VA in the diabetic patients.

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Microvascular changes on optical coherence tomography angiography after rhegmatogenous retinal detachment vitrectomy with silicone tamponade

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0248433 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. e0248433

Author(s):

Ji Hye Lee ◽

Young Gun Park

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Retinal Detachment ◽

Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽

Silicone Oil ◽

Foveal Avascular Zone ◽

Vascular Density ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Microvascular Changes ◽

Capillary Plexus

Purpose We aimed to evaluate microvascular changes on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) who underwent silicone oil (SO) tamponade and compare changes according to macular involvement. Methods This retrospective study included 48 patients with unilateral RRD who underwent vitrectomy and SO tamponade and were stable after SO removal. Control data were obtained from the fellow healthy eye. Ophthalmic examinations, including best corrective visual acuity (BCVA) and OCTA, were conducted. Differences in vascular density (VD) in different sections of the macula and differences in the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) were analyzed between the affected eyes and control eyes. Subgroup analyses according to macular involvement were performed. Results Baseline BCVA and duration of SO tamponade were associated with postoperative BCVA (p<0.001, p = 0.03, respectively). The average VD in the deep capillary plexus (DCP) and the VD of the nasal parafoveal area in both the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and the DCP decreased relative to those in the control eyes (p = 0.026, p = 0.028, and p = 0.031, respectively). The FAZ area in the DCP and in the SCP also increased when compared with that in the controls (p = 0.043, p = 0.002, respectively). In addition, the macular-off RRD group had lower VD in the nasal parafoveal area of the DCP than the macular-on RRD group. Conclusion SO tamponade could cause microvascular changes, especially in the nasal parafoveal area. The macular-off RRD group were affected more than the macular-on RRD group.

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Changes In The Macular Vascular Density after Bariatric Surgery Measured by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

10.21203/rs.3.rs-303145/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Malak I ElShazly ◽

Marwa M Salama ◽

Kareem Elessawy

Keyword(s):

Bariatric Surgery ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽

Macular Thickness ◽

Vascular Density ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Short Term ◽

Capillary Plexus ◽

Superficial Capillary Plexus

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the effect of the weight loss, 3 months after bariatric surgery on the macular thickness and macular vascular density by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).Methods: Forty obese patients were included in this prospective study. Body mass index (BMI), macular thickness (whole, fovea, parafovea and perifovea), macular vascular density (VD) in superficial capillary plexus (whole, fovea, parafovea and perifovea), and macular vascular density in deep capillary plexus (whole, fovea, parafovea and perifovea) were measured before and 3 months after bariatric surgery.Results: The BMI was significantly reduced postoperatively to 43.75±4.4 kg/m2 compared to the preoperative results 55.31±5.1 kg/m2 (p<0.0001). There was significant increase in the macular thickness in the fovea and parafovea postoperatively (p <0.001), but was not significant in the perifovea. There was significant increase in the macular vascular density in the deep capillary plexus postoperatively (p<0.05), but, there was no significant increase in the macular vascular density in the superficial capillary plexus postoperatively (p = 0.4). Significant correlations were detected between the BMI changes and changes in different macular parameters.Conclusion: Bariatric surgery showed significant effect on certain indices in the macular thickness and macular vascular density especially in the deep capillary plexus. Therefore, OCTA is considered a valuable tool to assess the short term changes in the macular microcirculation following significant weight reduction.

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Evaluation of Radiation Maculopathy after Treatment of Choroidal Melanoma with Ruthenium-106 using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

10.21203/rs.3.rs-362423/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ali Torkashvand ◽

Hamid Riazi-Esfahani ◽

Fariba Ghassemi ◽

Elias Khalil Pour ◽

Babak Masoomian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽

Choroidal Melanoma ◽

Case Series ◽

Foveal Avascular Zone ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Vascular Area ◽

Capillary Plexus ◽

The Impact ◽

Healthy Eyes

Abstract BACKGROUND: To assess the impact of brachytherapy on macular microvasculature utilizing optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in treated choroidal melanoma.METHODS: In this retrospective observational case series, we reviewed the recorded data of the patients with choroidal melanoma treated with rheuthenium-106 (106Ru) plaque radiotherapy with follow-up period of more than 6 months. Automatically measured OCTA retinal parameters were analyzed after image processing. The non-irradiated fellow eye is considered as the control.RESULTS: Thirty-one eyes of 31 patients with the mean age of 51.1 years were recruited. Six eyes had no radiation maculopathy (RM). From 25 eyes with RM, nine eyes (36%) revealed a burnout macular microvasculature with imperceptible vascular details. Foveal and optic disc radiation dose had the highest value to predict the burnout pattern (ROC, AUC: 0.763, 0.727). Superficial and deep foveal avascular zone (FAZ) were larger in irradiated eyes in comparison to healthy eyes (1629 µm2 vs. 428 µm2, P =0.005; 1837 µm2 vs 268 µm2, P =0.021; respectively). Foveal and parafoveal vascular area density (VAD) and vascular skeleton density (VSD) in both superficial and deep capillary plexus (SCP and DCP) were decreased in all irradiated eyes in comparison with control eyes (P< 0.001). Compared with fellow healthy eyes, irradiated eyes without RM had significantly lower VAD and VSD at foveal and parafoveal DCP (all P<0.02). However, these differences at SCP were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The OCTA is a valuable tool for evaluating RM. Initial subclinical microvascular insult after 106Ru brachytherapy is more likely to occur in DCP. The deep FAZ area was identified as a more critical biomarker of BCVA than superficial FAZ in these patients.

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