scholarly journals Deep Residual Involution Network for Hyperspectral Image Classification

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 3055
Author(s):  
Zhe Meng ◽  
Feng Zhao ◽  
Miaomiao Liang ◽  
Wen Xie
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Hyperspectral Image ◽  
Feature Learning ◽  
Spatial Interactions ◽  
University Of Houston ◽  
Salinas Valley ◽  
Benchmark Datasets ◽  
Convolution Kernels ◽  
The University ◽  
Spatial Locations

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved great results in hyperspectral image (HSI) classification in recent years. However, convolution kernels are reused among different spatial locations, known as spatial-agnostic or weight-sharing kernels. Furthermore, the preference of spatial compactness in convolution (typically, 3×3 kernel size) constrains the receptive field and the ability to capture long-range spatial interactions. To mitigate the above two issues, in this article, we combine a novel operation called involution with residual learning and develop a new deep residual involution network (DRIN) for HSI classification. The proposed DRIN could model long-range spatial interactions well by adopting enlarged involution kernels and realize feature learning in a fairly lightweight manner. Moreover, the vast and dynamic involution kernels are distinct over different spatial positions, which could prioritize the informative visual patterns in the spatial domain according to the spectral information of the target pixel. The proposed DRIN achieves better classification results when compared with both traditional machine learning-based and convolution-based methods on four HSI datasets. Especially in comparison with the convolutional baseline model, i.e., deep residual network (DRN), our involution-powered DRIN model increases the overall classification accuracy by 0.5%, 1.3%, 0.4%, and 2.3% on the University of Pavia, the University of Houston, the Salinas Valley, and the recently released HyRANK HSI benchmark datasets, respectively, demonstrating the potential of involution for HSI classification.

scholarly journals Short- and long-range spatial interactions: A redefinition

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 1302-1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzvetomir Tzvetanov ◽  
Lidwine Simon
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Spatial Interactions

Getting Acquainted with the University and the City, 1960s–Early 1970s

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-112
Author(s):  
Uzma Quraishi
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
South Asians ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asian Students ◽  
Racial Identities ◽  
University Of Houston ◽  
College Towns ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The University ◽  
The City

Chapter 2 details the arrival of South Asian students and immigrants in Houston during the 1960s. Along with college towns and major cities across the United States, Houston was an ideal host city for would-be immigrants. South Asians constructed ethnic, national, class, and racial identities through the university and the city. The University of Houston became the cultural hub and a key site for identity formation.

Synthesis of Substituted Benzenes: The Carter Synthesis of Siamenol

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglass Taber
Keyword(s):  
Aryl Halides ◽  
Substituted Benzenes ◽  
Diversity Oriented Synthesis ◽  
University Of Illinois ◽  
University Of Houston ◽  
Direct Functionalization ◽  
University Of Edinburgh ◽  
Aryl Tosylates ◽  
La Jolla ◽  
The University

Tosylates are among the least expensive, but also among the least reactive toward Pd(0) oxidative addition, of aryl sulfonates. Jie Wu of Fudan University has now devised conditions (J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 9346) for the Pd-catalyzed coupling of aryl tosylates such as 1 with arene trifluoroborates. Kei Manabe of RIKEN has found (Organic Lett. 2007, 9, 5593) that an ortho OH activates an adjacent Cl for Pd-mediated coupling, allowing the conversion of 4 to 6 . Philippe Uriac and Pierre van de Weghe of the Université de Rennes I have developed (Organic Lett. 2007, 9, 3623) conditions for the catalytic acylation of aryl halides with alkenyl acetates such as 8. Multi-component coupling lends itself well to diversity-oriented synthesis. As illustrated by the combination of 10 with 11 and 12 to give 13 reported (Organic Lett. 2007, 9, 5589) by Michael F. Greaney of the University of Edinburgh, benzynes can do double addition with high regiocontrol. For other recent references to unsymmetrical double additions to arynes, see Angew.Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 5921; Chem. Commun. 2007, 2405; and J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 14042. C-H functionalization of arenes is of increasing importance. John F. Hartwig of the University of Illinois has described (Organic Lett. 2007, 9, 757; 761) improved conditions for Ir-catalyzed meta borylation, and conditions for further coupling of the initial borate 16 to give amines such as 17. Lei Liu and Qing-Xiang Guo of the University of Science and Technology, Hefei have found (Tetrahedron Lett. 2007, 48, 5449) that oxygen can be used as the stoichiometric oxidant in the Pd-catalyzed functionalization of H’s ortho to anilides. Two other research groups (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 6066; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 5554; J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 7720) reported advances in this area. In a close competition, Jin-Quan Yu, now at Scripps/La Jolla (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 3510) and Olafs Daugulis of the University of Houston (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 9879) both reported that a carboxyl group can activate an ortho H for direct functionalization.

Heteroaromatic Construction: The Fukuyama Synthesis of Tryprostatin A

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglass F. Taber
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
University Of California ◽  
University Of Arkansas ◽  
Yale University ◽  
Au Catalyst ◽  
University Of Houston ◽  
Selective Substitution ◽  
Mcgill University ◽  
La Jolla ◽  
The University

Alessandro Palmieri of the University of Camerino developed (Synlett 2010, 2468) the condensation of a nitro acrylate 1 with a 1,3-dicarbonyl partner 2 to give the furan 3. Chaozhong Li of the Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry showed (Tetrahedron Lett. 2010, 51, 3678) that an alkenyl halide 4 could be cyclized to the furan 5. Ayhan S. Demir of Middle East Technical University established (Chem. Commun. 2010, 46, 8032) that a Au catalyst could catalyze the addition of an amine 7 to a cyanoester 6 to give the pyrrole 8 . Bruce A. Arndtsen of McGill University effected (Org. Lett. 2010, 12, 4916) the net three-component coupling of an imine 9, an acid chloride 10, and an alkyne 11 to deliver the pyrrole 12. Bernard Delpech of CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette prepared (Org. Lett. 2010, 12, 4760) the pyridine 15 by combining the diene 13 with the incipient carbocation 14. Max Malacria, Vincent Gandon, and Corinne Aubert of UPMC Paris optimized (Synlett 2010, 2314) the internal Co-mediated cyclization of a nitrile alkyne 5 to the tetrasubstituted pyridine 17. Yoshiaki Nakao of Kyoto University and Tamejiro Hiyama, now at Chuo University, effected (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 13666) selective substitution of a preformed pyridine 18 at the C-4 position by coupling with an alkene 19. We showed (J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 5737) that the anion from deprotonation of a pyridine 21 could be added in a conjugate sense to 22 to give 23. Other particularly useful strategies for further substitution of preformed pyridines have been described by Olafs Daugulis of the University of Houston (Org. Lett. 2010, 12, 4277), by Phil S. Baran of Scripps/La Jolla (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 13194), and by Robert G. Bergmann of the University of California, Berkeley, and Jonathan A. Ellman of Yale University (J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 7863). K. C. Majumdar of the University of Kalyani developed (Tetrahedron Lett. 2010, 51, 3807) the oxidative Pd-catalyzed cylization of 24 to the indole 25. Nan Zheng of the University of Arkansas showed (Org. Lett. 2010, 12, 3736) that Fe could be used to catalyze the rearrangement of the azirine 26 to the indole 27.

Some Properties of Hyperspaces with Applications to Continua Theory

1979 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Grispolakis ◽  
Sam B. Nadler ◽  
E. D. Tymchatyn
Keyword(s):  
Covering Property ◽  
University Of Houston ◽  
Chainable Continua ◽  
The University

In 1972, Lelek introduced the notion of Class (W) in his seminar at the University of Houston [see below for definitions of concepts mentioned here]. Since then there has been much interest in classifying and characterizing continua in Class (W). For example, Cook has a result [5, Theorem 4] which implies that any hereditarily indecomposible continuum is in Class (W) Read [21, Theorem 4] showed that all chainable continua are in Class (W), and Feuerbacher proved the following result:(1.1) THEOREM [7, Theorem 7]. A non-chainable circle-like continuum is in Class (W) if and only if it is not weakly chainableIn [14, 4.2 and section 6], a covering property (denoted here and in [18] by CP) was defined and studied primarily for the purpose of proving that indecomposability is a Whitney property for the class of chainable continua [14, 4.3].

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