scholarly journals Cone Clogging of Submerged Entry Nozzle in Rare Earth Treated Ultra-Low Carbon Al-Killed Steel and Its Effect on the Flow Field and Vortex in the Mold

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 662
Author(s):  
Chengjian Hua ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Dieter Senk ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Submerged Entry Nozzle ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Nozzle Clogging ◽  
Geometry Model ◽  
Industrial Experiment ◽  
Eddy Simulation ◽  
Large Eddy ◽  
Interface Fluctuation

Two submerged entry nozzles (SENs) used for casting 1300 tons and 260 tons of Al-killed steel were dissected. Several parameters including block rate, nozzle clog angle, port width, and port height of the clogged nozzle were introduced to describe the geometry of clogs in the SENs based on the dissection; furthermore, a geometry model was established to describe the characteristics of the nozzle clogging of the SENs. A large-eddy simulation (LES) coupled with the volume of fraction (VOF) method was adopted to simulate the steel–slag interface’s interaction behavior. The vortex visualization and rotation magnitude were characterized by the Liutex method. Quantitatively, the influence of nozzle clogging resulted in block rates of 0% to 45.9% on the flow and vortex distribution in the mold, and the characteristics of the steel–slag interface fluctuation were well verified in the industrial experiment.

scholarly journals Effect of Electromagnetic Frequency on the Flow Behavior in Mold during Bloom Casting

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1828
Author(s):  
Xianglong Li ◽  
Shaoyan Hu ◽  
Deyong Wang ◽  
Tianpeng Qu ◽  
Qi Quan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Force ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Submerged Entry Nozzle ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Coupled Fields ◽  
Eddy Simulation ◽  
Injection Zone ◽  
Large Eddy ◽  
Les Model ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Considering solidification, a large eddy simulation (LES) model of two-phase flow was established to simulate the thermal–magnetic flow coupled fields inside a jumbo bloom. The magnetic field was calculated based on Maxwell’s equations, constitutive equations, and Ohm’s law. An enthalpy–porosity technique was used to model the solidification of the steel. The movement of the free surface was described by the volume of fluid (VOF) approach. With the effect of electromagnetic stirring (MEMS), the vortices in the bloom tended to be strip-like; large vortices mostly appeared in the injection zone, while small ones were found near the surface of the bloom. It is newly found that even though the submerged entry nozzle (SEN) is asymmetrical about the bloom, a biased flow can also be found under the effect of MEMS. The reason for this phenomenon is because the magnetic force is asymmetrical and transient. A high frequency will reduce the period of biased flow; however, the frequency should not be too high because it could also intensify meniscus fluctuations and thus entrap slag droplets in the mold. The velocity near the solidification front can also be increased with a higher frequency.

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