scholarly journals Electrically and Ultrasonically Enhanced Transdermal Delivery of Methotrexate

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiep Nguyen ◽  
Ajay Banga
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Drug Distribution ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Transepidermal Water Loss ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Cadaver Skin

In this study, we used sonophoresis and iontophoresis to enhance the in vitro delivery of methotrexate through human cadaver skin. Iontophoresis was applied for 60 min at a 0.4 mA/sq·cm current density, while low-frequency sonophoresis was applied at a 20 kHz frequency (2 min application, and 6.9 W/sq·cm intensity). The treated skin was characterized by dye binding, transepidermal water loss, skin electrical resistance, and skin temperature measurement. Both sonophoresis and iontophoresis resulted in a significant reduction in skin electrical resistance as well as a marked increase in transepidermal water loss value (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the ultrasonic waves resulted in a significant increase in skin temperature (p < 0.05). In permeation studies, the use of iontophoresis led to a significantly higher drug permeability than the untreated group (n = 4, p < 0.05). The skin became markedly more permeable to methotrexate after the treatment by sonophoresis than by iontophoresis (p < 0.01). A synergistic effect for the combined application of sonophoresis and iontophoresis was also observed. Drug distribution in the skin layers revealed a significantly higher level of methotrexate in the sonicated skin than that in iontophoresis and untreated groups. Iontophoresis and low-frequency sonophoresis were found to enhance the transdermal and intradermal delivery of methotrexate in vitro.

scholarly journals Transepidermal Water Loss Does Not Correlate with Skin Barrier Function In Vitro

2002 ◽  
Vol 118 (5) ◽  
pp. 871-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Chilcott ◽  
Christopher H. Dalton ◽  
Andrew J. Emmanuel ◽  
Ceri E. Allen ◽  
Simon T. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Transepidermal Water Loss ◽  
Skin Barrier Function

The influence of natural functional clothing on some biophysical parameters of the skin

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (8) ◽  
pp. 1381-1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Zimniewska ◽  
Mariola Pawlaczyk ◽  
Izabella Krucinska ◽  
Iwona Frydrych ◽  
Przemysław Mikolajczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Symptom Relief ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Transepidermal Water Loss ◽  
Biophysical Parameters ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Skin Moisture

The objectives of the study were to develop functional natural fiber clothing with microcapsules containing active herbal extracts with properties enhancing the treatment of dermatoses and to confirm the efficiency of the clothing's activity by testing its effect on the biophysical parameters of human skin. As a result of the work, clothing enriched with green tea and Viola tricolor extracts enclosed in ethyl cellulose microcapsules was produced. The microcapsules were applied on the inner surface of linen knitted fabric, which ensured direct contact of the active substances with the patients' affected skin. The efficiency of the clothing was tested according to our own methodology, which included wearing tests, microbiological tests of the skin and tests of skin moisture, transepidermal water loss and itching intensity. Also, the effect of the active substances present on the fabrics on the in vitro culture of human keratinocytes was evaluated. The test results confirmed that linen clothing enriched with medicinal plant extracts enclosed in microcapsules had an effect on the reduction of itching intensity, an increase in skin moisture, reduction of transepidermal water loss and a reduction of pathogenic bacterial colonies residing on the patients' skin. They confirmed that the new method of administering herbal substances to the skin of dermatological patients via the wearing of functional clothing is effective and leads to symptom relief. The studies allowed for the filing of a patent submission, number P 411869, titled “The clothing acting as a dressing supplement in the therapy of dermatological diseases.”

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