scholarly journals Nitrogen and Sulphur Fertilisation for Marketable Yields of Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. Capitata), Leaf Nitrate and Glucosinolates and Nitrogen Losses Studied in a Field Experiment in Central Slovenia

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1304
Author(s):  
Nina Kacjan Maršić ◽  
Ksenija Sinkovič Može ◽  
Rok Mihelič ◽  
Marijan Nečemer ◽  
Metka Hudina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilisation ◽  
Aliphatic Glucosinolates ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Central Slovenia

A field trial of white cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. Capitata L.) was carried out under the humid temperate climate conditions in Central Slovenia to investigate the effects of calcium ammonium nitrate (0, 180 and 240 kg N ha−1) and gypsum (0 and 40 kg S ha−1) fertilisation on yield, yield quality (nitrate, glucosinolate levels and glucosinolate profile) and nitrogen use efficiency. The highest marketable yield, dry matter yield and nitrogen uptake were obtained at the highest nitrogen fertilisation rate when in combination with sulphur. For this treatment, the nitrogen surplus in the soil after harvesting was lower than for the same nitrogen fertilisation without sulphur application. For the combination N240S40, the sulphur addition significantly increased nitrogen use efficiency, which resulted in reduced nitrate content in the cabbage heads. The chemical forms of glucosinolates showed that 80–85% were aliphatic glucosinolates with the remainder as the indole group. For the aliphatic glucosinolates, significant interactions between nitrogen and sulphur fertilisations were reflected in increased levels of progoitrin and glucoiberin when sulphur was applied at the lower nitrogen fertilisation rates. For the indole group, the levels of glucobrassicin and the indole group itself decreased at higher nitrogen fertilisation rates, independent of sulphur fertilisation.

A computational history and outlook of nitrogen use efficiency and precipitation-optimal fertilisation timings in agriculture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel McKay Flecher ◽  
Siul Ruiz ◽  
Tiago Dias ◽  
Katherine Williams ◽  
Chiara Petroselli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilisation ◽  
Plant Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Rainfall Patterns

<p>Half of the nitrogen applied to arable-fields is lost through several processes linked to soil moisture. Low soil moisture limits nitrogen mobility reducing nitrogen-uptake while wetter conditions can increase nitrogen leaching. Rainfall ultimately governs soil moisture and the fate of nitrogen in soil. However, the interaction between rainfall and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) remains poorly understood.</p> <p>We developed a field-scale modelling platform that describes coupled water and nitrogen transport, root growth and uptake, rainfall, the nitrogen-cycle and leaching to assess the NUE of split fertilisations with realistic rainfall patterns. The model was solved for every possible split fertilisation timing in 200+ growing seasons to determine optimal timings. Two previous field trials regarding rainfall and NUE had contrasting results: wetter years have enhanced fertiliser loss and drier years reduced plant nitrogen uptake. By choosing appropriate fertilisation timings in the model we could recreate the two contrasting trends and maintain variability in the data. However, we found by choosing other fertilisation timings we could mitigate the leaching in wetter years. Optimised timings could increase plant nitrogen uptake by up to 35% compared to the mean in dry years. Plant uptake was greatest under drier conditions due to mitigated leaching, but less likely to occur due to low nitrogen mobility. Optimal fertilisation timings varied dramatically depending on the rainfall patterns. Historic and projected rainfall patterns from 1950-2069 were used in the model. We found optimal NUE has a decrease from 2022-2040 due to increased heavy rainfall events and optimal fertilisation timings are later in the season but varied largely on a season-to-season basis.</p> <p>The results are a step towards achieving improved nitrogen efficiency in agriculture by using the ‘at the right time’ agronomic-strategy in the ‘4Rs’ of improved nitrogen fertilisation. Our results can help determine nitrogen fertilisation timings in changing climates.</p>

Using a modelling approach to evaluate two options for improving animal nitrogen use efficiency and reducing nitrous oxide emissions on dairy farms in southern Australia

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 1960 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Christie ◽  
R. P. Rawnsley ◽  
M. T. Harrison ◽  
R. J. Eckard
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Dairy Systems ◽  
Supplementary Feed ◽  
Mn Concentrations

Ruminant livestock are generally considered inefficient converters of dietary nitrogen (N) into animal product. Animal nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is a measure of the relative transformation of feed N into product and in dairy systems this is often expressed as milk N per unit of N intake (g milk N/100 g N intake). This study was a theoretical exercise to explore the relative potential efficacy and value proposition of breeding versus feeding to improve NUE, reduce urinary N excretion and associated environmental impact in pasture-based dairy systems. The biophysical whole farm systems model DairyMod was used across three dairying regions of south-eastern Australia representing a high-rainfall cool temperate climate (HRCT), a high-rainfall temperate climate (HRT) and a medium-rainfall temperate climate (MRT) to examine the two theoretical approaches of (1) maintaining the same amount of N exported in milk from a reduced N intake; and (2) increasing the amount of N exported in milk for the same amount of dietary N intake. Sixteen scenarios were explored for each site; these include four supplementary feed N (SN) concentrations (ranging from 1% to 4% N) combined with four milk N (MN) concentrations (ranging from 0.50% to 0.65% N). Reducing the SN concentration from 4% to 1% increased the 30-year mean model-predicted NUEs from ~16 g milk N/100 g N intake at all three sites to between 23 and 28 g milk N/100 g N intake, with the least and greatest improvements in NUE occurring for the HRCT and MRT sites, respectively. Corresponding to this improved NUE through reduced SN concentrations, model-predicted N2O emissions declined from 3.0 to 1.3 t carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2-e)/ha.annum for the HRCT site, from 4.2 to 2.1 t CO2-e/ha.annum for the HRT site and from 4.4 to 2.1 t CO2-e/ha.annum for the MRT site, representing a decline of between 50% and 57%. In contrast, increasing the MN concentration from 0.50% to 0.65% increased the 30-year mean model-predicted NUEs from 17 to 22 g milk N/100 g N intake for the HRCT site, from 18 to 23 g milk N/100 g N intake for the HRT site and from 18 to 24 g milk N/100 g N intake for the MRT site. Corresponding to the improved NUE through increased MN concentrations, model-predicted N2O emissions declined from 2.3 to 2.0 t CO2-e/ha.annum for the HRCT site, from 3.3 to 3.1 t CO2-e/ha.annum for the HRT site and from 3.4 to 3.2 t CO2-e/ha.annum for the MRT site; representing a decline of between 7% and 11%. These results suggest that improving animal NUE to reduce associated N2O losses holds much more promise if achieved through a reduction in the amount of N in supplementary feed than through increasing N exported in milk. This is an important finding for the Australian dairy industry, since manipulation of dietary N to better balance the energy to protein ratio would be much easier to implement than manipulation of N concentration in milk through genetics.

scholarly journals Ectopic expression of a grape nitrate transporter VvNPF6.5 improves nitrate content and nitrogen use efficiency in Arabidopsis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yani He ◽  
Xiaojun Xi ◽  
Qian Zha ◽  
Yuting Lu ◽  
Aili Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrate Uptake ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Nitrate Transporter ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Ph Dependent ◽  
Nitrate Response

Abstract Background Nitrate plays an important role in grapevines vegetative and reproductive development. However, how grapevines uptake, translocate and utilize nitrate and the molecular mechanism still remains to be investigated. Results In this study, we report the functional characterization of VvNPF6.5, a member of nitrate transporter 1/peptide transporter family (NRT1/PTR/NPF) in Vitis vinifera. Subcellular localization in Arabidopsis protoplasts indicated that VvNPF6.5 is plasma membrane localized. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis indicated that VvNPF6.5 is expressed predominantly in roots and stems and its expression is rapidly induced by nitrate. Functional characterization using cRNA-injected Xenopus laevis oocytes showed that VvNPF6.5 uptake nitrate in a pH dependent way and function as a dual-affinity nitrate transporter involved in both high- and low-affinity nitrate uptake. Further ectopic expression of VvNPF6.5 in Arabidopsis resulted in more 15NO3− accumulation in shoots and roots and significantly improved nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Moreover, VvNPF6.5 might participate in the nitrate signaling by positively regulating the expression of primary nitrate response genes. Conclusion Our results suggested that VvNPF6.5 encodes a pH-dependent, dual-affinity nitrate transporter. VvNPF6.5 regulates nitrate uptake and allocation in grapevines and is involved in primary nitrate response.

Reducing the nitrate content of burley tobacco by grafting with flue-cured tobacco

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuqing Feng ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhao ◽  
Geng Li ◽  
Yafei Li ◽  
Jun Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Chlorophyll Metabolism ◽  
Tobacco Leaves ◽  
Burley Tobacco ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract Background: Nitrosition of tobacco pyridine alkaloids by nitrate-derived NOx is the origin of tobacco-specifc nitrosamines (TSNAs) formed in tobacco, which are among the most notable toxicants present in tobacco products and smoke. Burley tobacco is particularly susceptible to TSNA formation because the cultivars exhibit a chloroplast-deficient and nitrogen-use-defciency phenotype which results in high accumulation of nitrate. Strategies to lower nitrate levels in tobacco could produce a corresponding decrease in TSNAs accumulation in leaves. Previous studies have showed that grafting with high nitrogen use efficiency rootstock was able to improve the nitrogen utilization of flue-cured tobacco. In this study, a reciprocativel grafting experiment has been conducted with two varieties of different tobacco types (burley tobacco ‘Eyan No.1’ and flue-cured tobacco ‘K326’) to investigate whether replacing burley tobacco root with flue-cured tobacco by grafting can enhance pigment biosynthesis and photosynthesis parameters and reduce nitrate content of burley tobacco leaves, and to explore the corresponding mechanism. Results: The results showed that compared with the self-rooted burley tobacco seedlings, grafting significantly increased the pigment content, net photosynthesis, biomass, total soluble sugar, reducing sugar, nitrate reductase activity, glutamine synthetase activities, NH4-N and soluble protein content of the leaves of Eyan No.1 while decreased the nitrate content and NO3-N/TN. Interestingly, transcription level analysis suggested that replacing burley tobacco root with flue-cured tobacco by grafting was able to up-regulate the genes involved in starch and sucrose metabolism, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, carbon fixation in photosynthetic organism metabolism, carotenoid biosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism of burley tobacco leaves. In addition, the PPI network revealed gene_68511, gene_35043 and gene_77508 had higher degrees via replacing burley tobacco root with flue-cured tobacco, which might be hub proteins to reduce nitrate accumulation. Conclusions: In conclusion, grafting with high nitrogen use efficiency rootstock provided an exceptionally promising means of nitrate reduction in burley tobacco leaf , which is a principle precursor of TSNAs, due to the improvement of photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism in the scion.

ROLE OF CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE IN IMPROVING PRODUCTION WATER AND NITROGEN EFFICIENCY OF WHEAT UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 1139-1148
Author(s):  
Othman & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Nitrogen Efficiency ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

The research work was conducted in Izra’a Research station, which affiliated to the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), during the growing seasons (2016 – 2017; 2017 – 2018), in order to evaluate the response of two durum wheat verities (Douma3 and Cham5) and two bread wheat varieties (Douma4 and Cham6) to Conservation Agriculture (CA) as a full package compared with Conventional Tillage system (CT) under rainfed condition using lentils (Variety Edleb3) in the applied crop rotation. The experiment was laid according to split-split RCBD with three replications. The average of biological yield, grain yield,  rainwater use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency was significantly higher during the first growing season, under conservation agriculture in the presence of crop rotation, in the variety Douma3 (7466 kg. ha-1, and 4162kg. ha-1, 19.006 kg ha-1 mm-1,  39.62 kg N m-2respectively). The two varieties Douma3 and Cham6 are considered more responsive to conservation agriculture system in the southern region of Syria, because they recorded the highest grain yields (2561, 2385 kg ha-1 respectively) compared with the other studied varieties (Cham5 and Douma4) (1951 and 1724 kg ha-1 respectively). They also exhibited the highest values of both rainwater and nitrogen use efficiency.

Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Mid-seasonIndicaRice Cultivars Applied at Different Decades

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Xin JU ◽  
Jin TAO ◽  
Xi-Yang QIAN ◽  
Jun-Fei GU ◽  
Bu-Hong ZHAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Use Efficiency
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