scholarly journals Advanced Technologies for the Improvement of Spray Application Techniques in Spanish Viticulture: An Overview

Sensors ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 691-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio Gil ◽  
Jaume Arnó ◽  
Jordi Llorens ◽  
Ricardo Sanz ◽  
Jordi Llop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spray Application ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Application Techniques

scholarly journals Advanced Technologies for the Improvement of Spray Application Techniques in Spanish Viticulture: An Overview

2015 ◽  
pp. 181-208
Author(s):  
Emilio Gil ◽  
Jaume Arnó ◽  
Jordi Llorens ◽  
Ricardo Sanz ◽  
Jordi Llop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spray Application ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Application Techniques

Biomechanical Comparison of Fibrin Sealants for Mesh Fixation

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 633-636
Author(s):  
Charles P. Shahan ◽  
Nathaniel F. Stoikes ◽  
Esra Roan ◽  
Patrick Reese ◽  
David L. Webb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mesh Fixation ◽  
Early Recurrence ◽  
Fixation Strength ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Lap Shear ◽  
Application Techniques ◽  
Tissue Interface ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Biomechanical Comparison ◽  
Early Fixation

Adhesive use for fixation in hernia repair allows for complete and immediate mesh surface area adherence. Little is known about the fixation strengths of the products and application methods available. The purpose of this study was to compare the immediate and early strength of fixation of Tisseel™ and Evicel™ using hand and spray application techniques. Sixteen Mongrel swine underwent implantation of large-pore, mid-weight polypropylene mesh fixated with either Tisseel™ or Evicel™, applied by hand or with a spray apparatus. Time points studied were zero and four days. All samples underwent lap shear testing to quantify the strength of the mesh–tissue interface as an indicator of mesh fixation strength. Thirty Day 4 and 16 Day 0 samples were tested. Manually applied Tisseel™ mean fixation strength was 2.05 N/cm at Day 0 and 6.02 N/cm at Day 4. Sprayed Tisseel™ had mean fixation strength of 1.22 N/cm at Day 0 and 7.21 N/cm at Day 4. Manually applied Evicel™ showed mean fixation strength of 0.92 N/cm at Day 0 and 6.73 N/cm at Day 4. Mean fixation strength of sprayed Evicel™ was 0.72 N/cm at Day 0 and 6.70 N/cm at Day 4. Analysis of variance showed no difference between groups at Day 0 or Day 4. Immediate strength of mesh fixation could have significant implications for early recurrence and mesh contraction. This study demonstrates that no difference exists in immediate or early fixation strength between these two brands of sealants or their method of application.

SPRAY APPLICATION TECHNIQUES IN BLACK CURRANT PLANTATIONS OF TWO SYSTEMS

1993 ◽  
pp. 529-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Doruchowski ◽  
B.H. Labanowska ◽  
W. Goszczynski ◽  
A. Godyn
Keyword(s):  
Spray Application ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Application Techniques

scholarly journals Comparing Spray Gun and Spray Boom Applications in Two Ivy Crops with Different Crop Densities

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Foqué ◽  
Jan G. Pieters ◽  
David Nuyttens
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Spray Deposition ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Adaxial Side ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
Application Techniques ◽  
Spray Distribution ◽  
Greenhouse Growers ◽  
Spray Gun

Flemish greenhouse growers predominantly use handheld spray guns and lances for their crop protection purposes despite the heavy workload and high risk for operator exposure associated with these techniques. These spray application techniques have also shown to be less effective than spray boom equipment under many conditions. Handheld spraying techniques are less expensive, however, and they are more flexible in practical use. Many growers also erroneously believe that high spray volumes and pressures are needed to assure good plant protection. The aim of this work was to evaluate the spray deposition, penetration, and uniformity between a manually pulled horizontal spray boom as compared with a spray gun under controlled laboratory conditions. In this study, we evaluated six spray application techniques, i.e., three spray boom and three spray gun techniques. In general, the deposition results were comparable between the spray boom and the spray gun applications. The spray boom applications, however, resulted in a more uniform spray distribution. At the plant level, the spray distribution was not uniform for any of the techniques used; the highest deposits were observed on the upper (or adaxial) side of the top leaves. Using spray guns at a higher spray pressure did not improve spray penetration in the canopy or deposition on the bottom (or abaxial) side of the leaves. Of the different nozzle types tested on the spray boom, the extended range flat fan XR 8003 gave the best results. Crop density clearly affected crop penetration and deposition on the bottom side of the leaves.

scholarly journals Operator exposure to spray deposits using various application techniques in paddy fields

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 375-385
Author(s):  
Pruetthichat Punyawattoe
Keyword(s):  
Wind Direction ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Team Leaders ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Application Technique ◽  
Dye Tracer ◽  
Practical Operation ◽  
Application Techniques ◽  
Further Development

Purpose The safety of operators handling pesticides is still one of the main problems facing Thai agricultural workers. The purpose of this paper is to study the safety of farmers and the techniques recommended to farmers by the Department of Agriculture in Thailand, i.e. spraying to achieve optimum spray volume with consideration for wind direction – henceforth referred to as officer techniques. Design/methodology/approach Operator exposure was detected by verifying the deposition of dye tracer on the coveralls worn by ten spray service team leaders, for all applications between May and June 2017. For each technique, a total of 15 patches were attached at the lower legs, thigh, chest, forearms, upper arms, hands, face, forehead and back. Each individual technique was performed four times in the area of 1,800 m2. Findings The results showed that the deposits with the farmers’ techniques was much higher than with officers’ techniques ranging from 2.32 to 23.91 times at the tillering stage and 9.90 to 56.79 times at the booting stage, respectively. These results indicate that the spray application technique has a considerable potential for reducing the contamination of spray operators by 56.96–98.23 percent. Operator safety can be considerably improved by the spray application technique employed. Without any investment and changing equipment, only by considering wind direction, officers’ techniques could avoid much deposition, which is the most practical operation in the field. The boom sprayer as a novel recommended technique is an alternative giving a positive result and it can be a substitute for the conventional method. Furthermore, the authors must pay attention to personal protective equipment (PPE) because depositions were discovered on the whole of the bodies of those tested. PPE is the best way to protect an operator from pesticide contamination. Originality/value Operator exposure data can be helpful in further development of exposure models and databases for risk assessment and pesticide registration in Thailand.

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