scholarly journals A Distributed Oracle Using Intel SGX for Blockchain-Based IoT Applications

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangyeon Woo ◽  
Jeho Song ◽  
Sungyong Park
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Data Integrity ◽  
Reputation System ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Average Response Time ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
External Data ◽  
Transport Layer Security

A blockchain oracle problem is a problem that defines a mechanism for how to safely bring external data to the blockchain. Although there have been various research efforts to solve this problem, existing solutions are limited in that they do not support either data availability or data integrity. Furthermore, no solution has been proposed to minimize the response time when an oracle server is malicious or overloaded. This paper proposes a distributed oracle using Intel Software Guard Extensions (SGX). The proposed approach uses multiple oracle servers to support data availability. It also supports data integrity using Intel SGX and Transport Layer Security (TLS) communication. The reputation system, which favors oracle servers with short response times, minimizes the average response time even if some of the oracle servers are malicious. The benchmarking results show that the response time of the proposed approach with 3 oracle servers is only 14% slower than a centralized oracle called Town-crier and scales well even if the number of oracle servers is increased up to 9. The reputation system is also evaluated, and its feasibility is analyzed using various experiments.

The Efficacy of Combined Physical and Mental Practice in the Learning of a Foot-Sequence Task after Stroke: A Case Report

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip L. Jackson ◽  
Julien Doyon ◽  
Carol L. Richards ◽  
Francine Malouin
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Mental Practice ◽  
Physical Practice ◽  
Average Response Time ◽  
Additional Improvement ◽  
Study Setting

Objective. To investigate the effect of mental practice on the learning of a sequential task for the lower limb in a patient with a hemiparesis resulting from a stroke. Design. A single-case study. Setting. Research laboratory of a university-affiliated rehabilitation center. Patient. A right-handed 38-year-old man who had suffered a left hemorrhagic subcortical stroke 4 months prior. Intervention. The patient practiced a serial response time task with the lower limb in 3 distinct training phases over a period of 5 weeks: 2 weeks of physical practice, 1 week of combined physical and mental practice, and then 2 weeks of mental practice alone. Main Outcome Measures. Performance on the task measured through errors and response times. Imagery abilities measured through questionnaires. Results . The patient’s average response time improved significantly during the 1st 5 days of physical practice (26%) but then failed to show further improvement during the following week of physical practice. The combination of mental and physical practice during the 3rd week yielded additional improvement (10.3%), whereas the following 2 weeks of mental practice resulted in a marginal increase in performance (2.2%). Conclusion. The findings show that mental practice, when combined with physical practice, can improve the performance of a sequential motor skill in people who had a stroke, and suggest that mental practice could play a role in the retention of newly acquired abilities.

scholarly journals Response Times of Motorcycle Ambulances during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (T1) ◽  
pp. 526-529
Author(s):  
Korakot Apiratwarakul ◽  
Kamonwon Ienghong ◽  
Vajarabhongsa Bhudhisawasdi ◽  
Dhanu Gaysonsiri ◽  
Somsak Tiamkao
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Average Response Time ◽  
Transport Time ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Period ◽  
System Data ◽  
Information Database

BACKGROUND: Motorcycles (motorlance) are often deployed as ambulances to the scene of an emergency to reduce response time. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected emergency medical services (EMS) in Thailand in many respects, and this study was conducted to examine its effect on motorlance operation time. AIM: The aim of the study was to examine motorlance operation time during the COVID-19 pandemic in comparison to normal periods. METHODS: This cross-sectional study examined all EMS motorlance operations dispatched from Srinagarind Hospital (Thailand). Data were collected from the Srinagarind Hospital EMS operation database and hospital information database system. Data from June 1, 2018, to December 31, 2019 (normal period) were compared with those from January 13 to April 21, 2020 (COVID-19). RESULTS: Eight hundred seventy-one EMS operations were examined over two periods. Mean patient age during the COVID-19 pandemic was 41.5 ± 6.2 years, and 54.6% (n = 59) were male. Average response time was 6.20 ± 1.35 min during the normal period and 3.48 ± 1.01 min during the pandemic (p = 0.021). Transport time was also significantly shorter during the latter period (2.35 vs. 5.20 min). CONCLUSIONS: Motorlance response and transport time during the COVID-19 pandemic were significantly shorter than usual.

Does the Implementation of an Advanced Life Support Quick Response Vehicle (QRV) in an Integrated Fire/EMS System Improve Patient Contact Response Time?

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 382-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin W. Anderson ◽  
Harinder S. Dhindsa ◽  
Wen Wan ◽  
David Salot
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Advanced Life Support ◽  
Quick Response ◽  
Average Response Time ◽  
Patient Response ◽  
Contact Response ◽  
Improve Patient ◽  
Call Volume

AbstractBackgroundThe current Fire/Emergency Medical Services (EMS) model throughout the United States involves emergency vehicles which respond from a primary location (ie, firehouse or municipal facility) to emergency calls. Quick response vehicles (QRVs) have been used in various Fire/EMS systems; however, their effectiveness has never been studied.ObjectivesThe goal of this study was to determine if patient response times would decrease by placing an Advanced Life Support (ALS) QRV in an integrated Fire/EMS system.MethodsResponse times from an integrated Fire/EMS system with an annual EMS call volume of 3,261 were evaluated over the three years prior to the implementation of this study. For a 2-month period, an ALS QRV staffed by a firefighter/paramedic responded to emergency calls during peak call volume hours of 8:00 am to 5:00 pm. The staging of this vehicle was based on historical call volume percentages using respective geocodes as well as system requirements during multiple emergency dispatches.ResultsPrior to the study, the citywide average response time for the twelve months preceding was 5.44 minutes. During the study, the citywide average response time decreased to 4.09 minutes, resulting in a 27.62% reduction in patient response time.ConclusionThe implementation of an ALS QRV in an integrated Fire/EMS system reduces patient response time. Having a QRV that is not staged continuously in a traditional fire station or municipal location reduces the time needed to reach patients. Also, using predictive models of historic call volume can aid Fire and EMS administrators in reduction of call response times.AndersonDW, DhindsaHS, WanW, SalotD. Does the implementation of an Advanced Life Support quick response vehicle (QRV) in an integrated Fire/EMS system improve patient contact response time?Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(4):1 – 3.

ChaCha20-Poly1305 Crypto Core Compatible with Transport Layer Security 1.3

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronaldo Serrano ◽  
Ckristian Duran ◽  
Trong-Thuc Hoang ◽  
Marco Sarmiento ◽  
Akira Tsukamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transport Layer ◽  
Transport Layer Security

scholarly journals Stimulus-response time to invasive blood pressure alarms: implications for the safety of critical-care patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adele Kuckartz Pergher ◽  
Roberto Carlos Lyra da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Hemodynamic Instability ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Invasive Blood Pressure ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
The City ◽  
Physical Layout

Observational, descriptive, exploratory, case study with the objective of measuring the stimulus-response time of the team to alarms monitoring invasive blood pressure (IBP) and analyzing the implications of this time for the safety of the patient. From January to March 2013, 60 hours of structured observation were conducted with registration of the alarms activated by IBP monitors in an adult ICU at a military hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro. 76 IBP alarms were recorded (1.26 alarms/hour), 21 of which (28%) were attended to and 55 (72%) considered as fatigued. The average response time to the alarms was 2 min. 45 sec. The deficit in human resource and physical layout were factors determining the delay in response to the alarms. The increase in response times to these alarms may compromise the safety of patients with hemodynamic instability, especially in situations such as shock and the use of vasoactive drugs.

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