scholarly journals A Novel Approach to Interpret Soil Moisture Content for Economical Monitoring of Urban Landscape

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 5609
Author(s):  
Junwei Liu ◽  
Vinay Kumar Gadi ◽  
Ankit Garg ◽  
Suriya Prakash Ganesan ◽  
Anasua GuhaRay
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Field Monitoring ◽  
Skewed Distribution ◽  
Normal Distribution Function

Preservation of green infrastructure (GI) needs continuous monitoring of soil moisture. Moisture content in soil is generally interpreted on the basis electrical conductivity (EC), soil temperature and relative humidity (RH). However, validity of previous approaches to interpret moisture content in urban landscape was rarely investigated. There is a need to relate the moisture content with other parameters (EC, temperature and RH) to economize the sensor installation. This study aims to quantify the dynamics of the above-mentioned parameters in an urban green space, and to further develop correlations between moisture content and other parameters (EC, temperature and RH). An integrated field monitoring and statistical modelling approach were adopted to achieve the objective. Four distinct sites comprising treed (younger and mature tree), grassed and bare soil were selected for investigation. Field monitoring was conducted for two months to measure four parameters. This was followed by statistical modelling by artificial neural networks (ANN). Correlations were developed for estimating soil moisture as a function of other parameters for the selected sites. Irrespective of the type of site, EC was found to be the most significant parameter affecting soil moisture, followed by RH and soil temperature. This correlation with EC is found to be stronger in vegetated soil as compared to that without vegetation. The correlations of soil temperature with water content do not have a conclusive trend. A considerable increase in temperature was not found due to the subsequent drying of soil after rainfall. A normal distribution function was found from the uncertainty analysis of soil moisture in the case of treed soil, whereas soil moisture was observed to follow a skewed distribution in the bare and grassed soils.

scholarly journals Simulations and Experiments of the Soil Temperature Distribution after 2.45-GHz Short-Time Term Microwave Treatment

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 933
Author(s):  
Xiaohe Sun ◽  
Changyuan Zhai ◽  
Shuo Yang ◽  
Haolin Ma ◽  
Chunjiang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Microwave Treatment ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Internal Temperature ◽  
Soil Disinfection

Microwave treatment is a green and pollution-free soil disinfection method. The application of microwaves to disinfect soil before cultivation is highly important to increase crop yields and protect the ecological environment. The electromagnetic field is an important parameter influencing the soil temperature field in the process of microwave soil treatment, and the change in soil temperature directly affects soil disinfection. Therefore, this article carried out research on the heating pattern in North China loess due to microwave treatment. First, COMSOL software was employed to simulate the microwave soil treatment process to analyze microwave penetration into soil. Second, with the application of microwaves at the designed frequency produced with a 2.45-GHz tunable microwave generating microdevice, soil with water contents of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% was treated for 10~60 s (at 10-s time intervals), and experiments on the influence of the microwave output power, treatment time, and soil moisture content on the soil temperature were performed via the controlled variable method. The simulation results indicate that with increasing soil moisture content, the microwave frequency inside the soil model increases, and the electric field intensity value decreases in the model at the same depth. After microwaves traverse through the 20-cm soil model, the incident field strength is three orders of magnitude lower than the outgoing field strength. The results of the microwave soil treatment experiment reveal that: (1) Compared to microwave output power levels of 1.8 and 1.6 kW, a level of 2 kW is more suitable for microwave soil disinfection. (2) After treatment, the highest temperature occurs on the soil surface, not within the soil. (3) The location of the highest soil internal temperature after microwave treatment increasingly approaches the soil surface with increasing soil moisture content, and the microwave output power does not affect the location of the highest soil internal temperature. Combining the electromagnetic field simulation and microwave soil treatment experiment results, it was found that the higher the field strength is, the higher the temperature value, and the highest soil internal temperature after microwave treatment often occurs at the first electromagnetic wave peak.

scholarly journals Multi-channel ground-penetrating radar to explore spatial variations in thaw depth and moisture content in the active layer of a permafrost site

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Wollschläger ◽  
H. Gerhards ◽  
Q. Yu ◽  
K. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Active Layer ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Thaw Depth ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Gravel Road

Abstract. Multi-channel ground-penetrating radar (GPR) was applied at a permafrost site on the Tibetan Plateau to investigate the influence of surface properties and soil texture on the late-summer thaw depth and average soil moisture content of the active layer. Measurements were conducted on an approximately 85 × 60 m2 sized area with surface and soil textural properties that ranged from medium to coarse textured bare soil to finer textured, sparsely vegetated areas covered with fine, wind blown sand, and it included the bed of a gravel road. The survey allowed a clear differentiation of the various units. It showed (i) a shallow thaw depth and low average soil moisture content below the sand-covered, vegetated area, (ii) an intermediate thaw depth and high average soil moisture content along the gravel road, and (iii) an intermediate to deep thaw depth and low to intermediate average soil moisture content in the bare soil terrain. From our measurements, we found hypotheses for the permafrost processes at this site leading to the observed late-summer thaw depth and soil moisture conditions. The study clearly indicates the complicated interactions between surface and subsurface state variables and processes in this environment. Multi-channel GPR is an operational technology to efficiently study such a system at scales varying from a few meters to a few kilometers.

Effect of Soil Moisture on Soil Temperature Field Near Buried Pipe

2012 ◽  
Vol 204-208 ◽  
pp. 650-653
Author(s):  
Jiang Li ◽  
Jun Ping Fu ◽  
Wu Gang Xie
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Temperature Field ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Thermal Conductivity Coefficient ◽  
Soil Thermal Conductivity

System effectiveness and useful life of heat pump are directly affected by whether the design of ground heat exchanger is reasonable or not. The efficiency of heat exchanger has a close relationship with soil thermal conductivity coefficient and heat diffusivity, while soil moisture content affects soil thermal conductivity coefficient and soil temperature field. In this paper, we perform numerical simulation on CFD software. Then we study the soil temperature changes through field experiment in different soil moisture content on field experiment and finally obtained the relationships of the moisture content with the single U ground soil temperature field.

scholarly journals Factors affecting nitrogenase activity (C2H2 reduction) associated with sorghum and millet estimated using the soil core assay

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1063-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Wani ◽  
P. J. Dart ◽  
M. N. Upadhyaya
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Soil Core ◽  
Factors Affecting

Factors affecting nitrogenase activity associated with sorghum and millet roots have been studied. Plants grown in iron cores in the field and then assayed had significantly higher activity than plants cored at the time of assay. Mechanical disturbance during transportation of the cores reduced the activity significantly. Any delay between cutting off the plant top and injecting C2H2 gas led to a reduction in the level of nitrogenase activity determined. Diurnal variation in nitrogenase activity was noted but was not correlated with soil temperature. Most activity occurred at the end of the photoperiod. Seasonal variation in nitrogenase activity of plants was observed and was correlated with the ontogenetic development of the host plant, being most at flowering. A low but significant correlation existed between soil moisture content and nitrogenase activity associated with the plant.

EFFECT OF SOIL WATER CONTENT ON THE WINTER SURVIVAL OF WINTER WHEAT, RYE AND TRITICALE

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 667-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
YVES CLOUTIER ◽  
ANDRÉ COMEAU ◽  
MICHÈLE BERNIER-CARDOU ◽  
DENIS A. ANGERS
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Ice Encasement ◽  
Wilting Point

A field study was conducted to determine the effect of soil moisture on the survival of three winter cereal species. Treatments were applied by watering and weighing the soil to the desired water content. Plants were overwintered in a plastic greenhouse in 1988 and in 1989, in which the air was not heated, but the soil was slightly heated on cold days to avoid very low temperatures. Soil temperature did not fall below −16 °C. Soil temperature rate of change was dependent on moisture content. Puma winter rye and Otrastajuskaja 38 winter wheat were the hardiest, followed by Wintri winter triticale and Norstar winter wheat. Harus winter wheat was less hardy, and Champlein winter wheat was totally winter killed. The highest survival rate was obtained at moderate to high soil moisture content. The soil contained 44% water at field capacity and 19% at the wilting point. The drier the soil in the range 13–23%, the greater the mortality indicating a negative effect of long-term drought on plant survival. By contrast, the wettest treatments: 58% and partial ice encasement, did not reduce survival. However, total ice encasement killed 50–75% of the plants depending on the cultivar. There was an interaction between cultivar and moisture treatment. The data suggest that a moisture level intermediate between the wilting point and field capacity should be sought in studies of cold hardiness.Key words: Moisture, winterkill, ice encasement, wheat, rye, triticale

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