Biological Activities of Lactose-Derived Prebiotics and Symbiotic with Probiotics on Gastrointestinal System

Lactose-derived prebiotics provide wide ranges of gastrointestinal comforts. In this review article, the probable biochemical mechanisms through which lactose-derived prebiotics offer positive gastrointestinal health are reported along with the up-to-date results of clinical investigations; this might be the first review article of its kind, to the best of our knowledge. Lactose-derived prebiotics have unique biological and functional values, and they are confirmed as ‘safe’ by the Food and Drug Administration federal agency. Medical practitioners frequently recommend them as therapeutics as a pure form or combined with dairy-based products (yoghurt, milk and infant formulas) or fruit juices. The biological activities of lactose-derived prebiotics are expressed in the presence of gut microflora, mainly probiotics (Lactobacillus spp. in the small intestine and Bifidobacterium spp. in the large intestine). Clinical investigations reveal that galacto-oligosaccharide reduces the risks of several types of diarrhea (traveler’s diarrhea, osmotic diarrhea and Clostridium difficile associated relapsing diarrhea). Lactulose and lactosucrose prevent inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis). Lactulose and lactitol reduce the risk of hepatic encephalopathy. Furthermore, lactulose, galacto-oligosaccharide and lactitol prevent constipation in individuals of all ages. It is expected that the present review article will receive great attention from medical practitioners and food technologists.

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Review article: fungal alterations in inflammatory bowel diseases

Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics ◽

10.1111/apt.15523 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 50 (11-12) ◽

pp. 1159-1171 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Siu Lam ◽

Tao Zuo ◽

Martin Ho ◽

Francis K. L. Chan ◽

Paul K. S. Chan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽

Review Article ◽

Bowel Diseases ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

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Review article: mesenchymal stromal cell therapy for inflammatory bowel diseases

Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics ◽

10.1111/apt.13864 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 205-221 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

C. Grégoire ◽

C. Lechanteur ◽

A. Briquet ◽

É. Baudoux ◽

F. Baron ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Therapy ◽

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽

Mesenchymal Stromal Cell ◽

Stromal Cell ◽

Review Article ◽

Bowel Diseases ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

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Biological Activities of Lactose-Based Prebiotics and Symbiosis with Probiotics on Controlling Osteoporosis, Blood-Lipid and Glucose Levels

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina54060098 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 54 (6) ◽

pp. 98 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Arijit Nath ◽

Máté Molnár ◽

Attila Csighy ◽

Kornélia Kőszegi ◽

Ildikó Galambos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Calcium Binding ◽

Peptide Yy ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Lipid Level ◽

Blood Lipid ◽

Review Article ◽

Mineral Absorption ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Clinical Investigations ◽

Glucagon Like Peptide

Lactose-based prebiotics are synthesized by enzymatic- or microbial- biotransformation of lactose and have unique functional values. In this comprehensive review article, the biochemical mechanisms of controlling osteoporosis, blood-lipid, and glucose levels by lactose-based prebiotics and symbiosis with probiotics are reported along with the results of clinical investigations. Interaction between lactose-based prebiotics and probiotics reduces osteoporosis by (a) transforming insoluble inorganic salts to soluble and increasing their absorption to gut wall; (b) maintaining and protecting mineral absorption surface in the intestine; (c) increasing the expression of calcium-binding proteins in the gut wall; (d) remodeling osteoclasts and osteoblasts formation; (e) releasing bone modulating factors; and (f) degrading mineral complexing phytic acid. Lactose-based prebiotics with probiotics control lipid level in the bloodstream and tissue by (a) suppressing the expressions of lipogenic- genes and enzymes; (b) oxidizing fatty acids in muscle, liver, and adipose tissue; (c) binding cholesterol with cell membrane of probiotics and subsequent assimilation by probiotics; (d) enzymatic-transformations of bile acids; and (e) converting cholesterol to coprostanol and its defecation. Symbiosis of lactose-based prebiotics with probiotics affect plasma glucose level by (a) increasing the synthesis of gut hormones plasma peptide-YY, glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucagon-like peptide-2 from entero-endocrine L-cells; (b) altering glucose assimilation and metabolism; (c) suppressing systematic inflammation; (d) reducing oxidative stress; and (e) producing amino acids. Clinical investigations show that lactose-based prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharide improves mineral absorption and reduces hyperlipidemia. Another lactose-based prebiotic, lactulose, improves mineral absorption, and reduces hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia. It is expected that this review article will be of benefit to food technologists and medical practitioners.

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Intestinal Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Terpenes in Experimental Models (2010–2020): A Review

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25225430 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (22) ◽

pp. 5430

Author(s):

Maria Elaine Araruna ◽

Catarina Serafim ◽

Edvaldo Alves Júnior ◽

Clelia Hiruma-Lima ◽

Margareth Diniz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Structural Diversity ◽

Experimental Models ◽

New Drugs ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Bowel Diseases ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) refer to a group of disorders characterized by inflammation in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, which mainly comprises Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). IBDs are characterized by inflammation of the intestinal mucosa, are highly debilitating, and are without a definitive cure. Their pathogenesis has not yet been fully elucidated; however, it is assumed that genetic, immunological, and environmental factors are involved. People affected by IBDs have relapses, and therapeutic regimens are not always able to keep symptoms in remission over the long term. Natural products emerge as an alternative for the development of new drugs; bioactive compounds are promising in the treatment of several disorders, among them those that affect the gastrointestinal tract, due to their wide structural diversity and biological activities. This review compiles 12 terpenes with intestinal anti-inflammatory activity evaluated in animal models and in vitro studies. The therapeutic approach to IBDs using terpenes acts basically to prevent oxidative stress, combat dysbiosis, restore intestinal permeability, and improve the inflammation process in different signaling pathways.

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Review article: bugs, inflammation and mood-a microbiota-based approach to psychiatric symptoms in inflammatory bowel diseases

Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics ◽

10.1111/apt.15787 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 247-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anne K. Thomann ◽

Joyce W. Y. Mak ◽

Jing Wan Zhang ◽

Torsten Wuestenberg ◽

Matthias P. Ebert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

Review Article ◽

Bowel Diseases ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

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Review article: breath analysis in inflammatory bowel diseases

Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics ◽

10.1111/apt.13050 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 329-341 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

S. Kurada ◽

N. Alkhouri ◽

C. Fiocchi ◽

R. Dweik ◽

F. Rieder

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽

Breath Analysis ◽

Review Article ◽

Bowel Diseases ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

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Probiotic Nutrition for Gastrointestinal Health Modulations in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study (P20-021-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz040.p20-021-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Rajiv Saini

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Test Group ◽

Antioxidant Response ◽

Control Group ◽

Placebo Control ◽

Gastrointestinal Health ◽

Funding Sources ◽

Bowel Diseases ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

To Receive

Abstract Objectives Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which include Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are described as a chronic inflammation of the small intestine and colon, caused by a dysregulated immune response to host intestinal microbiota in genetically susceptible subjects. The aim of this study was to compare probiotic therapy versus placebo in Oxidative Stress Values and clinical features in patients affected by IBD. Methods 40 patients previously diagnosed for IBD were recruited and randomized to receive probiotics (test group, n = 20) or placebo (control group, n = 20) administered for 90 days. Subjects in both the groups were assessed for overall oxidant ability (d-ROMs test) and for the antioxidant response (BAP test): data were reported at baseline, after 1 and 3 months. Additional data from anamnesis and haematological investigation were also reported during the study. Results d-ROM assay clearly showed that the values observed in the test group were significantly improved (436 ± 25 to 345 ± 29), leading to oxidative stress values, which are not pathological. The test group showed increasing BAP values (1740 ± 125 to 2150 ± 125), thus confirming the overall improvements of patient's health following administration of probiotics. Conclusions Oral administration of the multi strain probiotics demonstrated its efficacy and safety on patients affected by IBD. Funding Sources There is no funding source.

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