scholarly journals Retinal Progression Biomarkers of Early and Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Rita Flores ◽  
Ângela Carneiro ◽  
Sandra Tenreiro ◽  
Miguel C. Seabra
Keyword(s):  
Fundus Autofluorescence ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Risk Of Progression ◽  
Advanced Stages

Early and intermediate AMD patients represent a heterogeneous population with an important but variable risk of progression to more advanced stages of the disease. The five-year progression from early and intermediate AMD to late disease is known to range from 0.4% to 53%. This wide variation explains the particular interest in searching predictive AMD biomarkers. Clinical parameters such as drusen size, presence of pigmentary abnormalities, and fellow eye status were, traditionally, the more important predictive elements. Multimodal retinal assessment (Color Fundus Photography, Optical Coherence Tomography, Optical Coherence Angiography and Fundus Autofluorescence) is providing new and accurate image biomarkers, useful in research and in daily practice. If individual progression risk could be anticipated, then management plans should be adapted accordingly, considering follow-up intervals and therapeutic interventions. Here, we reviewed the most important image progression biomarkers of early and intermediate AMD with relevant interest in clinical practice.

Best Clinical Practice for Age-Related Macular Degeneration Imaging

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Bailey Freund ◽  
Cynthia Toth ◽  
Marco Zarbin
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Fundus Autofluorescence ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Autofluorescence Imaging ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Age Related

Purpose: To identify best clinical practices for macular degeneration imaging. Methods: We reviewed best clinical practices for imaging patients with age-related macular degeneration. These recommendations are based on different levels of evidence (I-III). Results: The type of imaging needed depends to some degree on the clinical scenario: first visit vs follow-up visit vs poorly responsive patient. Conclusions: Imaging technologies that may be useful include optical coherence tomography, fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence imaging, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, and optical coherence tomography angiography.

scholarly journals Assessing Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration in a Mexican Population with Fundus Autofluorescence and Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography

2018 ◽  
Vol 09 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata del Carmen Garcia Franco ◽  
Marlon Rafael Garcia Roa ◽  
Veronica Romero Morales ◽  
Miguel Angel Vazquez Membrillo ◽  
Ximena Mira Lorenzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Fundus Autofluorescence ◽  
Mexican Population ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Spectral Domain ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Subthreshold Exudative Choroidal Neovascularization Associated With Age-Related Macular Degeneration Identified by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 377-385
Author(s):  
Miin Roh ◽  
Joan W. Miller ◽  
Karen W. Jeng-Miller ◽  
Jay C. Wang ◽  
Inês Laíns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Choroidal Neovascularization ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Pigment Epithelial Detachment ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Pigment Epithelial ◽  
Anti Vegf ◽  
Age Related

Purpose: This article describes the clinical and multimodal imaging characteristics of subthreshold exudative choroidal neovascularization (CNV) associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods: Among 3773 patients with AMD, 8 eyes (6 patients) were identified with the clinical phenotype of interest. Dilated fundus examinations, color fundus photography, fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and OCT angiography (OCTA) were performed. Results: OCT typically showed a moderately reflective irregular pigment epithelial detachment with overlying subretinal fluid (SRF). Traditional FA did not show leakage and ICGA showed no definitive neovascular network or hot spots. However, OCTA clearly demonstrated a CNV within the pigment epithelial detachment. The majority of our cases (7 of 8) did not receive antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections, and visual acuity remained stable over the available follow-up period of 1 to 10 years. Conclusions: CNV is often associated with SRF and vision loss in AMD, usually requiring frequent anti-VEGF injections. OCTA allowed us to better identify CNV not readily detected on FA and ICGA. Although some have suggested early clinical intervention with anti-VEGF injections in any case with fluid and confirmed CNV on OCTA, we describe a subset of AMD patients with SRF who may be better managed by observation. These cases may represent a more indolent, mature, and stable vascular network.

scholarly journals An integrated analysis of clinical and morphometric indications of atrophic forms of age-related macular degeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
N. V. Neroeva ◽  
M. V. Ryabina ◽  
A. G. Karmokova ◽  
V. V. Neroev
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Fundus Autofluorescence ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Area Measurement ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Related

The atrophic form of late age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common cause of severe vision loss. Recently, a new classification system has been proposed, which identifies two types of atrophy in the late stage of AMD that require a more detailed study: (1) drusenassociated geographic atrophy (GA), which is the final stage of progression of dry AMD, and (2) macular atrophy (MA), which occurs in wet AMD, including the period of AMD treatment with angiogenesis inhibitors. Purpose: an integrated analysis of clinical and morphometric signs of atrophic AMD forms. Material and methods. 48 people (61eyes) aged 48–84 with GA (group 1) and MA (group 2) and a control group, recruited from age-matching 25 healthy volunteers (35 eyes), underwent standard ophthalmological examinations, fundus autofluorescence (FAF) with lesion area measurement, fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the standard mode and Enhanced Depth Imagine Mode, Multicolor, and OCT angiography. Results. The comparative analysis of two atrophic AMD forms showed that in GA eyes, foci of atrophy capturing the fovea were significantly more common, while, contrariwise in MA eyes atrophic foci not capturing the fovea were more frequent (p < 0.05). Photoreceptor tubulation was diagnosed mainly in eyes with GA (p < 0.05). The morphometric analysis showed a significant decrease in the subfoveal thickness of the choroid in the groups with GA and MA as compared to the control (p < 0.05), whilst no significant differences between two groups were noted. The assessment of the frequency of occurrence of types of fundus AF patterns in groups 1 and 2 followed by a comparative analysis, showed the presence of all types of patterns in GA patients, including the heterogeneous and the bordering pattern (p < 0.05). In the MA group, diffuse and focal types of patterns were revealed, while the frequency of the diffuse pattern turned out to be significantly more frequent (p < 0.05). Conclusion. The integrated analysis revealed the main semiological signs and morphometric parameters, their features and prevalence in GA and MA, which may have diagnostic and prognostic importance for the management and treatment of patients with AMD.

Geographic Atrophy: Clinical Features and Diagnosis

2017 ◽  
pp. 124-127
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Visual Loss ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Fundus Autofluorescence ◽  
Geographic Atrophy ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Age Related

Age-related macular degeneration is the leading cause of irreversible blindness over 65 years of age. Geographic atrophy (GA) is the advanced stage of the dry form of age-related macular degeneration. It is characterized by a central visual loss when the fovea attacked. Detection of GA can be achieved with a number of different imaging techniques, including color fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, fundus autofluorescence, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

scholarly journals High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography Retinal Imaging: A Case Series Illustrating Potential and Limitations

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Puzyeyeva ◽  
Wai Ching Lam ◽  
John G. Flanagan ◽  
Michael H. Brent ◽  
Robert G. Devenyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Sd Oct

Purpose. To present a series of retinal disease cases that were imaged by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in order to illustrate the potential and limitations of this new imaging modality.Methods. The series comprised four selected cases (one case each) of age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO), and branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Patients were imaged using the Heidelberg Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering, Germany) in SD-OCT mode. Patients also underwent digital fundus photography and clinical assessment.Results. SD-OCT imaging of a case of age-related macular degeneration revealed a subfoveal choroidal neovascular membrane with detachment of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and neurosensory retina. Using SD-OCT, the cases of DR and BRVO both exhibited macular edema with cystoid spaces visible in the outer retina.Conclusions. The ability of SD-OCT to clearly and objectively elucidate subtle morphological changes within the retinal layers provides information that can be used to formulate diagnoses with greater confidence.

scholarly journals Age-Related Macular Degeneration Staging by Color Fundus Photography vs. Multimodal Imaging—Epidemiological Implications (The Coimbra Eye Study—Report 6)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia Farinha ◽  
Maria Luz Cachulo ◽  
Rita Coimbra ◽  
Dalila Alves ◽  
Sandrina Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Multimodal Imaging ◽  
Fundus Autofluorescence ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Geographic Atrophy ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Staging Systems

Epidemiology of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is based on staging systems relying on color fundus photography (CFP). We aim to compare AMD staging using CFP to multimodal imaging with optical coherence tomography (OCT), infra-red (IR), and fundus autofluorescence (FAF), in a large cohort from the Epidemiologic AMD Coimbra Eye Study. All imaging exams from the participants of this population-based study were classified by a central reading center. CFP images were graded according to the International Classification and Grading System for AMD and staged with Rotterdam classification. Afterward, CFP images were reviewed with OCT, IR, and FAF and stage update was performed if necessary. Early and late AMD prevalence was compared in a total of 1616 included subjects. In CFP-based grading, the prevalence was 14.11% for early AMD (n = 228) and 1.05% (n = 17) for late AMD, nine cases (0.56%) had neovascular AMD (nAMD) and eight (0.50%) geographic atrophy (GA). Using multimodal grading, the prevalence increased to 14.60% for early AMD (n = 236) and 1.61% (n = 26) for late AMD, with 14 cases (0.87%) of nAMD and 12 (0.74%) of GA. AMD staging was more accurate with the multimodal approach and this was especially relevant for late AMD. We propose that multimodal imaging should be adopted in the future to better estimate and compare epidemiological data in different populations.

scholarly journals Grading of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Comparison between Color Fundus Photography, Fluorescein Angiography, and Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils F. Mokwa ◽  
Tina Ristau ◽  
Pearse A. Keane ◽  
Bernd Kirchhof ◽  
Srinivas R. Sadda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Fluorescein Angiography ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Spectral Domain ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
And Control

Purpose. To compare color fundus photography (FP), fluorescein angiography (FA), and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) for the detection of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), choroidal neovascularisation (CNV), and CNV activity.Methods. FPs, FAs, and SDOCT volume scans from 120 eyes of 66 AMD and control patients were randomly collected. Control eyes were required to show no AMD, but other retinal pathology was allowed. The presence of drusen, pigmentary changes, CNV, and signs for CNV activity was independently analyzed for all imaging modalities.Results. AMD was diagnosed based on FP in 75 eyes. SDOCT and FA showed sensitivity (specificity) of 89% (76%) and 92% (82%), respectively. CNV was present on FA in 68 eyes. Sensitivity (specificity) was 78% (100%) for FP and 94% (98%) for SDOCT. CNV activity was detected by SDOCT or FA in 60 eyes with an agreement in 46 eyes. Sensitivity was 88% for SDOCT and 88% for FA. FP showed sensitivity of 38% and specificity of 98%.Conclusions. CNV lesions and activity may be missed by FP alone, but FP may help identifying drusen and pigmentary changes. SDOCT is highly sensitive for the detection of AMD, CNV, and CNV activity; however, it cannot fully replace FA.

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