scholarly journals The Corrosion of Stainless Steel Made by Additive Manufacturing: A Review

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 516
Author(s):  
Gyeongbin Ko ◽  
Wooseok Kim ◽  
Kyungjung Kwon ◽  
Tae-Kyu Lee
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Corrosion Property ◽  
Corrosion Study ◽  
Direct Laser ◽  
Manufacturing Methods ◽  
Traditional Manufacturing ◽  
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Am Processes

The advantages of additive manufacturing (AM) of metals over traditional manufacturing methods have triggered many relevant studies comparing the mechanical properties, corrosion behavior, and microstructure of metals produced by AM or traditional manufacturing methods. This review focuses exclusively on the corrosion property of AM-fabricated stainless steel by comprehensively analyzing the relevant literature. The principles of various AM processes, which have been adopted in the corrosion study of stainless steel, and the corrosion behaviors of stainless steel depending on the AM process, the stainless steel type, and the corrosion environment are summarized. In this comprehensive analysis of relevant literature, we extract dominant experimental factors and the most relevant properties affecting the corrosion of AM-fabricated stainless steel. In selective laser melting, the effects of the scan speed, laser power, energy density, and the post-treatment technologies are usually investigated. In direct laser deposition, the most relevant papers focused on the effect of heat treatments on passive films and the Cr content. There has been no specific trend in the corrosion study of stainless steel that is fabricated by other AM processes, such as wire arc additive manufacturing. Given the rising utilization of AM-produced metal parts, the corrosion issue will be more important in the future, and this review should provide a worthwhile basis for future works.

scholarly journals Investigation of microstructure and hardness of a rib geometry produced by metal forming and wire-arc additive manufacturing

2018 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 02005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Hirtler ◽  
Angelika Jedynak ◽  
Benjamin Sydow ◽  
Alexander Sviridov ◽  
Markus Bambach
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Metal Forming ◽  
Batch Size ◽  
Unit Costs ◽  
Batch Sizes ◽  
Traditional Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Forming Tools ◽  
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Am Processes

Within the scope of consumer-oriented production, individuality and cost-effectiveness are two essential aspects, which can barely be met by traditional manufacturing technologies. Conventional metal forming techniques are suitable for large batch sizes. If variants or individualized components have to be formed, the unit costs rise due to the inevitable tooling costs. For such applications, additive manufacturing (AM) processes, which do not require tooling, are more suitable. Due to the low production rates and limited build space of AM machines, the manufacturing costs are highly dependent on part size and batch size. Hence, a combination of both manufacturing technologies i.e. conventional metal forming and additive manufacturing seems expedient for a number of applications. The current study develops a process chain combining forming and additive manufacturing. First, a semi-finished product is formed with forming tools of reduced complexity and then finished by additive manufacturing. This research investigates the addition of features using AlSi12 created by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) on formed EN-AW 6082 preforms. By forming, the strength of the material was increased, while this effect was partly reduced by the heat input of the WAAM process.

scholarly journals Engineering and Economic Aspects of Additive Manufacturing in Energy Related Industries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandip Dutta ◽  
Sagar Dasgupta ◽  
Geetha Chimata
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Complex Geometry ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Subtractive Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing Methods ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Traditional Manufacturing ◽  
Am Processes

Additive manufacturing is the buzz word these days and many companies are leaning on this technology to leap forward in un-chartered design space that promises to give better performance at impossible to reach design goals with the current manufacturing methods. This paper addresses recent developments that have occurred in Energy related businesses with the adoption of 3D printing, also known as Additive Manufacturing (AM). It covers what and why of additive manufacturing; what constitutes energy and AM industry; current activities in AM for energy; AM for different energy sectors; AM processes; AM applications; selected patents in additive manufacturing associated with energy applications; and economic and financial aspects of AM in energy related industries. In this review paper it was noted that in-spite of phenomenal growth in AM, it seldom replaces traditional production methods due to associated constraints. Many companies are finding complimentary AM processes along with subtractive manufacturing techniques to meet the market demands. However, AM is particularly advantageous and attractive compared to traditional manufacturing methods for low volume complex geometry parts.

Tribological behavior of 17–4 PH stainless steel fabricated by traditional manufacturing and laser-based additive manufacturing methods

Wear ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 440-441 ◽  
pp. 203100
Author(s):  
Sanjeev KC ◽  
P.D. Nezhadfar ◽  
C. Phillips ◽  
M.S. Kennedy ◽  
N. Shamsaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Tribological Behavior ◽  
Manufacturing Methods ◽  
Traditional Manufacturing

scholarly journals Influence of Interpass Temperature on Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) of Aluminium Alloy Components

2019 ◽  
Vol 269 ◽  
pp. 05001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karan Derekar ◽  
Jonathan Lawrence ◽  
Geoff Melton ◽  
Adrian Addison ◽  
Xiang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Deposition Pattern ◽  
Formed Product ◽  
Traditional Manufacturing ◽  
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Interpass Temperature ◽  
Temperature Sample ◽  
Better Than

Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) technique has revealed the potential of replacing existing aerospace industry parts manufactured by traditional manufacturing routes. The reduced mechanical properties compared to wrought products, the porosity formation, and solidification cracking are the prime constraints that are restricting wide-spread applications of WAAM products using aluminium alloys. An interpass temperature is less studied in robotic WAAM and is the vital aspect affecting the properties of a formed product. This paper highlights the effects of change in interpass temperature on porosity content and mechanical properties of WAAM parts prepared using DC pulsed GMAW process, with 5356 aluminium consumable wire. The samples prepared with different interpass temperatures were studied for the distribution of pores with the help of computed tomography radiography (CT radiography) technique. A WAAM sample produced with higher interpass temperature revealed 10.41% less porosity than the sample prepared with lower interpass temperature. The pores with size less than 0.15mm3 were contributing over 95% of the overall porosity content. Additionally, on a volumetric scale, small pores (<0.15mm3) in the higher interpass temperature sample contributed 81.47% of overall volume of pores whereas only 67.92% volume was occupied in lower interpass temperature sample with same sized pores. The different solidification rates believed to have influence on the hydrogen evolution mechanism. Tensile properties of higher interpass temperature sample were comparatively better than lower interpass temperature sample. For the deposition pattern used in this study, horizontal specimens were superior to vertical specimens in tensile properties.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Machining Process of Titanium Ti6Al-4V Parts Manufactured by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM)

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Veiga ◽  
Alain Gil Del Val ◽  
Alfredo Suárez ◽  
Unai Alonso
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Machine Tools ◽  
Optimal Strategies ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Plasma Arc Welding ◽  
Traditional Manufacturing ◽  
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

In the current days, the new range of machine tools allows the production of titanium alloy parts for the aeronautical sector through additive technologies. The quality of the materials produced is being studied extensively by the research community. This new manufacturing paradigm also opens important challenges such as the definition and analysis of the optimal strategies for finishing-oriented machining in this type of part. Researchers in both materials and manufacturing processes are making numerous advances in this field. This article discusses the analysis of the production and subsequent machining in the quality of TI6Al4V produced by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM), more specifically Plasma Arc Welding (PAW). The promising results observed make it a viable alternative to traditional manufacturing methods.

Incorporating Manufacturing Constraints in Topology Optimization Methods: A Survey

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alok Sutradhar ◽  
Jaejong Park ◽  
Payam Haghighi ◽  
Jacob Kresslein ◽  
Duane Detwiler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Topology Optimization ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Complex Geometries ◽  
Manufacturing Constraints ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Optimization Framework ◽  
Manufacturing Methods ◽  
Traditional Manufacturing

Topology optimization provides optimized solutions with complex geometries which are often not suitable for direct manufacturing without further steps or post-processing by the designer. There has been a recent progression towards linking topology optimization with additive manufacturing, which is less restrictive than traditional manufacturing methods, but the technology is still in its infancy being costly, time-consuming, and energy inefficient. For applications in automotive or aerospace industries, the traditional manufacturing processes are still preferred and utilized to a far greater extent. Adding manufacturing constraints within the topology optimization framework eliminates the additional design steps of interpreting the topology optimization result and converting it to viable manufacturable parts. Furthermore, unintended but inevitable deviations that occur during manual conversion from the topology optimized result can be avoided. In this paper, we review recent advances to integrate (traditional) manufacturing constraints in the topology optimization process. The focus is on the methods that can create manufacturable and well-defined geometries. The survey will discuss the advantages, limitations, and related challenges of manufacturability in topology optimization.

scholarly journals Development of a Low-Cost Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing System

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Miguel Navarro ◽  
Amer Matar ◽  
Seyid Fehmi Diltemiz ◽  
Mohsen Eshraghi
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Plain Carbon Steel ◽  
Metal Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Gas Tungsten Arc ◽  
Manufacturing Platform ◽  
Traditional Manufacturing ◽  
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Metal Additive

Due to their unique advantages over traditional manufacturing processes, metal additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have received a great deal of attention over the last few years. Using current powder-bed fusion AM technologies, metal components are very expensive to manufacture, and machines are complex to build and maintain. Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a new method of producing metallic components with high efficiency at an affordable cost, which combines welding and 3D printing. In this work, gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) is incorporated into a gantry system to create a new metal additive manufacturing platform. Design and build of a simple, affordable, and effective WAAM system is explained and the most frequently seen problems are discussed with their suggested solutions. Effect of process parameters on the quality of two additively manufactured alloys including plain carbon steel and Inconel 718 were studied. System design and troubleshooting for the wire arc AM system is presented and discussed.

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