The Non-Relativistic Limit of the DKP Equation in Non-Commutative Phase-Space
The non-relativistic limit of the relativistic DKP equation for both of zero and unity spin particles is studied through the canonical transformation known as the Foldy–Wouthuysen transformation, similar to that of the case of the Dirac equation for spin-1/2 particles. By considering only the non-commutativity in phases with a non-interacting fields case leads to the non-commutative Schrödinger equation; thereafter, considering the non-commutativity in phase and space with an external electromagnetic field thus leads to extract a phase-space non-commutative Schrödinger–Pauli equation; there, we examined the effect of the non-commutativity in phase-space on the non-relativistic limit of the DKP equation. However, with both Bopp–Shift linear transformation through the Heisenberg-like commutation relations, and the Moyal–Weyl product, we introduced the non-commutativity in phase and space.