scholarly journals Reply to Comment on Ultrasound Guidance for Botulinum Neurotoxin Chemodenervation Procedures. Toxins 2018, 10, 18—Quintessential Use of Ultrasound Guidance for Botulinum Toxin Injections

Toxins ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 400
Author(s):  
Katharine Alter ◽  
Barbara Karp
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxin ◽  
Ultrasound Guidance ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Injections

We thank the authors for their detailed letter and salient comments related to our article on Ultrasound Guidance for botulinum toxin (BoNT) injections.[...]

scholarly journals Intramuscular Neural Distribution of Rhomboid Muscles: Evaluation for Botulinum Toxin Injection Using Modified Sihler’s Method

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyu-Ho Yi ◽  
Hyung-Jin Lee ◽  
You-Jin Choi ◽  
Ji-Hyun Lee ◽  
Kyung-Seok Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxin ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Injection ◽  
Entry Point ◽  
Middle Section ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Spinous Processes ◽  
Intramuscular Nerve ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Injections

This study describes the nerve entry point and intramuscular nerve branching of the rhomboid major and minor, providing essential information for improved performance of botulinum toxin injections and electromyography. A modified Sihler method was performed on the rhomboid major and minor muscles (10 specimens each). The nerve entry point and intramuscular arborization areas were identified in terms of the spinous processes and medial and lateral angles of the scapula. The nerve entry point for both the rhomboid major and minor was found in the middle muscular area between levels C7 and T1. The intramuscular neural distribution for the rhomboid minor had the largest arborization patterns in the medial and lateral sections between levels C7 and T1. The rhomboid major muscle had the largest arborization area in the middle section between levels T1 and T5. In conclusion, botulinum neurotoxin injection and electromyography should be administered in the medial and lateral sections of C7−T1 for the rhomboid minor and the middle section of T1−T7 for the rhomboid major. Injections in the middle section of C7−T1 should also be avoided to prevent mechanical injury to the nerve trunk. Clinicians can administer safe and effective treatments with botulinum toxin injections and other types of injections by following the methods in our study.

scholarly journals Internal obturator muscle: Proposition of a transforaminal way under ultrasound guidance for botulinum toxin injections

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. e146-e147
Author(s):  
Fabrice Michel ◽  
Arnaud Dupeyron ◽  
Jean Jacques Labat ◽  
Etienne Aleton ◽  
Bernard Parratte
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Ultrasound Guidance ◽  
Internal Obturator Muscle ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Injections

Elimination of dysphagia using ultrasound guidance for botulinum toxin injections in cervical dystonia

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin S. Hong ◽  
Geeta G. Sathe ◽  
Christian Niyonkuru ◽  
Michael C. Munin
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Cervical Dystonia ◽  
Ultrasound Guidance ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Injections

scholarly journals Physician Preferences for Botulinum Toxin Injections in Anticoagulated Patients with Spasticity

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Kassam ◽  
Chetan P. Phadke ◽  
Farooq Ismail ◽  
Chris Boulias
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Bleeding Complication ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxin ◽  
Type A ◽  
International Normalized Ratio ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Injections ◽  
Anticoagulated Patients

AbstractTo understand physician preferences and bleeding complication rates of intramuscular botulinum neurotoxin type A injections for spasticity management in anticoagulated patients, questionnaires were mailed to 138 physicians across Canada. The international normalized ratio comfort range for injections was <2.0 in 10%, 2.0 to 2.5 in 35%, 2.6 to 3.0 in 25%, and 3.1 to 3.5 in 20% of physicians. Only 23% injected outside their comfort value and 57% did not; 72% did not normalize the international normalized ratio value before injections. Only one injector reported the development of compartment syndrome. As expected, high variability exists in physician preferences in botulinum neurotoxin type A injection in anticoagulated patients.

scholarly journals Comment on Ultrasound Guidance for Botulinum Neurotoxin Chemodenervation Procedures. Toxins 2017, 10, 18—Quintessential Use of Ultrasound Guidance for Botulinum Toxin Injections—Muscle Innervation Zone Targeting Revisited

Toxins ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bayram Kaymak ◽  
Fevziye Malas ◽  
Murat Kara ◽  
Arzu On ◽  
Levent Özçakar
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Neurotoxin ◽  
Ultrasound Guidance ◽  
Motor Point ◽  
Innervation Zone ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Motor End Plate ◽  
Application Techniques ◽  
Muscle Innervation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Injections

Recently, the importance of targeting structures during botulinum neurotoxin applications has been discussed in a variety of disorders, including spasticity and dystonia. In this respect, the advantages of ultrasound imaging to traditional techniques have been emphasized. We would like underscore the importance of ultrasound guidance, with targeting innervation zone(s) of the over-active muscles to achieve effective clinical outcomes. Additionally, we also clarify the difference between the terms—innervation zone (motor end plate) and motor point—which have been used by the authors as if they were the same. Further, we disagree with the authors about the intramuscular botulinum neurotoxin application techniques i.e., in-plane vs. out-of-plane whereby the former is, for sure, superior.

Advances in toxin therapy: Utilizing ultrasound guidance for botulinum toxin injections

Toxicon ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 68-69
Author(s):  
K.E. Alter ◽  
M. Hallett ◽  
B. Karp ◽  
C. Lungu
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Ultrasound Guidance ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Injections
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