scholarly journals Understanding Visual Engagement with Urban Street Edges along Non-Pedestrianised and Pedestrianised Streets Using Mobile Eye-Tracking

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 4251 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Simpson ◽  
Kevin Thwaites ◽  
Megan Freeth
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Urban Streets ◽  
Urban Street ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Limited Opportunity ◽  
Pedestrian Street ◽  
Empirical Foundation ◽  
Visual Engagement ◽  
Mobile Eye Tracking

Existing knowledge of street edge experience has often been constructed using methods that offer a limited opportunity to gain empirical insight from the first-hand perspective of pedestrians. In order to address this, mobile eye-tracking glasses were used during the current investigation to provide a detailed understanding of pedestrian visual engagement with street edges along both non-pedestrianised and pedestrianised urban streets. Through this, the current study advances empirical knowledge of street edge experience from a perspective that has previously been challenging to capture and quantify. The findings demonstrate that people visually engage with street edge ground floors more than their upper floors, that visual engagement is distributed more towards the street edge on the walked side of non-pedestrianised streets than the opposite side, and that visual engagement with street edges of pedestrianised streets is balanced across both sides. The study findings also highlight how the everyday activities of pedestrians and different streets being walked often influence the amount of visual engagement within these street edge areas. These insights provide a new understanding that develops existing knowledge of pedestrian street edge experience. Significantly, they also provide an empirical foundation from which to examine how design intervention can become more considerate of peoples’ routine use of and experiential engagement with street edges along non-pedestrianised and pedestrianised urban streets.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Gaze Projection Heat-Mapping of Outdoor Mobile Eye-Tracking Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-82
Author(s):  
James Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Data Representation ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Visualization Technique ◽  
Heat Maps ◽  
Urban Street ◽  
Representation Techniques ◽  
Visual Engagement ◽  
Mobile Eye Tracking

The mobilization of eye-tracking for use outside of the laboratory provides new opportunities for the assessment of pedestrian visual engagement with their surroundings. However, the development of data representation techniques that visualize the dynamics of pedestrian gaze distribution upon the environment they are situated within remains limited. The current study addresses this through highlighting how mobile eye-tracking data, which captures where pedestrian gaze is focused upon buildings along urban street edges, can be mapped as three-dimensional gaze projection heat-maps. This data processing and visualization technique is assessed during the current study along with future opportunities and associated challenges discussed. 

De-commemoration of an urban street in Egypt: the case of Gameat-Aldowel-Alarabyia street

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona A. Abdelwahab
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Street Design ◽  
Urban Street ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
Lay People ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Urban Institution ◽  
Naguib Mahfouz

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the “event” of the construction of Naguib Mahfouz Square. Drawing on the memory of Gamaet-Aldowel-AlArabyia Street, it attempts to uncover the socio-cultural structures inherited in the Egyptian urban street.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts Foucauldian discourse on institutions of “knowledge and authority” to approach the power relations between the actors involved. This discourse was constructed through in-depth, unstructured interviews with architects and involved government personnel as well as other archival resources that included national newspapers and magazines.FindingsThis discourse reflected an institutional controversy between these actors over the perception and design of the Egyptian street, highlighting the alienation of the designer, and the user/lay-people, from the urban institution. Naguib Mahfouz Square presented a considerable deviation from the established norms of street design in Egypt at that time through its commemoration of a contemporary figure in literature, the architect’s involvement in the design process and the unfencing of urban space. This event thus questions the perception of the urban street beyond our socio-cultural inheritance, and towards street design as a performative urban act that embraces the everyday activities of lay-people in the street.Originality/valueThe paper utilises Foucauldian discourse on power to approach a case study of an urban event and space in Egypt, which has not previously been investigated thoroughly. It thus holds potential towards the resolution of inherited conflict between the urban street and the urban institution.

scholarly journals Using a mobile eye-tracking technology to explore pedestrians’ gaze distribution on street space

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 ◽  
pp. 05015
Author(s):  
Sergey Rudenko ◽  
Nina Danilina ◽  
Borislav Hristov
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
City Development ◽  
Urban Streets ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
City Street ◽  
Street Space ◽  
Surrounding Space ◽  
Tracking Technology ◽  
Mobile Eye Tracking

The paper deals with the question of smart sustainable city development on the example of public city street space study using a modern mobile eye-tracking technology. The article presents a methodology to obtain data on the distribution of human gaze on dynamic and static objects located on urban streets as well as computer technologies that are used for the acquisition and processing of data. With the help of these technologies, it is possible to study people’s behavior in dynamic environments and to obtain results describing the nature of the pedestrians’ perception of their surrounding space. The results of a survey on urban streets in Berlin using a mobile eye tracking system are shown in this paper. Based on the results of the study, a list of objects that catch people’s attention and a numerical description of the gaze distribution are presented.

Do you see what I mean?: Using mobile eye tracking to capture parent–child dynamics in the context of anxiety risk

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Leigha A. MacNeill ◽  
Xiaoxue Fu ◽  
Kristin A. Buss ◽  
Koraly Pérez-Edgar
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Positive Reinforcement ◽  
Parental Behavior ◽  
Anxiety Level ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Controlling Parenting ◽  
Attractor Strength ◽  
Child Age ◽  
Mobile Eye Tracking

Abstract Temperamental behavioral inhibition (BI) is a robust endophenotype for anxiety characterized by increased sensitivity to novelty. Controlling parenting can reinforce children's wariness by rewarding signs of distress. Fine-grained, dynamic measures are needed to better understand both how children perceive their parent's behaviors and the mechanisms supporting evident relations between parenting and socioemotional functioning. The current study examined dyadic attractor patterns (average mean durations) with state space grids, using children's attention patterns (captured via mobile eye tracking) and parental behavior (positive reinforcement, teaching, directives, intrusion), as functions of child BI and parent anxiety. Forty 5- to 7-year-old children and their primary caregivers completed a set of challenging puzzles, during which the child wore a head-mounted eye tracker. Child BI was positively correlated with proportion of parent's time spent teaching. Child age was negatively related, and parent anxiety level was positively related, to parent-focused/controlling parenting attractor strength. There was a significant interaction between parent anxiety level and child age predicting parent-focused/controlling parenting attractor strength. This study is a first step to examining the co-occurrence of parenting behavior and child attention in the context of child BI and parental anxiety levels.

Estimating the Effects of Urban Street Incidents on Capacity

2017 ◽  
Vol 2615 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aidin Massahi ◽  
Mohammed Hadi ◽  
Maria Adriana Cutillo ◽  
Yan Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Network Performance ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Signalized Intersection ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Microscopic Simulation ◽  
Highway Capacity ◽  
Highway Capacity Manual ◽  
Urban Streets ◽  
Urban Street ◽  
Incident Duration

The effect of incidents on capacity is the most critical parameter in estimating the influence of incidents on network performance. The Highway Capacity Manual 2010 (HCM 2010) provides estimates of the drop in capacity resulting from incidents as a function of the number of blocked lanes and the total number of lanes in the freeway section. However, there is limited information on the effects of incidents on the capacity of urban streets. This study investigated the effects on capacity of the interaction between the drop in capacity below demand at a midblock urban street segment location and upstream and downstream of signalized intersection operations. A model was developed to estimate the drop in capacity at the incident location as a function of the number of blocked lanes, the distance from the downstream intersection, and the green time–to–cycle length (g:C) ratio of the downstream signal. A second model was developed to estimate the reduction in the upstream intersection capacity resulting from the drop in capacity at the midblock incident location as estimated by the first model. The second model estimated the drop in capacity of the upstream links feeding the incident locations as a function of incident duration time, the volume-to-capacity (V/C) ratio at the incident location, and distance from an upstream signalized intersection. The models were developed on the basis of data generated with the use of a microscopic simulation model calibrated by comparison with parameters suggested in HCM 2010 for incident and no-incident conditions and by comparison with field measurements.

Brokers of crisis: the everyday uncertainty of Eastern Congo's mineral négociants

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Vogel ◽  
Josaphat Musamba
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
Conflict Minerals ◽  
Regulatory Changes ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Violent Conflicts ◽  
North And South

ABSTRACTEastern Democratic Republic of the Congo's (DRC) artisanal mining sector is often linked to the violent conflicts that have beset Central Africa for over two decades. While many analyses emphasise its ‘criminal’ and ‘illegal’ nature, less attention has been paid to the ambiguity of this economy, most prominently incarnated by the intermediate mineral traders callednégociants. Focusing on their entrepreneurship, networks and everyday activities, this essay offers a more nuanced understanding of local mineral trade in the context of a ‘crisis economy’ framed by competing governable orders. It investigates the uncertainty along eastern DRC's mineral supply chains, that are undergoing major regulatory changes to curb the trade of so-called ‘conflict minerals’. Drawing from extensive fieldwork, this essay demonstrates how this uncertainty shapes the négociants’ role as brokers of socio-economic life in the provinces of North and South Kivu.

scholarly journals AGING AND ATTENTION TO SELF-SELECTED EMOTIONAL CONTENT: A MOBILE EYE TRACKING INVESTIGATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 1363-1363
Author(s):  
D.M. Isaacowitz ◽  
K.M. Livingstone ◽  
M.S. El-Nasr
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Emotional Content ◽  
Mobile Eye Tracking
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